jQuery中数据缓存$.data怎么使用
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一、实现原理：
对于DOM元素，通过分配一个唯一的关联id把DOM元素和该DOM元素的数据缓存对象关联起来，关联id被附加到以jQuery.expando的值命名的属性上，数据存储在全局缓存对象jQuery.cache中。在读取、设置、移除数据时，将通过关联id从全局缓存对象jQuery.cache中找到关联的数据缓存对象，然后在数据缓存对象上执行读取、设置、移除操作。
对于Javascript对象，数据则直接存储在该Javascript对象的属性jQuery.expando上。在读取、设置、移除数据时，实际上是对Javascript对象的数据缓存对象执行读取、设置、移除操作。
为了避免jQuery内部使用的数据和用户自定义的数据发生冲突，数据缓存模块把内部数据存储在数据缓存对象上，把自定义数据存储在数据缓存对象的属性data上。
二、总体结构：
// 数据缓存 DatajQuery.extend({ // 全局缓存对象 cache: {}, // 唯一 id种子 uuid:0, // 页面中每个jQuery副本的唯一标识 expando: "jQuery" + ( jQuery.fn.jquery + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ), // 是否有关联的数据 hasData: function(){}, // 设置、读取自定数据或内部数据 data: function(elem, name, data, pvt) {}, // 移除自定义数据或内部数据 removeData: function(elem, name, pvt) {}, // 设置、读取内部数据 _data: function(elem, name, data) {}, // 是否可以设置数据 acceptData: function(elem){}});jQuery.fn.extend({ // 设置、读取自定义数据，解析HTML5属性data- data: function(key,value){}, // 移除自定义数据 removeData: function(key){}});// 解析HTML5属性 data-function dataAttr(elem,key,data){}// 检查数据缓存对象是否为空function isEmptyDataObject(obj){}jQuery.extend({ // 清空数据缓存对象cleanData: function(elems){}});三、$.data(elem, name, data), $.data(elem, name)
$.data(elem, name, data)的使用方法：
如果传入参数name, data, 则设置任意类型的数据
<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>jQuery.data demo</title> <style> div { color: blue; } span { color: red; } </style> <script class="lazy" data-src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script></head><body><div> The values stored were <span></span> and <span></span></div><script>var div = $( "div" )[ 0 ];jQuery.data( div, "test", { first: 16, last: "pizza!"});$( "span:first" ).text( jQuery.data( div, "test" ).first );$( "span:last" ).text( jQuery.data( div, "test" ).last );</script></body></html>$.data(elem, name)的使用方法：
如果传入key, 未传入参数data, 则读取并返回指定名称的数据
<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>jQuery.data demo</title> <style> div { margin: 5px; background: yellow; } button { margin: 5px; font-size: 14px; } p { margin: 5px; color: blue; } span { color: red; } </style> <script class="lazy" data-src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script></head><body><div>A div</div><button>Get "blah" from the div</button><button>Set "blah" to "hello"</button><button>Set "blah" to 86</button><button>Remove "blah" from the div</button><p>The "blah" value of this div is <span>?</span></p><script>$( "button" ).click( function() { var value, div = $( "div" )[ 0 ]; switch ( $( "button" ).index( this ) ) { case 0 : value = jQuery.data( div, "blah" ); break; case 1 : jQuery.data( div, "blah", "hello" ); value = "Stored!"; break; case 2 : jQuery.data( div, "blah", 86 ); value = "Stored!"; break; case 3 : jQuery.removeData( div, "blah" ); value = "Removed!"; break; } $( "span" ).text( "" + value );});</script></body></html>$.data(elem, name, data), $.data(elem, name) 源码解析：
jQuery.extend({ // 1. 定义jQuery.data(elem, name, data, pvt) data: function( elem, name, data, pvt ) { // 2. 检查是否可以设置数据 if ( !jQuery.acceptData( elem ) ) { return; // 如果参数elem不支持设置数据，则立即返回 } // 3 定义局部变量 var privateCache, thisCache, ret, internalKey = jQuery.expando, getByName = typeof name === "string", // We have to handle DOM nodes and JS objects differently because IE6-7 // can't GC object references properly across the DOM-JS boundary isNode = elem.nodeType, // elem是否是DOM元素 // Only DOM nodes need the global jQuery cache; JS object data is // attached directly to the object so GC can occur automatically cache = isNode ? jQuery.cache : elem, // 如果是DOM元素，为了避免javascript和DOM元素之间循环引用导致的浏览器(IE6/7)垃圾回收机制不起作用，要把数据存储在全局缓存对象jQuery.cache中；对于javascript对象，来及回收机制能够自动发生，不会有内存泄露的问题，因此数据可以查收存储在javascript对象上 // Only defining an ID for JS objects if its cache already exists allows // the code to shortcut on the same path as a DOM node with no cache id = isNode ? elem[ internalKey ] : elem[ internalKey ] && internalKey, isEvents = name === "events"; // Avoid doing any more work than we need to when trying to get data on an // object that has no data at all // 4. 如果是读取数据，但没有数据，则返回 if ( (!id || !cache[id] || (!isEvents && !pvt && !cache[id].data)) && getByName && data === undefined ) { return; // getByName && data === undefined 如果name是字符串，data是undefined, 说明是在读取数据 // !id || !cache[id] || (!isEvents && !pvt && !cache[id].data 如果关联id不存在，说明没有数据；如果cache[id]不存在，也说明没有数据；如果是读取自动以数据，但cache[id].data不存在，说明没有自定义数据 } // 5. 如果关联id不存在，则分配一个 if ( !id ) { // Only DOM nodes need a new unique ID for each element since their data // ends up in the global cache if ( isNode ) { elem[ internalKey ] = id = ++jQuery.uuid; // 对于DOM元素，jQuery.uuid会自动加1，并附加到DOM元素上 } else { id = internalKey; // 对于javascript对象，关联id就是jQuery.expando } } // 6. 如果数据缓存对象不存在，则初始化为空对象{} if ( !cache[ id ] ) { cache[ id ] = {}; // Avoids exposing jQuery metadata on plain JS objects when the object // is serialized using JSON.stringify if ( !isNode ) { cache[ id ].toJSON = jQuery.noop; // 对于javascript对象，设置方法toJSON为空函数，以避免在执行JSON.stringify()时暴露缓存数据。如果一个对象定义了方法toJSON(),JSON.stringify()在序列化该对象时会调用这个方法来生成该对象的JSON元素 } } // An object can be passed to jQuery.data instead of a key/value pair; this gets // shallow copied over onto the existing cache // 7. 如果参数name是对象或函数，则批量设置数据 if ( typeof name === "object" || typeof name === "function" ) { if ( pvt ) { cache[ id ] = jQuery.extend( cache[ id ], name ); // 对于内部数据，把参数name中的属性合并到cache[id]中 } else { cache[ id ].data = jQuery.extend( cache[ id ].data, name ); // 对于自定义数据，把参数name中的属性合并到cache[id].data中 } } // 8. 如果参数data不是undefined, 则设置单个数据 privateCache = thisCache = cache[ id ]; // jQuery data() is stored in a separate object inside the object's internal data // cache in order to avoid key collisions between internal data and user-defined // data. if ( !pvt ) { if ( !thisCache.data ) { thisCache.data = {}; } thisCache = thisCache.data; } if ( data !== undefined ) { thisCache[ jQuery.camelCase( name ) ] = data; } // Users should not attempt to inspect the internal events object using jQuery.data, // it is undocumented and subject to change. But does anyone listen? No. // 9. 特殊处理events if ( isEvents && !thisCache[ name ] ) { // 如果参数name是字符串"events",并且未设置过自定义数据"events",则返回事件婚车对象，在其中存储了事件监听函数。 return privateCache.events; } // Check for both converted-to-camel and non-converted data property names // If a data property was specified //10. 如果参数name是字符串，则读取单个数据 if ( getByName ) { // First Try to find as-is property data ret = thisCache[ name ]; // 先尝试读取参数name对应的数据 // Test for null|undefined property data if ( ret == null ) { // 如果未取到，则把参数name转换为驼峰式再次尝试读取对应的数据 // Try to find the camelCased property ret = thisCache[ jQuery.camelCase( name ) ]; } } else { // 11. 如果未传入参数name,data,则返回数据缓存对象 ret = thisCache; } return ret; }, // For internal use only. _data: function( elem, name, data ) { return jQuery.data( elem, name, data, true ); },});四、.data(key, value), .data(key)
使用方法：
$( "body" ).data( "foo", 52 ); // 传入key, value $( "body" ).data( "bar", { myType: "test", count: 40 } ); // 传入key, value $( "body" ).data( { baz: [ 1, 2, 3 ] } ); // 传入key, value $( "body" ).data( "foo" ); // 52 // 传入key $( "body" ).data(); // 未传入参数HTML5 data attriubutes:
<div data-role="page" data-last-value="43" data-hidden="true" data-options='{"name":"John"}'></div> $( "div" ).data( "role" ) === "page"; $( "div" ).data( "lastValue" ) === 43; $( "div" ).data( "hidden" ) === true; $( "div" ).data( "options" ).name === "John";.data(key, value), .data(key) 源码解析
jQuery.fn.extend({ // 1. 定义.data(key, value) data: function( key, value ) { var parts, attr, name, data = null; // 2. 未传入参数的情况 if ( typeof key === "undefined" ) { if ( this.length ) { // 如果参数key是undefined, 即参数格式是.data(), 则调用方法jQuery.data(elem, name, data, pvt)获取第一个匹配元素关联的自定义数据缓存对象，并返回。 data = jQuery.data( this[0] ); if ( this[0].nodeType === 1 && !jQuery._data( this[0], "parsedAttrs" ) ) { attr = this[0].attributes; for ( var i = 0, l = attr.length; i < l; i++ ) { name = attr[i].name; if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) { name = jQuery.camelCase( name.substring(5) ); dataAttr( this[0], name, data[ name ] ); } } jQuery._data( this[0], "parsedAttrs", true ); } } return data; // 3. 参数key 是对象的情况,即参数格式是.data(key),则遍历匹配元素集合，为每个匹配元素调用方法jQuery.data(elem, name, data,pvt)批量设置数据 } else if ( typeof key === "object" ) { return this.each(function() { jQuery.data( this, key ); }); } // 4. 只传入参数key的情况 如果只传入参数key, 即参数格式是.data(key),则返回第一个匹配元素的指定名称数据 parts = key.split("."); parts[1] = parts[1] ? "." + parts[1] : ""; if ( value === undefined ) { data = this.triggerHandler("getData" + parts[1] + "!", [parts[0]]); // Try to fetch any internally stored data first if ( data === undefined && this.length ) { data = jQuery.data( this[0], key ); data = dataAttr( this[0], key, data ); } return data === undefined && parts[1] ? this.data( parts[0] ) : data; // 5. 传入参数key和value的情况 即参数格式是.data(key, value),则为每个匹配元素设置任意类型的数据，并触发自定义事件setData, changeData } else { return this.each(function() { var self = jQuery( this ), args = [ parts[0], value ]; self.triggerHandler( "setData" + parts[1] + "!", args ); jQuery.data( this, key, value ); self.triggerHandler( "changeData" + parts[1] + "!", args ); }); } }, removeData: function( key ) { return this.each(function() { jQuery.removeData( this, key ); }); }});// 6. 函数dataAttr(elem, key, data)解析HTML5属性data-function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) { // If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any // data from the HTML5 data-* attribute // 只有参数data为undefined时，才会解析HTML5属性data- if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { var name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$1" ).toLowerCase(); data = elem.getAttribute( name ); if ( typeof data === "string" ) { try { data = data === "true" ? true : data === "false" ? false : data === "null" ? null : jQuery.isNumeric( data ) ? parseFloat( data ) : rbrace.test( data ) ? jQuery.parseJSON( data ) : data; } catch( e ) {} // Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later jQuery.data( elem, key, data ); } else { data = undefined; } } return data;}五、$.removeData(elem, name)，.removeData(key)
使用方法：
<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>jQuery.removeData demo</title> <style> div { margin: 2px; color: blue; } span { color: red; } </style> <script class="lazy" data-src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script></head><body><div>value1 before creation: <span></span></div><div>value1 after creation: <span></span></div><div>value1 after removal: <span></span></div><div>value2 after removal: <span></span></div><script>var div = $( "div" )[ 0 ];$( "span:eq(0)" ).text( "" + $( "div" ).data( "test1" ) ); //undefinedjQuery.data( div, "test1", "VALUE-1" );jQuery.data( div, "test2", "VALUE-2" );$( "span:eq(1)" ).text( "" + jQuery.data( div, "test1" ) ); // VALUE-1jQuery.removeData( div, "test1" );$( "span:eq(2)" ).text( "" + jQuery.data( div, "test1" ) ); // undefined$( "span:eq(3)" ).text( "" + jQuery.data( div, "test2" ) ); // value2</script></body></html><!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>removeData demo</title> <style> div { margin: 2px; color: blue; } span { color: red; } </style> <script class="lazy" data-src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script></head><body><div>value1 before creation: <span></span></div><div>value1 after creation: <span></span></div><div>value1 after removal: <span></span></div><div>value2 after removal: <span></span></div><script>$( "span:eq(0)" ).text( "" + $( "div" ).data( "test1" ) ); // undefined$( "div" ).data( "test1", "VALUE-1" );$( "div" ).data( "test2", "VALUE-2" );$( "span:eq(1)" ).text( "" + $( "div").data( "test1" ) ); // VALUE-1$( "div" ).removeData( "test1" );$( "span:eq(2)" ).text( "" + $( "div" ).data( "test1" ) ); // undefined$( "span:eq(3)" ).text( "" + $( "div" ).data( "test2" ) ); // VALUE-2</script></body></html>$.removeData(elem, name)，.removeData(key) 源码解析：
$.extend({ // jQuery.removeData(elem,name,pvt)用于移除通过jQuery.data()设置的数据 removeData: function( elem, name, pvt ) { if ( !jQuery.acceptData( elem ) ) { return; } var thisCache, i, l, // Reference to internal data cache key internalKey = jQuery.expando, isNode = elem.nodeType, // See jQuery.data for more information cache = isNode ? jQuery.cache : elem, // See jQuery.data for more information id = isNode ? elem[ internalKey ] : internalKey; // If there is already no cache entry for this object, there is no // purpose in continuing if ( !cache[ id ] ) { return; } // 如果传入参数name, 则移除一个或多个数据 if ( name ) { thisCache = pvt ? cache[ id ] : cache[ id ].data; if ( thisCache ) { // 只有数据缓存对象thisCache存在时，才有必要移除数据 // Support array or space separated string names for data keys if ( !jQuery.isArray( name ) ) { // try the string as a key before any manipulation if ( name in thisCache ) { name = [ name ]; } else { // split the camel cased version by spaces unless a key with the spaces exists name = jQuery.camelCase( name ); if ( name in thisCache ) { name = [ name ]; } else { name = name.split( " " ); } } } // 遍历参数name中的数据名，用运算符delete逐个从数据缓存对象thisCache中移除 for ( i = 0, l = name.length; i < l; i++ ) { delete thisCache[ name[i] ]; } // If there is no data left in the cache, we want to continue // and let the cache object itself get destroyed if ( !( pvt ? isEmptyDataObject : jQuery.isEmptyObject )( thisCache ) ) { return; } } } // See jQuery.data for more information // 删除自定义数据缓存对象cache[id].data if ( !pvt ) { delete cache[ id ].data; // Don't destroy the parent cache unless the internal data object // had been the only thing left in it if ( !isEmptyDataObject(cache[ id ]) ) { return; } } // Browsers that fail expando deletion also refuse to delete expandos on // the window, but it will allow it on all other JS objects; other browsers // don't care // Ensure that `cache` is not a window object #10080 // 删除数据缓存对象cache[id] if ( jQuery.support.deleteExpando || !cache.setInterval ) { delete cache[ id ]; } else { cache[ id ] = null; } // We destroyed the cache and need to eliminate the expando on the node to avoid // false lookups in the cache for entries that no longer exist // 删除DOM元素上扩展的jQuery.expando属性 if ( isNode ) { // IE does not allow us to delete expando properties from nodes, // nor does it have a removeAttribute function on Document nodes; // we must handle all of these cases if ( jQuery.support.deleteExpando ) { delete elem[ internalKey ]; } else if ( elem.removeAttribute ) { elem.removeAttribute( internalKey ); } else { elem[ internalKey ] = null; } } }});jQuery.fn.extend({ removeData: function( key ) { return this.each(function() { jQuery.removeData( this, key ); }); }});// checks a cache object for emptinessfunction isEmptyDataObject( obj ) { for ( var name in obj ) { // if the public data object is empty, the private is still empty if ( name === "data" && jQuery.isEmptyObject( obj[name] ) ) { continue; } if ( name !== "toJSON" ) { return false; } } return true;}六、$.hasData(elem)
使用方法：
<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>jQuery.hasData demo</title> <script class="lazy" data-src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script></head><body><p>Results: </p><script>var $p = jQuery( "p" ), p = $p[ 0 ];$p.append( jQuery.hasData( p ) + " " ); // false$.data( p, "testing", 123 );$p.append( jQuery.hasData( p ) + " " ); // true$.removeData( p, "testing" );$p.append( jQuery.hasData( p ) + " " ); // false$p.on( "click", function() {} );$p.append( jQuery.hasData( p ) + " " ); // true$p.off( "click" );$p.append( jQuery.hasData( p ) + " " ); // false</script></body></html>$.hasData(elem) 源码解析：$.extend({ hasData: function( elem ) { elem = elem.nodeType ? jQuery.cache[ elem[jQuery.expando] ] : elem[ jQuery.expando ]; return !!elem && !isEmptyDataObject( elem ); // 如果关联的数据缓存对象存在，并且含有数据，则返回true, 否则返回false。 这里用两个逻辑非运算符! 把变量elem转换为布尔值 }});关于“jQuery中数据缓存$.data怎么使用”的内容就介绍到这里了，感谢大家的阅读。如果想了解更多行业相关的知识，可以关注编程网行业资讯频道，小编每天都会为大家更新不同的知识点。
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