JavaScript数据结构之单链表和循环链表的示例分析
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链表是一种物理存储单元上非线性、非连续性的数据结构(它在数据逻辑上是线性的),它的每个节点由两个域组成:数据域和指针域。数据域中存储实际数据,指针域则存储着指针信息,指向链表中的下一个元素或者上一个元素。正是由于指针的存在,链表的存储在物理单元是非连续性的。
链表的优点和缺点同样明显。和线性表相比,链表在添加和删除节点上的效率更高,因为其只需要修改指针信息即可完成操作,而不像线性表(数组)那样需要移动元素。同样的,链表的长度在理论上也是无限的(在存储器容量范围内),并可以动态变化长度,相比线性表优势很大。 相应的,由于线性表无法随机访问节点,只能通过指针顺着链表进行遍历查询来访问,故其访问数据元素的效率比较低。
下面是JS部分
这里面封装了的常用方法及描述:
方法 | 描述 |
---|---|
append(element) | 向链表尾部添加结点element |
insert(position,element) | 向位置position处插入结点element |
removeAt(position) | 按照索引值position删除结点 |
remove(element) | 搜索并删除给定结点element |
remove() | 删除链表中最后一个结点 |
indexOf(element) | 查找并返回给定结点element的索引值 |
isEmpty() | 判断链表是否为空 |
size() | 获取链表长度 |
toString() | 转换为字符串输出 |
getHead() | 获取头结点 |
getTail() | 获取尾结点 |
对于各常用方法的算法描述在这里就不写了,相信大家都可以轻易读懂并理解,毕竟都是非常基础的知识了。
单链表:
function LinkedList(){
var Node = function(element){
this.element = element; //存放节点内容
this.next = null; //指针
}
var length = 0, //存放链表长度
head = null; //头指针
this.append = function(element){
var node = new Node(element),
current; //操作所用指针
if (!head){
head = node;
}else {
current = head;
while(current.next){
current = current.next;
}
current.next = node;
}
length++;
return true;
};
this.insert = function(position, element){
if (position >= 0 && position <= length) {
var node = new Node(element),
current = head,
previous,
index = 0;
if(position === 0){
node.next = current;
head = node;
}else{
while(index++ < position){
previous = current;
current = current.next;
}
node.next = current;
previous.next = node;
}
length++;
return true;
}else{
return false;
}
};
this.removeAt = function(position){
if(position > -1 && position < length){
var current = head,
previous,
index = 0;
if (position === 0) {
head = current.next;
}else{
while (index++ < position){
previous = current;
current = current.next;
}
previous.next = current.next;
};
length--;
return current.element;
}else{
return null;
}
};
this.remove = function(element){
var current = head,
previous;
if(element === current.element){
head = current.next;
length--;
return true;
}
previous = current;
current = current.next;
while(current){
if(element === current.element){
previous.next = current.next;
length--;
return true;
}else{
previous = current;
current = current.next;
}
}
return false;
};
this.remove = function(){
if(length < 1){
return false;
}
var current = head,
previous;
if(length == 1){
head = null;
length--;
return current.element;
}
while(current.next !== null){
previous = current;
current = current.next;
}
previous.next = null;
length--;
return current.element;
};
this.indexOf = function(element){
var current = head,
index = 0;
while(current){
if(element === current.element){
return index;
}
index++;
current = current.next;
}
return false;
};
this.isEmpty = function(){
return length === 0;
};
this.size = function(){
return length;
};
this.toString = function(){
var current = head,
string = '';
while(current){
string += current.element;
current = current.next;
}
return string;
};
this.getHead = function(){
return head;
}
}
循环链表:在单链表的基础上,将尾节点的指针指向头结点,就构成了一个循环链表。环形链表从任意一个节点开始,都可以遍历整个链表。
function CircularLinkedList(){
var Node = function(element){
this.element = element;
this.next = null;
}
var length = 0,
head = null;
this.append = function(element){
var node = new Node(element),
current;
if (!head) {
head = node;
node.next = head;
}else{
current = head;
while(current.next !== head){
current = current.next;
}
current.next = node;
node.next = head;
};
length++;
return true;
};
this.insert = function(position, element){
if(position > -1 && position < length){
var node = new Node(element),
index = 0,
current = head,
previous;
if (position === 0) {
node.next = head;
head = node;
}else{
while(index++ < position){
previous = current;
current = current.next;
}
previous.next = node;
node.next = current;
};
length++;
return true;
}else{
return false;
}
};
this.removeAt = function(position){
if(position > -1 && position < length){
var current = head,
previous,
index = 0;
if (position === 0) {
head = current.next;
}else{
while (index++ < position){
previous = current;
current = current.next;
}
previous.next = current.next;
};
length--;
return current.element;
}else{
return null;
}
};
this.remove = function (element){
var current = head,
previous,
indexCheck = 0;
while(current && indexCheck < length){
if(current.element === element){
if(indexCheck == 0){
head = current.next;
length--;
return true;
}else{
previous.next = current.next;
length--;
return true;
}
}else{
previous = current;
current = current.next;
indexCheck++;
}
}
return false;
};
this.remove = function(){
if(length === 0){
return false;
}
var current = head,
previous,
indexCheck = 0;
if(length === 1){
head = null;
length--;
return current.element;
}
while(indexCheck++ < length){
previous = current;
current = current.next;
}
previous.next = head;
length--;
return current.element;
};
this.indexOf = function(element){
var current = head,
index = 0;
while(current && index < length){
if(current.element === element){
return index;
}else{
index++;
current = current.next;
}
}
return false;
};
this.isEmpty = function(){
return length === 0;
};
this.size = function(){
return length;
};
this.toString = function(){
var current = head,
string = '',
indexCheck = 0;
while(current && indexCheck < length){
string += current.element;
current = current.next;
indexCheck++;
}
return string;
};
}
使用方法:
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