Oracle数据库备份如何还原
这篇文章主要介绍了Oracle数据库备份如何还原,具有一定借鉴价值,感兴趣的朋友可以参考下,希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后大有收获,下面让小编带着大家一起了解一下。
oracle 数据库提供expdp和impdp命令用于备份和恢复数据库。
具体可查阅oracle官方文档 https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/sutil/database-utilities.pdf
备份和还原主要有
FULL_MODE:整个数据库进行备份还原。
Schema Mode:默认导出模式,Schema 模式。
Table Mode:表模式。
Tablespace Mode:表空间模式。
实践
验证1:备份某一时刻数据库数据,通过恢复语句能够恢复到备份时刻的数据。
切换用户后登录
[root@linuxtestb538 ~]# su oraclebash-4.2$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 23 14:40:45 2021Version 19.3.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionVersion 19.3.0.0.0SQL>
连接到对应用户下
SQL> conn test/test@mypdbConnected.
创建了test_tab表
create table test_tab(id number(9) not null,title varchar2(20));
插入一条数据
insert into test_tab values(1,'hello world');
导出数据文件(推出数据库连接)
expdp test/test@mypdb schemas=test dumpfile=test20211119_all.dmp logfile=20211119_all.dmp DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR
插入一条数据
insert into test_tab values(2,'hello test');
目前数据库中存在两条数据,而数据导出的时候只有一条hello world的数据。
SQL> select * from test_tab; ID TITLE---------- -------------------- 1 hello world 2 hello test
现在我们通过impdp命令恢复数据库数据
bash-4.2$ impdp test/test@mypdb schemas=test DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=test20211119_all.dmp logfile=20211119_recov.dmp;Import: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 23 14:52:21 2021Version 19.3.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionMaster table "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloadedStarting "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": test/********@mypdb schemas=test DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=test20211119_all.dmp logfile=20211119_recov.dmp Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USERORA-31684: Object type USER:"TEST" already existsProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEORA-39151: Table "TEST"."TEST_TAB" exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skipProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKERJob "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completed with 2 error(s) at Tue Nov 23 14:52:37 2021 elapsed 0 00:00:14
从输入信息中看到test_tab表已经存在所以相关的备份数据跳过不处理,但我们的本意需要让备份数据去覆盖现有数据不管现在表 是否已经存在。那我们需要增加 table_exists_action=replace的参数
impdp test/test@mypdb schemas=test table_exists_action=replace DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=test20211119_all.dmp logfile=20211119_recov.dmp;Import: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 23 14:55:57 2021Version 19.3.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionMaster table "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloadedStarting "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": test/********@mypdb schemas=test table_exists_action=replace DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=test20211119_all.dmp logfile=20211119_recov.dmp Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USERORA-31684: Object type USER:"TEST" already existsProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA. . imported "TEST"."TEST_TAB" 5.539 KB 1 rowsProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKERJob "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completed with 1 error(s) at Tue Nov 23 14:56:25 2021 elapsed 0 00:00:27
连接到数据库后,查询test_tab表,发现数据已经恢复到只有一条hello world的时候,验证通过。
SQL> select * from test_tab; ID TITLE---------- -------------------- 1 hello world
验证2:备份数据的时候不想备份所有表,要根据条件过滤掉某些表进行备份,恢复的时候只恢复备份出来的表数据。
我们再创建一张his开头的表
create table his_test_tab(id number(9) not null,title varchar2(20));
插入数据
insert into his_test_tab values(1,'hello world');
导出数据
bash-4.2$ expdp test/test@mypdb schemas=test dumpfile=test20211123-1_all.dmp logfile=20211123-1_all.dmp DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR EXCLUDE=table:\"like \'HIS%\'\";Export: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 23 15:16:39 2021Version 19.3.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionStarting "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": test/********@mypdb schemas=test dumpfile=test20211123-1_all.dmp logfile=20211123-1_all.dmp DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR EXCLUDE=table:"like 'HIS%'" Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKERProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USERProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX. . exported "TEST"."TEST_TAB" 5.539 KB 1 rowsMaster table "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded******************************************************************************Dump file set for TEST.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is: /opt/oracle/admin/ORCLCDB/dpdump/D0F96921D5E99512E0534390140A837F/test20211123-1_all.dmpJob "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Tue Nov 23 15:17:39 2021 elapsed 0 00:01:00
在test_tab和his_test_tab 表中新增数据
SQL> insert into test_tab values(2,'hello test');1 row created.SQL> insert into his_tab values(2,'hello test');insert into his_tab values(2,'hello test') *ERROR at line 1:ORA-00942: table or view does not existSQL> select * from test_tab; ID TITLE---------- -------------------- 1 hello world 2 hello testSQL> select * from his_test_tab; ID TITLE---------- -------------------- 1 hello world 2 hello test
插入数据后test_tab和his_test_tab表中
还原数据
bash-4.2$ impdp test/test@mypdb schemas=test table_exists_action=replace DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=test20211123-1_all.dmp logfile=20211123_recov.dmp;Import: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 23 15:24:37 2021Version 19.3.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionMaster table "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloadedStarting "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": test/********@mypdb schemas=test table_exists_action=replace DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=test20211123-1_all.dmp logfile=20211123_recov.dmp Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USERORA-31684: Object type USER:"TEST" already existsProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA. . imported "TEST"."TEST_TAB" 5.539 KB 1 rowsProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKERJob "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completed with 1 error(s) at Tue Nov 23 15:24:47 2021 elapsed 0 00:00:09
确认结果
SQL> select * from his_test_tab; ID TITLE---------- -------------------- 1 hello world 2 hello testSQL> select * from test_tab; ID TITLE---------- -------------------- 1 hello world
结果符合预期test_tab数据被还原,his_test_tab数据没有被还原。通过备份日志也可以看到我们只备份了test_tab表中的数据。
感谢你能够认真阅读完这篇文章,希望小编分享的“Oracle数据库备份如何还原”这篇文章对大家有帮助,同时也希望大家多多支持编程网,关注编程网行业资讯频道,更多相关知识等着你来学习!
免责声明:
① 本站未注明“稿件来源”的信息均来自网络整理。其文字、图片和音视频稿件的所属权归原作者所有。本站收集整理出于非商业性的教育和科研之目的,并不意味着本站赞同其观点或证实其内容的真实性。仅作为临时的测试数据,供内部测试之用。本站并未授权任何人以任何方式主动获取本站任何信息。
② 本站未注明“稿件来源”的临时测试数据将在测试完成后最终做删除处理。有问题或投稿请发送至: 邮箱/279061341@qq.com QQ/279061341