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hbase之宽表与窄表对split的影响

2022-11-30 23:43

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hbase之宽表与窄表对split的影响

     hbase的hbase.hregion.max.filesize属性值用来指定region分割的阀值， 该值默认为268435456(256MB), 当一个列族文件大小超过该值时，将会分裂成两个region。
     hbase的列可以有很多，设计时有两种方式可选择， 宽表（一行有很多列）和窄表
如有一个存储用户邮件的表
按宽表设计时，可以表示成（一个用户的所有邮件存成一行)
userid1 email1 emali2 email3 ... ... ... ... ... emailn
userid2 email1 emali2 email3 ... ... ... ... ... emailn
useridn                 
按窄表设计时，可以表示成(rowkey由用ID和emailID组成)
userid1_emialid1  email1
userid1_emialid2  email2
userid1_emialid3  email2
userid1_emialidn  emailn
userid2_emialid1  email1
userid2_emialid2  email2
userid2_emialid3  email3
userid2_emialidn  emailn
这两种设计方法会对region的分割造成影响， 今天在看HFileOutputFormat代码时发现它new出的RecordWriter对 region分割有一定的限制，

只有当rowkey不同是才会做分割, 而rowkey相同时即使region大小已经超过hbase.hregion.max.filesize值， 也不会分割
RecordWriter代码:

  1. public void write(ImmutableBytesWritable row, KeyValue kv)   
  2.       throws IOException {   
  3.         long length = kv.getLength();   
  4.         byte [] family = kv.getFamily();   
  5.         WriterLength wl = this.writers.get(family);   
  6.         if (wl == null || ((length + wl.written) >= maxsize) &&   
  7.             Bytes.compareTo(this.previousRow, 0, this.previousRow.length,   
  8.               kv.getBuffer(), kv.getRowOffset(), kv.getRowLength()) != 0) {   
  9.           // Get a new writer.   
  10.           Path basedir = new Path(outputdir, Bytes.toString(family));   
  11.           if (wl == null) {   
  12.             wl = new WriterLength();   
  13.             this.writers.put(family, wl);   
  14.             if (this.writers.size() > 1) throw new IOException("One family only");   
  15.             // If wl == null, first file in family.  Ensure family dir exits.   
  16.             if (!fs.exists(basedir)) fs.mkdirs(basedir);   
  17.           }   
  18.           wl.writer = getNewWriter(wl.writer, basedir);   
  19.           LOG.info("Writer=" + wl.writer.getPath() +   
  20.             ((wl.written == 0)? "": ", wrote=" + wl.written));   
  21.           wl.written = 0;   
  22.         }   
  23.         kv.updateLatestStamp(this.now);   
  24.         wl.writer.append(kv);   
  25.         wl.written += length;   
  26.         // Copy the row so we know when a row transition.   
  27.         this.previousRow = kv.getRow();   
  28.       }   

标红加粗部分说明当块大小大于hbase.hregion.max.filesize值， 并却当前行与上一次插入的行不同时才会分割region.
1. 宽表情况下， 单独一行大小超过hbase.hregion.max.filesize值， 不会做分割
2. 相同rowkey下插入很多不同版本的记录，即使大小超过hbase.hregion.max.filesize值， 也不会做分割

下面就来验证下：
为了尽早看到效果， 需要在hbase-site.xml中修改两个配置参数

  1. <property>   
  2.     <name>hbase.hregion.memstore.flush.size</name>   
  3.     <value>5</value>   
  4.     <description>   
  5.     Memstore will be flushed to disk if size of the memstore   
  6.     exceeds this number of bytes.  Value is checked by a thread that runs   
  7.     every hbase.server.thread.wakefrequency.   
  8.     </description>   
  9.   </property>   
  10. <property>   
  11.     <name>hbase.hregion.max.filesize</name>   
  12.     <value>10</value>   
  13.     <description>   
  14.     Maximum HStoreFile size. If any one of a column families' HStoreFiles has   
  15.     grown to exceed this value, the hosting HRegion is split in two.   
  16.     Default: 256M.   
  17.     </description>   
  18.   </property>   

 建测试表t1和t2

  1. hbase(main):076:0* create 't1','f1'  
  2. 0 row(s) in 1.6460 seconds  
  3.  
  4. hbase(main):077:0> create 't2','f1'  
  5. 0 row(s) in 1.1790 seconds  

查看系统表 .META.

  1. hbase(main):081:0* scan '.META.'  
  2. ROW                                                 COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                            
  3.  t1,,1314720667274.d8acd6bc659ac8326b88850d645a90ad column=info:regioninfo, timestamp=1314720667384, value=REGION => {NAME => 't1,,1314720667274.d8acd6bc659ac8326b88850d645a90ad.', STARTKEY => '', ENDK  
  4.  .                                                  EY => '', ENCODED => d8acd6bc659ac8326b88850d645a90ad, TABLE => {{NAME => 't1', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE   
  5.                                                     => '0', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', VERSIONS => '3', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}}              
  6.  t1,,1314720667274.d8acd6bc659ac8326b88850d645a90ad column=info:server, timestamp=1314720667941, value=yinjie:60020                                                                                        
  7.  .                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  8.  t1,,1314720667274.d8acd6bc659ac8326b88850d645a90ad column=info:serverstartcode, timestamp=1314720667941, value=1314716290123                                                                              
  9.  .                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  10.  t2,,1314720672168.16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71 column=info:regioninfo, timestamp=1314720672241, value=REGION => {NAME => 't2,,1314720672168.16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71.', STARTKEY => '', ENDK  
  11.  .                                                  EY => '', ENCODED => 16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71, TABLE => {{NAME => 't2', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE   
  12.                                                     => '0', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', VERSIONS => '3', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}}              
  13.  t2,,1314720672168.16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71 column=info:server, timestamp=1314720672346, value=yinjie:60020                                                                                        
  14.  .                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  15.  t2,,1314720672168.16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71 column=info:serverstartcode, timestamp=1314720672346, value=1314716290123                                                                              
  16.  .                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  17. 2 row(s) in 0.0230 seconds  

可以看到此时，t1,t2都已有一个region
先往t1表插入10条记录，rowkwy相同

  1. hbase(main):086:0* for i in 0..9 do\  
  2. hbase(main):087:1* put 't1','row1',"f1:c#{i}","swallow#{i}"\  
  3. hbase(main):088:1* end  
  4. 0 row(s) in 0.0180 seconds  
  5.  
  6. 0 row(s) in 0.0070 seconds  
  7.  
  8. 0 row(s) in 0.0420 seconds  
  9.  
  10. 0 row(s) in 0.0620 seconds  
  11.  
  12. 0 row(s) in 0.0120 seconds  
  13.  
  14. 0 row(s) in 0.0770 seconds  
  15.  
  16. 0 row(s) in 0.0150 seconds  
  17.  
  18. 0 row(s) in 0.1290 seconds  
  19.  
  20. 0 row(s) in 10.0740 seconds  
  21.  
  22. 0 row(s) in 0.1230 seconds 
  23.  
  24. => 0..9  
  25. hbase(main):089:0>  

查看t1记录

  1. hbase(main):089:0> scan 't1'  
  2. ROW                                                 COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                            
  3.  row1                                               column=f1:c0, timestamp=1314720946495, value=swallow0                                                                                                  
  4.  row1                                               column=f1:c1, timestamp=1314720946507, value=swallow1                                                                                                  
  5.  row1                                               column=f1:c2, timestamp=1314720946903, value=swallow2                                                                                                  
  6.  row1                                               column=f1:c3, timestamp=1314720946939, value=swallow3                                                                                                  
  7.  row1                                               column=f1:c4, timestamp=1314720946976, value=swallow4                                                                                                  
  8.  row1                                               column=f1:c5, timestamp=1314720947055, value=swallow5                                                                                                  
  9.  row1                                               column=f1:c6, timestamp=1314720947070, value=swallow6                                                                                                  
  10.  row1                                               column=f1:c7, timestamp=1314720947198, value=swallow7                                                                                                  
  11.  row1                                               column=f1:c8, timestamp=1314720957272, value=swallow8                                                                                                  
  12.  row1                                               column=f1:c9, timestamp=1314720957392, value=swallow9                                                                                                  
  13. 1 row(s) in 0.0300 seconds 

查看 .META.

  1. hbase(main):090:0> scan '.META.'  
  2. ROW                                                 COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                            
  3.  t1,,1314720667274.d8acd6bc659ac8326b88850d645a90ad column=info:regioninfo, timestamp=1314720667384, value=REGION => {NAME => 't1,,1314720667274.d8acd6bc659ac8326b88850d645a90ad.', STARTKEY => '', ENDK  
  4.  .                                                  EY => '', ENCODED => d8acd6bc659ac8326b88850d645a90ad, TABLE => {{NAME => 't1', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE   
  5.                                                     => '0', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', VERSIONS => '3', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}}              
  6.  t1,,1314720667274.d8acd6bc659ac8326b88850d645a90ad column=info:server, timestamp=1314720667941, value=yinjie:60020                                                                                        
  7.  .                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  8.  t1,,1314720667274.d8acd6bc659ac8326b88850d645a90ad column=info:serverstartcode, timestamp=1314720667941, value=1314716290123                                                                              
  9.  .                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  10.  t2,,1314720672168.16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71 column=info:regioninfo, timestamp=1314720672241, value=REGION => {NAME => 't2,,1314720672168.16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71.', STARTKEY => '', ENDK  
  11.  .                                                  EY => '', ENCODED => 16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71, TABLE => {{NAME => 't2', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE   
  12.                                                     => '0', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', VERSIONS => '3', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}}              
  13.  t2,,1314720672168.16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71 column=info:server, timestamp=1314720672346, value=yinjie:60020                                                                                        
  14.  .                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  15.  t2,,1314720672168.16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71 column=info:serverstartcode, timestamp=1314720672346, value=1314716290123                                                                              
  16.  .                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  17. 2 row(s) in 0.0210 seconds  

可以看到t1仍旧只有一个region

接下去往往t2表插入10条相同记录，但rowkwy不同

  1. hbase(main):091:0> for i in 0..9 do\                          
  2. hbase(main):092:1* put 't2',"row#{i}","f1:c#{i}","swallow#{i}"\  
  3. hbase(main):093:1* end  
  4. 0 row(s) in 0.1140 seconds  
  5.  
  6. 0 row(s) in 0.0080 seconds  
  7.  
  8. 0 row(s) in 0.0410 seconds  
  9.  
  10. 0 row(s) in 0.0820 seconds  
  11.  
  12. 0 row(s) in 0.0210 seconds  
  13.  
  14. 0 row(s) in 0.0410 seconds  
  15.  
  16. 0 row(s) in 0.0200 seconds  
  17.  
  18. 0 row(s) in 0.1210 seconds  
  19.  
  20. 0 row(s) in 0.0140 seconds  
  21.  
  22. 0 row(s) in 0.0360 seconds 
  23.  
  24. => 0..9  

查看t2记录

  1. hbase(main):097:0* scan 't2'  
  2. ROW                                                 COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                            
  3.  row0                                               column=f1:c0, timestamp=1314721110769, value=swallow0                                                                                                  
  4.  row1                                               column=f1:c1, timestamp=1314721110787, value=swallow1                                                                                                  
  5.  row2                                               column=f1:c2, timestamp=1314721110830, value=swallow2                                                                                                  
  6.  row3                                               column=f1:c3, timestamp=1314721110916, value=swallow3                                                                                                  
  7.  row4                                               column=f1:c4, timestamp=1314721110932, value=swallow4                                                                                                  
  8.  row5                                               column=f1:c5, timestamp=1314721110971, value=swallow5                                                                                                  
  9.  row6                                               column=f1:c6, timestamp=1314721110989, value=swallow6                                                                                                  
  10.  row7                                               column=f1:c7, timestamp=1314721111121, value=swallow7                                                                                                  
  11.  row8                                               column=f1:c8, timestamp=1314721111130, value=swallow8                                                                                                  
  12.  row9                                               column=f1:c9, timestamp=1314721111172, value=swallow9                                                                                                  
  13. 10 row(s) in 1.0450 seconds  

查看 .META.

  1. hbase(main):102:0> scan '.META.'  
  2. ROW                                                 COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                            
  3.  t1,,1314720667274.d8acd6bc659ac8326b88850d645a90ad column=info:regioninfo, timestamp=1314720667384, value=REGION => {NAME => 't1,,1314720667274.d8acd6bc659ac8326b88850d645a90ad.', STARTKEY => '', ENDK  
  4.  .                                                  EY => '', ENCODED => d8acd6bc659ac8326b88850d645a90ad, TABLE => {{NAME => 't1', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE   
  5.                                                     => '0', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', VERSIONS => '3', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}}              
  6.  t1,,1314720667274.d8acd6bc659ac8326b88850d645a90ad column=info:server, timestamp=1314720667941, value=yinjie:60020                                                                                        
  7.  .                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  8.  t1,,1314720667274.d8acd6bc659ac8326b88850d645a90ad column=info:serverstartcode, timestamp=1314720667941, value=1314716290123                                                                              
  9.  .                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  10.  t2,,1314720672168.16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71 column=info:regioninfo, timestamp=1314721112130, value=REGION => {NAME => 't2,,1314720672168.16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71.', STARTKEY => '', ENDK  
  11.  .                                                  EY => '', ENCODED => 16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71, OFFLINE => true, SPLIT => true, TABLE => {{NAME => 't2', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILT  
  12.                                                     ER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOC  
  13.                                                     KCACHE => 'true'}]}}                                                                                                                                   
  14.  t2,,1314720672168.16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71 column=info:server, timestamp=1314720672346, value=yinjie:60020                                                                                        
  15.  .                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  16.  t2,,1314720672168.16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71 column=info:serverstartcode, timestamp=1314720672346, value=1314716290123                                                                              
  17.  .                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  18.  t2,,1314720672168.16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71 column=info:splitA, timestamp=1314721112130, value=REGION => {NAME => 't2,,1314721111490.71df02214242923574b71fe5e2a19360.', STARTKEY => '', ENDKEY =  
  19.  .                                                  > 'row0', ENCODED => 71df02214242923574b71fe5e2a19360, TABLE => {{NAME => 't2', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE   
  20.                                                     => '0', VERSIONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}}              
  21.  t2,,1314720672168.16bb3d2563eab3b4e25477c64e007e71 column=info:splitB, timestamp=1314721112130, value=REGION => {NAME => 't2,row0,1314721111490.915ee8d4a32c59a4ec3960e335b061ca.', STARTKEY => 'row0',   
  22.  .                                                  ENDKEY => '', ENCODED => 915ee8d4a32c59a4ec3960e335b061ca, TABLE => {{NAME => 't2', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SC  
  23.                                                     OPE => '0', VERSIONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}}          
  24.  t2,,1314721111490.71df02214242923574b71fe5e2a19360 column=info:regioninfo, timestamp=1314721112267, value=REGION => {NAME => 't2,,1314721111490.71df02214242923574b71fe5e2a19360.', STARTKEY => '', ENDK  
  25.  .                                                  EY => 'row0', ENCODED => 71df02214242923574b71fe5e2a19360, TABLE => {{NAME => 't2', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SC  
  26.                                                     OPE => '0', VERSIONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}}          
  27.  t2,,1314721111490.71df02214242923574b71fe5e2a19360 column=info:server, timestamp=1314721112267, value=yinjie:60020                                                                                        
  28.  .                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  29.  t2,,1314721111490.71df02214242923574b71fe5e2a19360 column=info:serverstartcode, timestamp=1314721112267, value=1314716290123                                                                              
  30.  .                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  31.  t2,row0,1314721111490.915ee8d4a32c59a4ec3960e335b0 column=info:regioninfo, timestamp=1314721112627, value=REGION => {NAME => 't2,row0,1314721111490.915ee8d4a32c59a4ec3960e335b061ca.', STARTKEY => 'row  
  32.  61ca.                                              0', ENDKEY => '', ENCODED => 915ee8d4a32c59a4ec3960e335b061ca, TABLE => {{NAME => 't2', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATIO  
  33.                                                     N_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '3', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}}      
  34.  t2,row0,1314721111490.915ee8d4a32c59a4ec3960e335b0 column=info:server, timestamp=1314721112627, value=yinjie:60020                                                                                        
  35.  61ca.                                                                                                                                                                                                     
  36.  t2,row0,1314721111490.915ee8d4a32c59a4ec3960e335b0 column=info:serverstartcode, timestamp=1314721112627, value=1314716290123                                                                              
  37.  61ca.                                                                                                                                                                                                     
  38. 4 row(s) in 0.0380 seconds  

可以看到t2的region已经分裂.

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