1、ASPP模型结构

空洞空间卷积池化金字塔（atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP)）通过对于输入的特征以不同的采样率进行采样，即从不同尺度提取输入特征，然后将所获取的特征进行融合，得到最终的特征提取结果。

2、CBAM结构

CBAM包含CAM（Channel Attention Module）和SAM（Spartial Attention Module）两个子模块，分别在通道上和空间上添加注意力机制。这样不仅可以节约参数和计算力，而且保证了其能够做为即插即用的模块集成到现有的网络架构中去。
CBAM代码如下：

import torchimport torch.nn as nnclass CBAMLayer(nn.Module):    def __init__(self, channel, reduction=16, spatial_kernel=7):        super(CBAMLayer, self).__init__()        # channel attention 压缩H,W为1        self.max_pool = nn.AdaptiveMaxPool2d(1)        self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)        # shared MLP        self.mlp = nn.Sequential(            # Conv2d比Linear方便操作            # nn.Linear(channel, channel // reduction, bias=False)            nn.Conv2d(channel, channel // reduction, 1, bias=False),            # inplace=True直接替换，节省内存            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),            # nn.Linear(channel // reduction, channel,bias=False)            nn.Conv2d(channel // reduction, channel, 1, bias=False)        )        # spatial attention        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(2, 1, kernel_size=spatial_kernel,  padding=spatial_kernel // 2, bias=False)        self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()    def forward(self, x):        max_out = self.mlp(self.max_pool(x))        avg_out = self.mlp(self.avg_pool(x))        channel_out = self.sigmoid(max_out + avg_out)        x = channel_out * x        max_out, _ = torch.max(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)        # print('max_out:',max_out.shape)        avg_out = torch.mean(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)        # print('avg_out:',avg_out.shape)        a=torch.cat([max_out, avg_out], dim=1)        # print('a:',a.shape)        spatial_out = self.sigmoid(self.conv(torch.cat([max_out, avg_out], dim=1)))        # print('spatial:',spatial_out.shape)        x = spatial_out * x        # print('x:',x.shape)        return x

（如果要直接使用下面的CBAM_ASPP改进代码，建议将这块代码新建py文件保存，然后在CBAM_ASPP所在python文件中导入CBAMLayer类）

3、改进ASPP:CBAM_ASPP结构

该改进方式与之前的SE_ASPP改进方式相同（感兴趣的可以点击了解SE_ASPP），也是把CBAM产生的权重值与原本输入的各个特征进行相乘，作为输入特征，可以直接使用。代码如下

class (nn.Module):                       ##加入通道注意力机制    def __init__(self, dim_in, dim_out, rate=1, bn_mom=0.1):        super(CBAM_ASPP, self).__init__()        self.branch1 = nn.Sequential(            nn.Conv2d(dim_in, dim_out, 1, 1, padding=0, dilation=rate, bias=True),            nn.BatchNorm2d(dim_out, momentum=bn_mom),            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),        )        self.branch2 = nn.Sequential(            nn.Conv2d(dim_in, dim_out, 3, 1, padding=6 * rate, dilation=6 * rate, bias=True),            nn.BatchNorm2d(dim_out, momentum=bn_mom),            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),        )        self.branch3 = nn.Sequential(            nn.Conv2d(dim_in, dim_out, 3, 1, padding=12 * rate, dilation=12 * rate, bias=True),            nn.BatchNorm2d(dim_out, momentum=bn_mom),            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),        )        self.branch4 = nn.Sequential(            nn.Conv2d(dim_in, dim_out, 3, 1, padding=18 * rate, dilation=18 * rate, bias=True),            nn.BatchNorm2d(dim_out, momentum=bn_mom),            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),        )        self.branch5_conv = nn.Conv2d(dim_in, dim_out, 1, 1, 0, bias=True)        self.branch5_bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(dim_out, momentum=bn_mom)        self.branch5_relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)        self.conv_cat = nn.Sequential(            nn.Conv2d(dim_out * 5, dim_out, 1, 1, padding=0, bias=True),            nn.BatchNorm2d(dim_out, momentum=bn_mom),            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),        )        # print('dim_in:',dim_in)        # print('dim_out:',dim_out)        self.cbam=CBAMLayer(channel=dim_out*5)    def forward(self, x):        [b, c, row, col] = x.size()        conv1x1 = self.branch1(x)        conv3x3_1 = self.branch2(x)        conv3x3_2 = self.branch3(x)        conv3x3_3 = self.branch4(x)        global_feature = torch.mean(x, 2, True)        global_feature = torch.mean(global_feature, 3, True)        global_feature = self.branch5_conv(global_feature)        global_feature = self.branch5_bn(global_feature)        global_feature = self.branch5_relu(global_feature)        global_feature = F.interpolate(global_feature, (row, col), None, 'bilinear', True)        feature_cat = torch.cat([conv1x1, conv3x3_1, conv3x3_2, conv3x3_3, global_feature], dim=1)        # print('feature:',feature_cat.shape)        # 加入cbam注意力机制        cbamaspp=self.cbam(feature_cat)        result1=self.conv_cat(cbamaspp)        return result

Reference

[1].Z. Zhu et al., “Semantic Segmentation of FOD Using an Improved Deeplab V3+ Model,” 2022 12th International Conference on CYBER Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER), 2022, pp. 791-796, doi: 10.1109/CYBER55403.2022.9907730.
[2].Woo, S., Park, J., Lee, JY., Kweon, I.S. (2018). CBAM: Convolutional Block Attention Module. In: Ferrari, V., Hebert, M., Sminchisescu, C., Weiss, Y. (eds) Computer Vision – ECCV 2018. ECCV 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11211. Springer, Cham.

来源地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45014374/article/details/127782301