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oracle中extents

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oracle中extents

oracle中extents


特性:


1:一个extent由相连的多个blocks组成,多个extents组成一个segment,


2:oracle在为segment分配空间时,是以extent为单位


因此extents带来的好处:


1:空间分配、释放效率将会提升
    oracle建议一个segment的extents数量一般不要超过1024,而对于big table可能包含上千万个block,如果没有extent,那么oracle就要分配上千万个block,而有了extent,只要分配上千个extents就行。extent表示大量的blocks效率很高,extent并不列出所有的block,而是列出起始两个block(因为extent是联系的,起始block就能定位一个extent),oracle分配空间的时间与extents的数目呈比例,与blocks数目没有很大关系。同理,在释放空间时,extent一样可以提高操作的效率。


    对字典管理的表空间,extent作用很明显,如果没有extent,数据字典中必须记录各个block,如果big table占用上千万个block,那么数据字典也会大量占用,假设数据字典会占用上百万个block,分配或释放这些big table时,还要对这些上百万block的数据字典插入会删除,岂不会额外添加很多工作,


2:全表扫描
在进行全表扫描时,利用extent包含联系blocks的特性,可以一次读出多个字段,这样就能大大减少物理IO,极大提高扫描的效率。


extent带来的负面作用:
表空间碎片:
如果没有extent,oracle在给segment分配空间时以block为单位,而block总是一样大的,典型的8k,16k,这时每个block都可以得到利用。有了extent,extent就是最小的分配单元,而extent的大小并不总是相等的,假设开始的的三个segment都很小,extent也不大,例如10个blocks,如果第二个的segment释放后,在中间的那个10block就空闲出来,但是如果以后segment都要求分配至少20个block的extent时,那么这10blocks的空闲空间就得不到利用,在极端情况下,表空间由1000个10block的空闲,但无法分配20block的extent。exp/imp能消除碎片,本地管理的表空间对连续的碎片有自动处理的能力,但对不连续的碎片无能为力。


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oracle中extents

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