记录一次Oracle启动后几分钟自动Down机的处理过程

1.观察问题情况

查找Oracle异常，通过alert日志观察。alert日志路径参考如下：

startup mount;
SQL> show parameter back

NAME				     TYPE	 VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
_optimizer_use_feedback 	     boolean	 FALSE
background_core_dump		     string	 partial
background_dump_dest		     string	 /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orc
						 l/orcl/trace
backup_tape_io_slaves		     boolean	 FALSE
db_flashback_retention_target	     integer	 1440
fast_start_parallel_rollback	     string	 LOW
rollback_segments		     string
transactions_per_rollback_segment    integer	 5

其中background_dump_dest即时alert日志位置。

先清除alert日志（因日志过大，不方便跟踪）

>alert_orcl.log
tail -200f alert_orc.log

在oracle用户下启动数据库:

startup;

此时，在由mount状态变为open状态时，有多个异常日志，挨个分析处理。

Tue Feb 11 16:21:43 2020
alter database open
Beginning crash recovery of 1 threads
 parallel recovery started with 9 processes
Started redo scan
Completed redo scan
 read 78 KB redo, 9 data blocks need recovery
Started redo application at
 Thread 1: logseq 7, block 3
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 1 Seq 7 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u01/data/orcl/redo01.log
Completed redo application of 0.05MB
Completed crash recovery at
 Thread 1: logseq 7, block 159, scn 16334181718600
 9 data blocks read, 9 data blocks written, 78 redo k-bytes read
Tue Feb 11 16:21:44 2020
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 8 (thread open)
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 8
  Current log# 2 seq# 8 mem# 0: /u01/data/orcl/redo02.log
Successful open of redo thread 1
MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set
Tue Feb 11 16:21:44 2020
SMON: enabling cache recovery
[15868] Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 2.
Undo initialization finished serial:0 start:717814394 end:717814554 diff:160 (1 seconds)
Verifying file header compatibility for 11g tablespace encryption..
Verifying 11g file header compatibility for tablespace encryption completed
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Database Characterset is ZHS16GBK
No Resource Manager plan active
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Tue Feb 11 16:21:45 2020
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_p002_15891.trc  (incident=5686879):
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 42, block # 651993)
ORA-01110: data file 42: "/u02/oradata/GUMDBHN01.dbf"
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686879/orcl_p002_15891_i5686879.trc
Tue Feb 11 16:21:45 2020
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_p013_15913.trc  (incident=5686967):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [ktbair1], [1], [3], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686967/orcl_p013_15913_i5686967.trc
Starting background process QMNC
Tue Feb 11 16:21:45 2020
QMNC started with pid=40, OS id=15933 
Tue Feb 11 16:21:45 2020
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_mmon_15861.trc  (incident=5686823):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4193], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686823/orcl_mmon_15861_i5686823.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_15868.trc  (incident=5686855):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [ody "SYS.DBMS_STANDARD"
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686855/orcl_ora_15868_i5686855.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686879/orcl_p002_15891_i5686879.trc:
ORA-10388: parallel query server interrupt (failure)
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 42, block # 651993)
ORA-01110: data file 42: "/u02/oradata/GUMDBHN01.dbf"
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686879/orcl_p002_15891_i5686879.trc:
ORA-10388: parallel query server interrupt (failure)
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 42, block # 651993)
ORA-01110: data file 42: "/u02/oradata/GUMDBHN01.dbf"
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
Block recovery from logseq 8, block 149 to scn 16334181718756
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 8 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u01/data/orcl/redo02.log
Block recovery stopped at EOT rba 8.153.16
Block recovery completed at rba 8.153.16, scn 3803.421092068
SMON: Restarting fast_start parallel rollback
Tue Feb 11 16:21:46 2020
Dumping diagnostic data in directory=[cdmp_20200211162146], requested by (instance=1, osid=15913 (P013)), summary=[incident=5686967].
Block recovery from logseq 8, block 149 to scn 16334181718759
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 8 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u01/data/orcl/redo02.log
Block recovery stopped at EOT rba 8.153.16
Block recovery completed at rba 8.153.16, scn 3803.421092068
Block recovery from logseq 8, block 149 to scn 16334181718754
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 8 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u01/data/orcl/redo02.log
Block recovery completed at rba 8.152.16, scn 3803.421092067
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_mmon_15861.trc  (incident=5686824):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4193], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686824/orcl_mmon_15861_i5686824.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
Dumping diagnostic data in directory=[cdmp_20200211162147], requested by (instance=1, osid=15861 (MMON)), summary=[incident=5686823].
Block recovery from logseq 8, block 153 to scn 16334181718764
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 8 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u01/data/orcl/redo02.log
Block recovery stopped at EOT rba 8.155.16
Block recovery completed at rba 8.155.16, scn 3803.421092074
Block recovery from logseq 8, block 149 to scn 16334181718765
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 8 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u01/data/orcl/redo02.log
Block recovery stopped at EOT rba 8.155.16
Block recovery completed at rba 8.155.16, scn 3803.421092074
Block recovery from logseq 8, block 153 to scn 16334181718761
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 8 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u01/data/orcl/redo02.log
Block recovery completed at rba 8.155.16, scn 3803.421092074
Block recovery from logseq 8, block 149 to scn 16334181718755
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 8 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u01/data/orcl/redo02.log
Block recovery completed at rba 8.153.16, scn 3803.421092073
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_smon_15857.trc  (incident=5686807):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4137], [26.11.412457], [0], [0], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686807/orcl_smon_15857_i5686807.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_p002_15891.trc  (incident=5686880):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [ktbair1], [1], [3], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686880/orcl_p002_15891_i5686880.trc
Tue Feb 11 16:21:48 2020
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_p000_15887.trc  (incident=5686863):
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 42, block # 651993)
ORA-01110: data file 42: "/u02/oradata/GUMDBHN01.dbf"
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686863/orcl_p000_15887_i5686863.trc
Tue Feb 11 16:21:48 2020
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_p001_15889.trc  (incident=5686871):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4198], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686871/orcl_p001_15889_i5686871.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_15868.trc  (incident=5686856):
ORA-00603: ORACLE server session terminated by fatal error
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [ody "SYS.DBMS_STANDARD"
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686856/orcl_ora_15868_i5686856.trc
Dumping diagnostic data in directory=[cdmp_20200211162148], requested by (instance=1, osid=15861 (MMON)), summary=[incident=5686824].
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
ORACLE Instance orcl (pid = 13) - Error 600 encountered while recovering transaction (26, 11).
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_smon_15857.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4137], [26.11.412457], [0], [0], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Block recovery from logseq 8, block 149 to scn 16334181718756
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 8 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u01/data/orcl/redo02.log
Block recovery completed at rba 8.153.16, scn 3803.421092073
Dumping diagnostic data in directory=[cdmp_20200211162149], requested by (instance=1, osid=15891 (P002)), summary=[incident=5686880].
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_p000_15887.trc  (incident=5686864):
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # , block # )
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686864/orcl_p000_15887_i5686864.trc
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_smon_15857.trc  (incident=5686808):
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 42, block # 651993)
ORA-01110: data file 42: "/u02/oradata/GUMDBHN01.dbf"
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686808/orcl_smon_15857_i5686808.trc
Block recovery from logseq 8, block 21 to scn 16334181718692
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 8 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u01/data/orcl/redo02.log
Block recovery completed at rba 8.89.16, scn 3803.421092005
Block recovery from logseq 8, block 155 to scn 16334181718766
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 8 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u01/data/orcl/redo02.log
opiodr aborting process unknown ospid (15868) as a result of ORA-603
Block recovery completed at rba 8.158.16, scn 3803.421092081
Tue Feb 11 16:21:50 2020
Exception [type: SIGSEGV, Address not mapped to object] [ADDR:0x6E2D382A] [PC:0x97F38FA, kgebse()+776] [flags: 0x0, count: 1]
Exception [type: SIGSEGV, Address not mapped to object] [ADDR:0x6E2D382A] [PC:0x97F38FA, kgebse()+776] [flags: 0x2, count: 2]
SMON: ignoring slave err,downgrading to serial rollback
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_smon_15857.trc  (incident=5686809):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4137], [3.31.4779235], [0], [0], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686809/orcl_smon_15857_i5686809.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
Dumping diagnostic data in directory=[cdmp_20200211162151], requested by (instance=1, osid=15857 (SMON)), summary=[abnormal process termination].
ORACLE Instance orcl (pid = 13) - Error 600 encountered while recovering transaction (3, 31).
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_smon_15857.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4137], [3.31.4779235], [0], [0], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_smon_15857.trc  (incident=5686810):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4137], [10.5.6991346], [0], [0], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686810/orcl_smon_15857_i5686810.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
ORACLE Instance orcl (pid = 13) - Error 600 encountered while recovering transaction (10, 5).
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_smon_15857.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4137], [10.5.6991346], [0], [0], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_smon_15857.trc  (incident=5686811):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4137], [16.32.1167277], [0], [0], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686811/orcl_smon_15857_i5686811.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
ORACLE Instance orcl (pid = 13) - Error 600 encountered while recovering transaction (16, 32).
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_smon_15857.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4137], [16.32.1167277], [0], [0], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Tue Feb 11 16:21:54 2020
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_smon_15857.trc  (incident=5686812):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4137], [26.11.412457], [0], [0], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686812/orcl_smon_15857_i5686812.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
Tue Feb 11 16:21:57 2020
PMON (ospid: 15833): terminating the instance due to error 474
Tue Feb 11 16:21:58 2020
System state dump requested by (instance=1, osid=15833 (PMON)), summary=[abnormal instance termination].
System State dumped to trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_diag_15843_20200211162158.trc
Dumping diagnostic data in directory=[cdmp_20200211162158], requested by (instance=1, osid=15833 (PMON)), summary=[abnormal instance termination].
Instance terminated by PMON, pid = 15833

2.问题1处理

Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_p000_6740.trc  (incident=9879108):
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 42, block # 651993)
ORA-01110: data file 42: "/u02/oradata/GUMDBHN01.dbf"
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_9879108/orcl_p000_6740_i9879108.trc
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Wed Feb 12 20:27:39 2020

根据日志分析得出是数据文件出现问题，暴力的解决方式就是将该数据文件下线，并删除，重建。（因数据库无备份，无法恢复）

1. 首先，因oracle无法启动，在mount下无法删除数据文件，故而先执行以下操作

startup mount;
create pfile ="/home/oracle/orcl.ora" from spfile;

2. 修改ora文件，添加以下内容：

# 如果数据库需要恢复，且undo与redo不一致，部分redo 无法恢复时需要此参数，允许resetlogs
*._allow_resetlogs_corruption=TRUE
# UNDO 段管理方式改为manual
undo_management="MANUAL"
undo_tablespace="SYSTEM"
rollback_segments="SYSTEM"

3. 启动数据库

startup force pfile="/home/oracle/orcl.ora";
alter database open;

4. 执行下线数据文件操作

alter database datafile "/u02/oradata/GUMDBHN01.dbf" offline drop;
alter database create datafile "/u02/oradata/GUMDBHN01.dbf";

此操作会造成数据丢失，非特殊情况，请斟酌。
也可以参考如下的一些网址：

• 实际工作中ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted遇到问题的解决方式
• 【案例】Oracle报错ORA-01190的产生原因和2种官方解决办法
  操作完成，重启后，该问题日志已经处理，继续处理后续异常错误。

3.问题2处理

Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_smon_15857.trc  (incident=5686807):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4137], [26.11.412457], [0], [0], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686807/orcl_smon_15857_i5686807.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_p002_15891.trc  (incident=5686880):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [ktbair1], [1], [3], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/incident/incdir_5686880/orcl_p002_15891_i5686880.trc
Tue Feb 11 16:21:48 2020

经排查发现此问题是因为undo表空间问题造成，该问题做以下处理

1. 排查有问题的undo段

startup force pfile="/home/oracle/orcl.ora";
SQL> select segment_name,status,tablespace_name from dba_rollback_segs where status = "NEEDS RECOVERY";

SEGMENT_NAME		       STATUS		TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------------
_SYSSMU3_4167512414$	       NEEDS RECOVERY	UNDOTBS1

将以上内容添加至刚创建的/home/oracle/orcl.ora中:
_CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS = ("_SYSSMU3_4167512414$")
2. 重启数据库

shutdown immediate;
startup pfile="/home/oracle/orcl.ora";

3. 查看现有的undo表空间情况：

SELECT * FROM dba_data_files a WHERE a.TABLESPACE_NAME LIKE "UNDO%";
SELECT * FROM dba_tablespaces a WHERE a.TABLESPACE_NAME LIKE "UNDO%";

4. 删除重建undo表空间

SQL> drop tablespace undotbs1 including contents and datafiles;
drop tablespace undotbs1 including contents and datafiles
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01548: active rollback segment "_SYSSMU10_116238249$" found, terminate
dropping tablespace


SQL> 
SQL> drop tablespace undotbs2 including contents and datafiles;
drop tablespace undotbs2 including contents and datafiles
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01548: active rollback segment "_SYSSMU207_3501698357$" found, terminate
dropping tablespace

发现还有segment存在问题，则执行：

SQL> select segment_name,status,tablespace_name from dba_rollback_segs where status = "NEEDS RECOVERY";

SEGMENT_NAME		       STATUS		TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------------
_SYSSMU10_116238249$	       NEEDS RECOVERY	UNDOTBS1
_SYSSMU16_2905918700$	       NEEDS RECOVERY	UNDOTBS1
_SYSSMU26_654891904$	       NEEDS RECOVERY	UNDOTBS1
_SYSSMU207_3501698357$	       NEEDS RECOVERY	UNDOTBS2

将此些信息都添加到/home/oracle/orcl.ora中:
_CORRUPTED_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS = ("_SYSSMU10_116238249$",...)
重启Oracle:

shutdown immediate;
startup pfile="/home/oracle/orcl.ora";

此时可正常删除。接着切换undo表空间：

SQL> create undo tablespace undotbs3 datafile "/u03/oradata/UNDOTBS3.dbf" size 30G autoextend off;

SQL> alter system set undo_tablespace="undotbs3";
alter system set undo_tablespace="undotbs3"
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-30014: operation only supported in Automatic Undo Management mode

此时undo处理MANUAL状态：

SQL> show parameter undo;

NAME				     TYPE	 VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
undo_management 		     string	 MANUAL
undo_retention			     integer	 900
undo_tablespace 		     string

修改/home/oracle/orcl.ora中: undo_management="AUTO"，并重启Oracle，在此执行 alter system set undo_tablespace="undotbs3";正常。
5. 恢复启动Oracle 将/home/oracle/xt2.ora文件中以下内容删除：

*._allow_resetlogs_corruption=TRUE
undo_management="MANUAL"
undo_tablespace="SYSTEM"
rollback_segments="SYSTEM"

修改为：

orcl.__db_cache_size=13690208256
orcl.__java_pool_size=201326592
orcl.__large_pool_size=3959422976
orcl.__oracle_base="/u01/app/oracle"#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=6777995264
orcl.__sga_target=20333985792
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=2348810240
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*._allow_resetlogs_corruption=TRUE
*._allow_terminal_recovery_corruption=TRUE
*._optimizer_use_feedback=FALSE
*.audit_file_dest="/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump"
*.audit_trail="NONE"
*.compatible="11.2.0.4.0"
*.control_files="/u01/data/orcl/control01.ctl","/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl"
*.db_block_checking="FALSE"
*.db_block_checksum="TRUE"
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=""
*.db_name="orcl"
*.db_recovery_file_dest="/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area"
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest="/u01/app/oracle"
*.dispatchers="(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)"
*.job_queue_processes=0
*.open_cursors=2500
*.pga_aggregate_target=6766460928
*.processes=10000
*.remote_login_passwordfile="EXCLUSIVE"
*.sga_target=20299382784
undo_management="AUTO"

重建spfile：

create spfile from pfile="/home/oracle/orcl.ora";
shutdown immediate;
startup;

到此，数据库正常了。

参考文章：
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kdBlkCheckError]
Oracle 数据库启动失败显示ORA-01190 ORA-01110 ORA-19729
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4137]