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Oracle 12C新特性-RMAN恢复表

2024-04-02 19:55

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Oracle 12C 新特性 -RMAN 恢复表

oracle 如何恢复单张表数据？

场景一：处理简单，恢复速度快

1 如果表被 delete 、 update 、 insert ，并已经 commit ，在时间和 undo 允许的情况下，可以通过闪回将数据迅速找回；

alter table t1 enable row movement;

--- 基于 Scn 闪回

flashback table t1 to scn 1726953;

--- 基于时间闪回

flashback table t1 to timestamp to_timestamp('2020-02-08 12:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh34:mi:ss');

或者通过CTAS 方式将数据保存到另一张表里

create table t1_recv as select * from t1 as of timestamp (systimestamp - interval '2' minute);

2 如果表被 drop ，并且没有使用 purge 清空回收站，可以通过回收站找回被删除的表 (user_recyclebin);

--- 将回收站的数据通过 CTAS 方式保存到另一张表里

show recyclebin

select object_name,ORIGINAL_NAME from user_recyclebin;

select original_name,operation,droptime from recyclebin;

create table t1 as select * from "BIN$HKCe4+VkDVXgU8UDqMAWvQ==$0";

--- 或者直接闪回表

flashback table t1 to before drop;

场景二：通过备份进行恢复

处理复杂，恢复速度慢的场景

1 如果表被 delete 、 update 、 insert ，并已经 commit ，时间已过去很久， undo 信息已被覆盖：

或者表被truncate 或 drop 并清空了回收站。

如果有expdp 或 exp 备份，可以用备份恢复，会丢失数据。

如果有rman 备份， 12C 之前，可以将备份基于时间点不完全恢复到另一个数据库里，然后通过 expdp 导出丢失数据的表，在导入到生产库，缺点是操作繁琐，时间较长。

从12C 开始，通过 rman 恢复单张表，操作命令变的更简单，但恢复时间还是会比较长。

场景三：处理难度大，不一定能完全恢复的场景

表被误操作(delete 、 update 、 truncate 、 drop) ，并且没有有效的备份，回收站已被清空， undo 数据已被覆盖：

可以考虑bbed,ODU 等工具进行数据恢复。

本次实验模拟pdb 中一张表误被 delete ，并通过 rman 进行单表恢复。

实验过程如下：

一查看数据库基本信息

1 数据库版本为19C( 相当于 12.2.0.3 版本 )

SQL> select banner_full from v$version;

BANNER_FULL

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production

Version 19.3.0.0.0

二 检查并 启动归档模式

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode No Archive Mode

Automatic archival Disabled

Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch

Oldest online log sequence 12

Current log sequence 14

[root@cjcos ~]# mkdir /arch

[root@cjcos ~]# chown oracle.oinstall /arch

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/arch' scope=both;

SQL> alter system set log_archive_format = "cjcpdb_arch_%t_%s_%r.arc" scope=spfile;

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup mount

SQL> alter database archivelog;

SQL> alter database open;

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination /arch

Oldest online log sequence 12

Next log sequence to archive 14

Current log sequence 14

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

[oracle@cjcos ~]$ cd /arch/

[oracle@cjcos arch]$ ll -rth

total 74M

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 74M Feb 8 11:04 cjcpdb_arch_1_14_1030641846.arc

三 创建测试数据

SQL> conn sys/oracle@cjcpdb as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> select name from v$dbfile;

NAME

---------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CJCDB/cjcpdb/system01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CJCDB/cjcpdb/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CJCDB/cjcpdb/undotbs01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CJCDB/cjcpdb/users01.dbf

SQL> create tablespace cjctbs datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CJCDB/cjcpdb/cjctbs01.dbf' size 10M autoextend on;

SQL> create user cjc identified by cjc default tablespace cjctbs;

SQL> grant connect,resource,dba to cjc;

SQL> conn cjc/cjc@cjcpdb

SQL> create table t1 as select * from dba_objects;

SQL> insert into t1 select* from t1;

72397 rows created.

SQL> /

144794 rows created.

SQL> commit;

SQL> update t1 set object_id=rownum;

289588 rows updated.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

四 ：全库备份

[root@cjcos ~]# mkdir /backup/rman -p

[root@cjcos ~]# chown oracle.oinstall /backup -R

[oracle@cjcos ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Feb 8 11:21:00 2020

Version 19.3.0.0.0

connected to target database: CJCDB (DBID=3744777523)

RMAN>

run

{

allocate channel ch2 type disk;

allocate channel ch3 type disk;

backup database tag 'full' format '/backup/rman/%d_full_%T_%U.bak';

sql 'alter system archive log current';

backup archivelog all tag 'arch' format '/backup/rman/%d_arch_%T_%U.bak';

backup current controlfile tag 'ctl' format '/backup/rman/%d_ctl_%T_%U.bak';

release channel ch2;

release channel ch3;

}

查看备份信息

RMAN> list backup of database;

[oracle@cjcos rman]$ pwd

/backup/rman

[oracle@cjcos rman]$ ll -rth

total 2.4G

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 415M Feb 8 11:48 CJCDB_full_20200208_13uo0vma_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 789M Feb 8 11:48 CJCDB_full_20200208_12uo0vma_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 272M Feb 8 11:49 CJCDB_full_20200208_15uo0vp0_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 302M Feb 8 11:49 CJCDB_full_20200208_14uo0vp0_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 305M Feb 8 11:50 CJCDB_full_20200208_16uo0vqd_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 252M Feb 8 11:50 CJCDB_full_20200208_17uo0vqe_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.3M Feb 8 11:50 CJCDB_arch_20200208_1auo0vrt_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 74M Feb 8 11:50 CJCDB_arch_20200208_19uo0vrt_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 125K Feb 8 11:50 CJCDB_arch_20200208_1buo0vs1_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 18M Feb 8 11:50 CJCDB_ctl_20200208_1cuo0vs2_1_1.bak

五 ：查看当前SCN 等信息

SQL> conn cjc/cjc@cjcpdb

Connected.

SQL> show con_name user

CON_NAME

------------------------------

CJCPDB

USER is "CJC"

SQL> select count(*) from t1;

COUNT(*)

----------

289588

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh34:mi:ss') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY

-------------------

2020-02-08 11:53:51

SQL> select current_scn from v$database;

CURRENT_SCN

-----------

2301721

六 ：模拟误删除操作

SQL> delete t1 where object_id>10;

289578 rows deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select count(*) from t1;

COUNT(*)

----------

--- 针对 delete 级别的误删除，在时间和 undo 允许的情况下，可以通过闪回将数据迅速找回

SQL> create table t2 as select * from t1 as of timestamp (systimestamp - interval '3' minute);

Table created.

SQL> select count(*) from t2;

COUNT(*)

----------

289588

本案例使用rman 进行 t1 表恢复，恢复到删除操作之前的时刻。

七 ：使用rman 备份恢复 t1 表

1 创建辅助数据库恢复目录 /auxiliary/recover ，创建 expdp 导出目录 /auxiliary/dumpfiles

[root@cjcos ~]# mkdir /auxiliary/{recover,dumpfiles} -p

[root@cjcos ~]# chown oracle.oinstall /auxiliary -R

[root@cjcos ~]# ll -rth /auxiliary/

total 0

drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 6 Feb 8 12:14 recover

drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 6 Feb 8 12:14 dumpfiles

2 rman执行恢复操作

[oracle@cjcos ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Feb 8 12:15:53 2020

Version 19.3.0.0.0

connected to target database: CJCDB (DBID=3744777523)

RMAN>

run{

RECOVER TABLE CJC.T1 OF PLUGGABLE DATABASE CJCPDB

UNTIL SCN 2301721

AUXILIARY DESTINATION '/auxiliary/recover'

DATAPUMP DESTINATION '/auxiliary/dumpfiles'

DUMP FILE 't1_scn_2301721.dmp'

REMAP TABLE 'CJC'.'T1':'T1_RECVR';

}

1 恢复 CJCPDB 数据库下 CJC 用户下的 T1 表。

2 恢复到 SCN 2301721 时刻。

3 恢复过程中创建的辅助实例恢复位置 /auxiliary/recover 。

4 恢复过程中通过 expdp 导出的备份位置 /auxiliary/dumpfiles ，备份名为 t1_scn_2301721.dmp 。

5 并将恢复数据插入到 T1_RECVR 表中，验证数据没问题后再手动将 T1_RECVR 数据插回到 T1 中。

下面是截取恢复过程中部分信息，均是自动完成，无需人为干预。

......

---1 创建辅助实例 DiFo 并恢复数据

Creating automatic instance, with SID='DiFo'

initialization parameters used for automatic instance:

db_name=CJCDB

db_unique_name=DiFo_pitr_CJCPDB_CJCDB

compatible=19.0.0

db_block_size=8192

db_files=200

diagnostic_dest=/u01/app/oracle

_system_trig_enabled=FALSE

sga_target=1104M

processes=200

db_create_file_dest=/auxiliary/recover

log_archive_dest_1='location=/auxiliary/recover'

enable_pluggable_database=true

_clone_one_pdb_recovery=true

#No auxiliary parameter file used

starting up automatic instance CJCDB

......

---2 基于 scn 恢复

contents of Memory Script:

{

# set requested point in time

set until scn 2301721;

# online the datafiles restored or switched

sql clone 'CJCPDB' "alter database datafile 13 online";

# recover and open resetlogs

recover clone database tablespace "CJCPDB":"CJCTBS", "SYSTEM", "CJCPDB":"SYSTEM", "UNDOTBS1", "CJCPDB":"UNDOTBS1", "SYSAUX", "CJCPDB":"SYSAUX" delete archivelog;

alter clone database open resetlogs;

}

executing Memory Script

......

--- 3 expdp 导出 T1 表数据，到 /auxiliary/dumpfiles/t1_scn_2301721.dmp

contents of Memory Script:

{

# create directory for datapump import

sql 'CJCPDB' "create or replace directory

TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''

/auxiliary/dumpfiles''";

# create directory for datapump export

sql clone 'CJCPDB' "create or replace directory

TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''

/auxiliary/dumpfiles''";

}

executing Memory Script

.....

Performing export of tables...

EXPDP> Starting "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_DiFo_aBzr":

EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER

EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

EXPDP> . . exported "CJC"."T1" 38.18 MB 289588 rows

EXPDP> Master table "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_DiFo_aBzr" successfully loaded/unloaded

EXPDP> ******************************************************************************

EXPDP> Dump file set for SYS.TSPITR_EXP_DiFo_aBzr is:

EXPDP> /auxiliary/dumpfiles/t1_scn_2301721.dmp

EXPDP> Job "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_DiFo_aBzr" successfully completed at Sat Feb 8 12:32:57 2020 elapsed 0 00:01:45

Export completed

......

--- 4 impdp 将 T1 数据导入到正式库 T1_RECVR 表中

Performing import of tables...

IMPDP> Master table "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_DiFo_BABf" successfully loaded/unloaded

IMPDP> Starting "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_DiFo_BABf":

IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

IMPDP> . . imported "CJC"."T1_RECVR" 38.18 MB 289588 rows

IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER

IMPDP> Job "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_DiFo_BABf" successfully completed at Sat Feb 8 12:34:17 2020 elapsed 0 00:00:49

Import completed

八 ：查看数据已经恢复到t1_recvr

---对比数据没问题后可以 选择手动 插回到t1 中

SQL> conn cjc/cjc@cjcpdb

SQL> select count(*) from t1;

COUNT(*)

----------

SQL> select count(*) from t1_recvr;

COUNT(*)

----------

289588

详细信息可参考官方文档：

https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/bradv/rman-recovering-tables-partitions.html#GUID-04D1B794-25D0-4C1E-9A98-F08AD361B41E