如何进行TCP通信实现
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本篇文章给大家分享的是有关如何进行TCP通信实现，小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家学习，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获，话不多说，跟着小编一起来看看吧。
TCP是底层通讯协议，定义的是数据传输和连接方式的规范。TCP协议，传输控制协议（Transmission Control Protocol，缩写为：TCP）是一种面向连接的、可靠的、基于字节流的通信协议。讲到TCP协议就绕不开套接字Socket。这也是搞软件开发经常接触的技术点。 套接字Socket是通信的基石，是支持TCP/IP协议的网络通信的基本操作单元。它是网络通信过程中端点的抽象表示，包含进行网络通信必须的五种信息：连接使用的协议，本地主机的IP地址，本地进程的协议端口，远地主机的IP地址，远地进程的协议端口。 创建Socket连接时，可以指定使用的传输层协议，Socket可以支持不同的传输层协议（TCP或UDP），当使用TCP协议进行连接时，该Socket连接就是一个TCP连接。
在网络通讯中，从架构设计和应用需要具备抽象思维。让阅读者和使用者非常清晰的理解设计思路。采用割裂思维。形象的比喻成大炮和炮弹。大炮。发射装置分HTTP和TCP。收发机制不同。每种编程语言都有自己固定的API实现。炮弹就是二进制流数据。不固定完全可以DIY。就是我们常说的通信协议。所谓“协议”是双方共同遵守的规则。协议有语法、语义、时序三要素。炮弹抽象转实体就是Gk8ByteMaker。具体实现参阅。网络通信1：字节流的封装。针对大炮发射装置实现。其实许多编程语言都不需要自己造轮子。甚至很多框架支持、比如Java有名气的MINA框架。作为编程者应该需要探索的欲望。自己实现过对底层的理解更透彻。领悟过记忆才更深刻。曾经有个面试者就理直气壮说Socket底层就是可以直接传输类对象。因为他工作接触的都是完善的框架。直接面向对象编程。缺乏捅破窗户纸窥探下底层真正的实现原理。
项目使用C++实现网络TCP通信(tcpnet)。其中Gk8Socket是实现底层Socket通信。Gk8TcpService是提供接口服务。方便使用者方便快捷的使用。同时发射装置肯定需要炮弹。也使用了Gk8ByteMaker。每种编程语言实现都有差异。这里仅抛砖引玉。重点还是理解思维和原理。记忆容易忘记。思维不容易忘记。
C++实现网络Socket类：Gk8Socket.h
#ifndef _GK8SOCKET_H_#define _GK8SOCKET_H_#pragma once#include "Gk8Env.h"#if(GK8_TARGET_PLATFORM==GK8_PLATFORM_WIN32) #include <winsock2.h> typedef int socklen_t;#else #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> typedef int SOCKET; //[定义一些创建标记宏] #define INVALID_SOCKET -1 #define SOCKET_ERROR -1#endifclass Gk8Socket{protected://[类保护属性] SOCKET m_iSocket; //[SCOKET套接字] fd_set m_fdR; //[SCOKET信息]public://[类公共属性] Gk8Socket(SOCKET iSocket=INVALID_SOCKET); ~Gk8Socket(); static int Init(); static int Clean(); Gk8Socket& operator=(SOCKET iSocket); operator SOCKET(); bool Create(int af, int type, int protocol = 0); bool Connect(const char* ip, unsigned short port); bool Bind(unsigned short port); bool Listen(int backlog = 5); bool Accept(Gk8Socket& s, char* fromip = NULL); int Select(); int Send(const char* buf, int len, int flags=0); int Recv(char* buf, int len, int flags=0); int Close(); int GetError();};#endifC++实现网络Socket类：Gk8Socket.cpp
#include "Gk8Socket.h"#include "Gk8OperSys.h"#include <stdio.h>#if(GK8_TARGET_PLATFORM==GK8_PLATFORM_WIN32)#pragma comment(lib, "wsock32")#endifGk8Socket::Gk8Socket(SOCKET iSocket){ m_iSocket=iSocket;}Gk8Socket::~Gk8Socket(){}//[初始化SOCKET]int Gk8Socket::Init(){#if(GK8_TARGET_PLATFORM==GK8_PLATFORM_WIN32) WSADATA wsaData; WORD version = MAKEWORD(2, 0); int nRet = WSAStartup(version, &wsaData);//[WinSock启动] if(nRet) { _GK8ERR<<"Initilize winsock error !"<<CR; return -1; }#endif return 0;}//[清理SOCKET]int Gk8Socket::Clean(){#if(GK8_TARGET_PLATFORM==GK8_PLATFORM_WIN32) return (WSACleanup());#endif return 0;}Gk8Socket& Gk8Socket::operator=(SOCKET iSocket){ m_iSocket=iSocket; return (*this);}Gk8Socket::operator SOCKET(){ return m_iSocket;}//[创建套接字]bool Gk8Socket::Create(int af, int type,int protocol){ m_iSocket=socket(af, type, protocol); if(m_iSocket==INVALID_SOCKET) { return false; } return true;}//[连接SOCKET]bool Gk8Socket::Connect(const char* ip,unsigned short port){ struct sockaddr_in svraddr; svraddr.sin_family = AF_INET; svraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip); svraddr.sin_port = htons(port); int ret=connect(m_iSocket,(struct sockaddr*)&svraddr,sizeof(svraddr)); if (ret==SOCKET_ERROR) { return false; } return true;}//[绑定端口]bool Gk8Socket::Bind(unsigned short port){ struct sockaddr_in svraddr; svraddr.sin_family = AF_INET; svraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; svraddr.sin_port = htons(port); int opt = 1; if (setsockopt(m_iSocket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char*) &opt, sizeof(opt))< 0) return false; int ret = bind(m_iSocket,(struct sockaddr*)&svraddr,sizeof(svraddr)); if (ret==SOCKET_ERROR) { return false; } return true;}//[服务器监听端口]bool Gk8Socket::Listen(int backlog){ int ret = listen(m_iSocket, backlog); if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR) { return false; } return true;}//[服务器接受套接字]bool Gk8Socket::Accept(Gk8Socket& s,char* fromip){ struct sockaddr_in cliaddr; socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(cliaddr); SOCKET sock = accept(m_iSocket,(struct sockaddr*)&cliaddr,&addrlen); if(sock == SOCKET_ERROR) { return false; } s=sock; if (fromip != NULL) sprintf(fromip, "%s", inet_ntoa(cliaddr.sin_addr)); return true;}int Gk8Socket::Select(){ FD_ZERO(&m_fdR); FD_SET(m_iSocket,&m_fdR); struct timeval mytimeout; mytimeout.tv_sec=3; mytimeout.tv_usec=0; int result=select(m_iSocket+1,&m_fdR,NULL,NULL,NULL); //[第一个参数是0和sockfd中的最大值加一] //[第二个参数是读集,也就是sockset] //[第三,四个参数是写集和异常集,在本程序中都为空] //[第五个参数是超时时间,即在指定时间内仍没有可读,则出错] if(result==-1) { return -1; }else { if(FD_ISSET(m_iSocket,&m_fdR)>0) { return -2; }else { return -3; } }}//[发送数据:直接发送]int Gk8Socket::Send(const char* buf, int len, int flags){ int bytes; int count = 0; while(count<len) { bytes=(GK8_INT)send(m_iSocket,buf+count,len-count,flags); if(bytes==-1||bytes==0) return -1; count+=bytes; } return count;}//[接受数据]int Gk8Socket::Recv(char* buf, int len, int flags){ return (GK8_INT)recv(m_iSocket,buf,len,flags);}//[关闭SOCKET]int Gk8Socket::Close(){#if(GK8_TARGET_PLATFORM==GK8_PLATFORM_WIN32) return (closesocket(m_iSocket));#else return (close(m_iSocket));#endif}//[获取错误信息]int Gk8Socket::GetError(){#if(GK8_TARGET_PLATFORM==GK8_PLATFORM_WIN32) return (WSAGetLastError());#else return -1;#endif}C++实现Tcp服务类：Gk8TcpService.h
#ifndef __GK8TCPSERVICE_H__#define __GK8TCPSERVICE_H__#pragma once#include "Gk8Socket.h"#include "Gk8BaseObj.h"#include "Gk8ByteMaker.h"#include <pthread.h>#include <semaphore.h>#if(GK8_TARGET_PLATFORM==GK8_PLATFORM_IOS||GK8_TARGET_PLATFORM==GK8_PLATFORM_ANDROID)#include <sys/time.h>#endifclass Gk8TcpService:public Gk8BaseObj{ DECLARE_TOSPP_MAP;private: pthread_t m_nPId; //[线程ID] GK8_BOOL m_bCreatePthread; //[创建了线程] Gk8ByteMaker m_iRequestData; //[TCP请求数据]public: Gk8Socket m_iSocket; Gk8Str m_iHostIpStr; //[服务器IP] GK8_INT m_nPort; //[服务端口] pthread_mutex_t mt_TcpResponseMutex;//[TCP响应互斥体] Gk8ByteMaker m_iTcpData; //[TCP反馈数据]private: static void* start_thread(void*); //[静态成员函数,相当于C中的全局函数] GK8_VOID TcpSocketFailCallBack(GK8_INT nFailCode); GK8_VOID TcpSocketSuccCallBack(); GK8_VOID TcpRequestStarted(); GK8_VOID DispatcherReceiveMessage();public: Gk8TcpService(); ~Gk8TcpService(); GK8_BOOL TOSPPFUNC Build(GK8_LPCSTR lpHostIp,GK8_INT nPort); GK8_VOID TOSPPFUNC SendMessage(Gk8ByteMaker* pRequestData); GK8_VOID TOSPPFUNC PutMessage(Gk8ByteMaker* pRequestData); GK8_VOID TOSPPFUNC SendCachedMessage(); GK8_VOID TOSPPFUNC Close(); //[函数中止当前线程] static GK8_VOID TcpClientTick();};#endifC++实现Tcp服务类：Gk8TcpService.cpp
#include "Gk8TcpService.h"//[TCP SOCKET错误编码]enum TCPSOCKETFAILERRORCODE{ TCPCODE_PTHREAD_FAIL=0, TCPCODE_SOCKET_INIT_FAIL, TCPCODE_SOCKET_CREATE_FAIL, TCPCODE_SOCKET_CONNECT_FAIL, TCPCODE_SOCKET_SEND_FAIL, TCPCODE_END};static Gk8Var sg_iTcpSocketFailEventFun("OnTcpSocketFail"); //[TCPSOCKET失败信息]static Gk8Var sg_iTcpSocketSuccEventFun("OnTcpSocketSucc"); //[TCPSOCKET成功信息]static Gk8Var sg_iTcpReceiveMessageFun("ReceiveMessage"); //[接收网络信息]static Gk8SortMap sg_iTcpSocketMap; //[委托MAP]//[用来管理回调的]/////////////////////////////////////////////CLASS-TOSPP////////////////////////////////////////////////////BEGIN_TOSPP_MAP(Gk8TcpService,Gk8BaseObj) TOSPP_FUNC(Gk8TcpService,Build,'b',"sd","Build(lpHostIp,nPort)") TOSPP_FUNC(Gk8TcpService,SendMessage,' ',"p","SendMessage(iRequestDataPtr)") TOSPP_FUNC(Gk8TcpService,PutMessage,' ',"p","PutMessage(iRequestDataPtr)") TOSPP_FUNC(Gk8TcpService,SendCachedMessage,' '," ","SendCachedMessage()") TOSPP_FUNC(Gk8TcpService,Close,' ',"","Close()")END_TOSPP_MAP()/////////////////////////////////////[套接字逻辑]///////////////////////////////////////////////Gk8TcpService::Gk8TcpService(){ pthread_mutex_init(&mt_TcpResponseMutex,NULL); sg_iTcpSocketMap.AddItem((GK8_PTR_TYPE)this,0); m_bCreatePthread=false;}Gk8TcpService::~Gk8TcpService(){ pthread_mutex_destroy(&mt_TcpResponseMutex); sg_iTcpSocketMap.RemoveItem((GK8_PTR_TYPE)this);}//[套接字失败回调]GK8_VOID Gk8TcpService::TcpSocketFailCallBack(GK8_INT nFailCode){ OnCall(sg_iTcpSocketFailEventFun,Gk8Var()<<nFailCode);}//[套接字成功回调]GK8_VOID Gk8TcpService::TcpSocketSuccCallBack(){ OnCall(sg_iTcpSocketSuccEventFun);}//[创建套接字并连接.启动套接字线程]GK8_BOOL Gk8TcpService::Build(GK8_LPCSTR lpHostIp,GK8_INT nPort){ m_iRequestData.Destroy(); m_iTcpData.Destroy(); m_iHostIpStr=lpHostIp; m_nPort=nPort; int errCode=0; do { pthread_attr_t tAttr; errCode=pthread_attr_init(&tAttr); if(errCode!=0) return false; //[但是上面这个函数其他内容则主要为你创建的线程设定为分离式] errCode=pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&tAttr,PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED); if(errCode!=0) { pthread_attr_destroy(&tAttr); TcpSocketFailCallBack(TCPCODE_PTHREAD_FAIL); return false; } m_bCreatePthread=true; errCode=pthread_create(&m_nPId,&tAttr,start_thread,this); if(errCode!=0) { pthread_attr_destroy(&tAttr); TcpSocketFailCallBack(TCPCODE_PTHREAD_FAIL); return false; } }while(0); return true;}//[套接字线程对象]void* Gk8TcpService::start_thread(void* arg){ Gk8TcpService* pTcpService=(Gk8TcpService*)arg; //[0表示连接成功.1表示连接失败] Gk8Socket iSocket; if(iSocket.Init()!=0) { pTcpService->TcpSocketFailCallBack(TCPCODE_SOCKET_INIT_FAIL); return NULL; } //[创建套接字] if(!iSocket.Create(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0)) { pTcpService->TcpSocketFailCallBack(TCPCODE_SOCKET_CREATE_FAIL); return NULL; } //[连接套接字] if(!iSocket.Connect(pTcpService->m_iHostIpStr,pTcpService->m_nPort)) { pTcpService->TcpSocketFailCallBack(TCPCODE_SOCKET_CONNECT_FAIL); return NULL; } pTcpService->m_iSocket=iSocket; //[通知连接成功] pTcpService->TcpSocketSuccCallBack(); //[循环监听.接收数据] Gk8ByteMaker sl_iRecvBuf; sl_iRecvBuf.WriteAlloc(1024*1024); GK8_INT nRecvLen=0; while(true) { //[表示服务器端有消息推送过来.会接受HTTP的请求返回] if(iSocket.Select()==-2) { sl_iRecvBuf.ClearStream(); nRecvLen=iSocket.Recv((GK8_LPSTR)sl_iRecvBuf.GetBuf(),1024*1024,0); if(nRecvLen<=0) continue; //[多线程控制] pthread_mutex_lock(&pTcpService->mt_TcpResponseMutex); pTcpService->m_iTcpData.WriteBuf(sl_iRecvBuf.GetBuf(),nRecvLen); pthread_mutex_unlock(&pTcpService->mt_TcpResponseMutex); } } return NULL;}//[发送消息]GK8_VOID Gk8TcpService::SendMessage(Gk8ByteMaker* pRequestData){ pRequestData->ShiftTo(m_iRequestData); TcpRequestStarted();}//[把二进制流重组成新的对象]GK8_VOID Gk8TcpService::PutMessage(Gk8ByteMaker* pRequestData){ pRequestData->ShiftTo(m_iRequestData);}GK8_VOID Gk8TcpService::SendCachedMessage(){ TcpRequestStarted();}//[开始TCP请求]GK8_VOID Gk8TcpService::TcpRequestStarted(){ GK8_INT nSendLen=m_iRequestData.GetStreamSize(); if(m_iSocket.Send((GK8_LPCSTR)m_iRequestData.GetBuf(),nSendLen)!=nSendLen) { TcpSocketFailCallBack(TCPCODE_SOCKET_SEND_FAIL); return ; } m_iRequestData.ClearStream();}//[向脚本派发消息]GK8_VOID Gk8TcpService::DispatcherReceiveMessage(){ if(m_iTcpData.GetStreamSize()<2*sizeof(GK8_WORD)) return; pthread_mutex_lock(&mt_TcpResponseMutex); Gk8Var iByteMakerVar(&m_iTcpData,m_iTcpData.GetObjId()); OnCall(sg_iTcpReceiveMessageFun,iByteMakerVar); //[把数据往前提] m_iTcpData.Pack(); pthread_mutex_unlock(&mt_TcpResponseMutex);}//[停止SOCKET]GK8_VOID Gk8TcpService::Close(){ m_iSocket.Close();#if(GK8_TARGET_PLATFORM==GK8_PLATFORM_ANDROID) _GK8ERR<<"Close"<<CR; pthread_detach(m_nPId);#endif#if(GK8_TARGET_PLATFORM==GK8_PLATFORM_IOS) pthread_cancel(m_nPId); pthread_detach(m_nPId);#endif#if(GK8_TARGET_PLATFORM==GK8_PLATFORM_WIN32) if(m_bCreatePthread) { m_bCreatePthread=false; pthread_cancel(m_nPId); pthread_detach(m_nPId); pthread_join(m_nPId,NULL); }#endif pthread_mutex_lock(&mt_TcpResponseMutex); m_iRequestData.Destroy(); m_iTcpData.Destroy(); pthread_mutex_unlock(&mt_TcpResponseMutex);}//[TCP客户端检测]GK8_VOID Gk8TcpService::TcpClientTick(){ Gk8TcpService* pTcpService=NULL; for(GK8_INT i=0;i<sg_iTcpSocketMap.GetSize();i++) { pTcpService=(Gk8TcpService*)sg_iTcpSocketMap.GetItemIdAt(i); pTcpService->DispatcherReceiveMessage(); }}以上就是如何进行TCP通信实现，小编相信有部分知识点可能是我们日常工作会见到或用到的。希望你能通过这篇文章学到更多知识。更多详情敬请关注编程网行业资讯频道。
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