前言

前几天升级Xcode到14.3版本，运行项目报错，于是写了iOS问题记录 - Xcode 14.3版本运行项目报错这篇文章。没想到除了运行项目有问题，打包项目也有问题。

开发环境

• macOS: 13.3
• Xcode: 14.3
• CocoaPods: 1.12.0

问题描述

[Xcode菜单栏] -> [Product] -> [Archive]，进行打包操作。执行到Run custom shell script '[CP] Embed Pods Frameworks'时报错，报错相关日志如下：

Symlinked...rsync --delete -av --filter P .*.?????? --links --filter "- CVS/" --filter "- .svn/" --filter "- .git/" --filter "- .hg/" --filter "- Headers" --filter "- PrivateHeaders" --filter "- Modules" "../../../IntermediateBuildFilesPath/UninstalledProducts/iphoneos/xxx.framework" "/Users/xxx/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/app-dukdzczlzijlklamofogqicmtktj/Build/Intermediates.noindex/ArchiveIntermediates/app/InstallationBuildProductsLocation/Applications/app.app/Frameworks"building file list ... rsync: link_stat "xxx/../../../IntermediateBuildFilesPath/UninstalledProducts/iphoneos/xxx.framework" failed: No such file or directory(2)rsync error: some files could not be transferred (code 23) at /AppleInternal/Library/BuildRoots/97f6331a-ba75-11ed-a4bc-863efbbaf80d/Library/Caches/com.apple.xbs/Sources/rsync/rsync/main.c(996) [sender=2.6.9]Command PhaseScriptExecution failed with a nonzero exit code

问题分析

从报错信息看，是因为文件或目录找不到报错。因为项目有改动，所以暂时不确定是不是Xcode 14.3版本的原因。找到一台装有14.2版本的电脑，拉取最新代码后执行打包操作，一切正常！那看来这锅Xcode得背，接下来就是找到具体原因和解决办法。

首先要确定这个错误是在执行什么代码的时候出现的，才能进一步分析。

找到Run custom shell script '[CP] Embed Pods Frameworks'的右侧按钮，展开详情：

可以看到执行的shell脚本路径是：

/Users/xxx/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/app-dukdzczlzijlklamofogqicmtktj/Build/Intermediates.noindex/ArchiveIntermediates/app/IntermediateBuildFilesPath/app.build/Release-iphoneos/app.build/Script-8D57CFCFEA49D25397FFD044.sh

shell脚本内容：

#!/bin/sh"${PODS_ROOT}/Target Support Files/Pods-app/Pods-app-frameworks.sh"

PODS_ROOT的值是什么呢？你可能会想，直接在shell脚本中加上一行echo "${PODS_ROOT}"不就知道了？不行的，每次执行打包操作都会重新生成这个shell脚本，改动不会生效。其实会执行这个自定义shell脚本，是因为在这有设置：

PODS_ROOT的定义在这：

验证这个很简单，只需要在这加上一行echo "${PODS_ROOT}"：

重新执行打包操作，你会发现生成的shell脚本中也多了这一行：

#!/bin/shecho "${PODS_ROOT}""${PODS_ROOT}/Target Support Files/Pods-app/Pods-app-frameworks.sh"

同时在打包输出日志中也正常打印出PODS_ROOT的值。不知道有没有人和我有一样的疑问，生成的shell脚本中并没有导入其他shell脚本或定义PODS_ROOT，那么这个常量怎么来的？不难猜，PODS_ROOT应该来自环境变量。老办法，加上env命令打印一下环境变量：

重新执行打包操作，会打印一大堆环境变量，这里就不一一列出。看打印出来的环境变量，构建设置基本都在里面（没有一个个具体验证）。大致可以得出结论，在构建项目时，Xcode会把构建设置设为临时环境变量。

继续往下分析，找到Pods-app-frameworks.sh文件，根据报错相关日志，报错应该发生在install_framework函数中：

# Copies and strips a vendored frameworkinstall_framework(){  if [ -r "${BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR}/$1" ]; then    local source="${BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR}/$1"  elif [ -r "${BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR}/$(basename "$1")" ]; then    local source="${BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR}/$(basename "$1")"  elif [ -r "$1" ]; then    local source="$1"  fi  local destination="${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH}"  if [ -L "${source}" ]; then    echo "Symlinked..."    source="$(readlink "${source}")"  fi  if [ -d "${source}/${BCSYMBOLMAP_DIR}" ]; then    # Locate and install any .bcsymbolmaps if present, and remove them from the .framework before the framework is copied    find "${source}/${BCSYMBOLMAP_DIR}" -name "*.bcsymbolmap"|while read f; do      echo "Installing $f"      install_bcsymbolmap "$f" "$destination"      rm "$f"    done    rmdir "${source}/${BCSYMBOLMAP_DIR}"  fi  # Use filter instead of exclude so missing patterns don't throw errors.  echo "rsync --delete -av "${RSYNC_PROTECT_TMP_FILES[@]}" --links --filter \"- CVS/\" --filter \"- .svn/\" --filter \"- .git/\" --filter \"- .hg/\" --filter \"- Headers\" --filter \"- PrivateHeaders\" --filter \"- Modules\" \"${source}\" \"${destination}\""  rsync --delete -av "${RSYNC_PROTECT_TMP_FILES[@]}" --links --filter "- CVS/" --filter "- .svn/" --filter "- .git/" --filter "- .hg/" --filter "- Headers" --filter "- PrivateHeaders" --filter "- Modules" "${source}" "${destination}"  local basename  basename="$(basename -s .framework "$1")"  binary="${destination}/${basename}.framework/${basename}"  if ! [ -r "$binary" ]; then    binary="${destination}/${basename}"  elif [ -L "${binary}" ]; then    echo "Destination binary is symlinked..."    dirname="$(dirname "${binary}")"    binary="${dirname}/$(readlink "${binary}")"  fi  # Strip invalid architectures so "fat" simulator / device frameworks work on device  if [[ "$(file "$binary")" == *"dynamically linked shared library"* ]]; then    strip_invalid_archs "$binary"  fi  # Resign the code if required by the build settings to avoid unstable apps  code_sign_if_enabled "${destination}/$(basename "$1")"  # Embed linked Swift runtime libraries. No longer necessary as of Xcode 7.  if [ "${XCODE_VERSION_MAJOR}" -lt 7 ]; then    local swift_runtime_libs    swift_runtime_libs=$(xcrun otool -LX "$binary" | grep --color=never @rpath/libswift | sed -E s/@rpath\\/\(.+dylib\).*/\\1/g | uniq -u)    for lib in $swift_runtime_libs; do      echo "rsync -auv \"${SWIFT_STDLIB_PATH}/${lib}\" \"${destination}\""      rsync -auv "${SWIFT_STDLIB_PATH}/${lib}" "${destination}"      code_sign_if_enabled "${destination}/${lib}"    done  fi}

执行rsync --delete...命令的时候，source变量的路径有问题。修改Pods-app-frameworks.sh文件，增加一些日志打印用于追踪source变量的变化。经测试，在执行source="$(readlink "${source}")"之前，source变量中的路径是绝对路径：

/Users/xxx/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/app-dukdzczlzijlklamofogqicmtktj/Build/Intermediates.noindex/ArchiveIntermediates/app/BuildProductsPath/Release-iphoneos/SDWebImage/SDWebImage.framework

执行后，变为相对路径：

../../../IntermediateBuildFilesPath/UninstalledProducts/iphoneos/SDWebImage.framework

通过访达的前往文件夹功能，找到绝对路径所指向的位置：

SDWebImage.framework是一个替身（软链接/符号链接）。在SDWebImage目录路径下执行ls -l查看实际指向的路径：

lrwxr-xr-x  1 xxx  staff  85 Apr  7 20:23 SDWebImage.framework -> ../../../IntermediateBuildFilesPath/UninstalledProducts/iphoneos/SDWebImage.frameworkdrwxr-xr-x  3 xxx  staff  96 Apr  7 20:23 SDWebImage.framework.dSYM

看来readlink命令的作用就是获取软连接所指向的实际路径，那这路径为什么报错呢？有对比才能找到问题所在，同样的项目用Xcode 14.2版本执行打包操作，在SDWebImage目录路径下执行ls -l查看实际指向的路径：

lrwxr-xr-x  1 xxx  staff  212 Apr  7 20:30 SDWebImage.framework -> /Users/xxx/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/app-dukdzczlzijlklamofogqicmtktj/Build/Intermediates.noindex/ArchiveIntermediates/app/IntermediateBuildFilesPath/UninstalledProducts/iphoneos/SDWebImage.frameworkdrwxr-xr-x  3 xxx  staff   96 Apr  7 20:30 SDWebImage.framework.dSYM

这么一对比，原因总算是找到了。Xcode 14.3版本构建时将软链接所指向的绝对路径改为了相对路径，导致找不到文件或目录。

那么该怎么修复呢？可以先看看readlink命令的文档，使用man（manual）命令查看：

man readlink

执行命令后得到的文档（省略部分）：

NAME     stat, readlink – display file statusSYNOPSIS     stat [-FLnq] [-f format | -l | -r | -s | -x] [-t timefmt] [file ...]     readlink [-fn] [file ...]DESCRIPTION     The stat utility displays information about the file pointed to by file.  Read, write, or execute permissions of the named file are not required, but all directories listed in the pathname     leading to the file must be searchable.  If no argument is given, stat displays information about the file descriptor for standard input.     When invoked as readlink, only the target of the symbolic link is printed.  If the given argument is not a symbolic link and the -f option is not specified, readlink will print nothing and     exit with an error.  If the -f option is specified, the output is canonicalized by following every symlink in every component of the given path recursively.  readlink will resolve both     absolute and relative paths, and return the absolute pathname corresponding to file.  In this case, the argument does not need to be a symbolic link.     The information displayed is obtained by calling lstat(2) with the given argument and evaluating the returned structure.  The default format displays the st_dev, st_ino, st_mode, st_nlink,     st_uid, st_gid, st_rdev, st_size, st_atime, st_mtime, st_ctime, st_birthtime, st_blksize, st_blocks, and st_flags fields, in that order....

输入q退出文档查看。readlink命令参数不多，其中有个-f参数，这个参数的作用是递归找到第一个真实文件并返回该文件的绝对路径（个人理解）。举个例子🌰，假设A是真实文件，执行ln -s A B命令创建软链接B，执行ln -s B C命令创建软链接C，readlink C命令获取的是B，readlink -f C命令获取的是A的绝对路径。

修改install_framework函数中的readlink命令，加上-f参数。重新执行打包操作，打包成功！分析到这，问题似乎已经解决，可是当我执行完pod install命令后，Pods-app-frameworks.sh的文件内容又恢复原状了。这么看来，每次执行pod install命令都会重新生成Pods-app-frameworks.sh文件，那如果能找到生成文件的代码，在源头修改不就能解决吗？

不得不说macOS的可视化搜索真的不好用，电脑上的隐藏文件已经设置为显示，以install_framework为关键词搜索，搜不到有用的信息。没办法，只好用grep命令来搜索：

grep -R install_framework ~

-R表示递归搜索指定目录（~）下的全部文件，这里对用户目录进行搜索，如果你已经确定CocoaPods包所在目录，则可以指定更详细的目录路径加快搜索。搜索后，找到关键的文件路径：

/Users/xxx/.rvm/gems/ruby-3.0.0/gems/cocoapods-1.12.0/lib/cocoapods/generator/embed_frameworks_script.rb

embed_frameworks_script.rb文件内容：

require 'cocoapods/xcode'module Pod  module Generator    class EmbedFrameworksScript      # @return [Hash{String => Array}] Multiple lists of frameworks per      #         configuration.      #      attr_reader :frameworks_by_config      # @return [Hash{String => Array}] Multiple lists of frameworks per      #         configuration.      #      attr_reader :xcframeworks_by_config      # @param  [Hash{String => Array] frameworks_by_config      #         @see #frameworks_by_config      #      # @param  [Hash{String => Array] xcframeworks_by_config      #         @see #xcframeworks_by_config      #      def initialize(frameworks_by_config, xcframeworks_by_config)        @frameworks_by_config = frameworks_by_config        @xcframeworks_by_config = xcframeworks_by_config      end      # Saves the resource script to the given pathname.      #      # @param  [Pathname] pathname      #         The path where the embed frameworks script should be saved.      #      # @return [void]      #      def save_as(pathname)        pathname.open('w') do |file|          file.puts(script)        end        File.chmod(0755, pathname.to_s)      end      # @return [String] The contents of the embed frameworks script.      #      def generate        script      end      private      # @!group Private Helpers      # @return [String] The contents of the embed frameworks script.      #      def script        script = <<-SH.strip_heredoc#{Pod::Generator::ScriptPhaseConstants::DEFAULT_SCRIPT_PHASE_HEADER}if [ -z ${FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH+x} ]; then  # If FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH is not set, then there's nowhere for us to copy  # frameworks to, so exit 0 (signalling the script phase was successful).  exit 0fiecho "mkdir -p ${CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR}/${FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH}"mkdir -p "${CONFIGURATION_BUILD_DIR}/${FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH}"COCOAPODS_PARALLEL_CODE_SIGN="${COCOAPODS_PARALLEL_CODE_SIGN:-false}"SWIFT_STDLIB_PATH="${DT_TOOLCHAIN_DIR}/usr/lib/swift/${PLATFORM_NAME}"BCSYMBOLMAP_DIR="BCSymbolMaps"#{Pod::Generator::ScriptPhaseConstants::RSYNC_PROTECT_TMP_FILES}# Copies and strips a vendored frameworkinstall_framework(){  if [ -r "${BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR}/$1" ]; then    local source="${BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR}/$1"  elif [ -r "${BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR}/$(basename "$1")" ]; then    local source="${BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR}/$(basename "$1")"  elif [ -r "$1" ]; then    local source="$1"  fi  local destination="${TARGET_BUILD_DIR}/${FRAMEWORKS_FOLDER_PATH}"  if [ -L "${source}" ]; then    echo "Symlinked..."    source="$(readlink "${source}")"  fi  if [ -d "${source}/${BCSYMBOLMAP_DIR}" ]; then    # Locate and install any .bcsymbolmaps if present, and remove them from the .framework before the framework is copied    find "${source}/${BCSYMBOLMAP_DIR}" -name "*.bcsymbolmap"|while read f; do      echo "Installing $f"      install_bcsymbolmap "$f" "$destination"      rm "$f"    done    rmdir "${source}/${BCSYMBOLMAP_DIR}"  fi  # Use filter instead of exclude so missing patterns don't throw errors.  echo "rsync --delete -av "${RSYNC_PROTECT_TMP_FILES[@]}" --links --filter \\"- CVS/\\" --filter \\"- .svn/\\" --filter \\"- .git/\\" --filter \\"- .hg/\\" --filter \\"- Headers\\" --filter \\"- PrivateHeaders\\" --filter \\"- Modules\\" \\"${source}\\" \\"${destination}\\""  rsync --delete -av "${RSYNC_PROTECT_TMP_FILES[@]}" --links --filter "- CVS/" --filter "- .svn/" --filter "- .git/" --filter "- .hg/" --filter "- Headers" --filter "- PrivateHeaders" --filter "- Modules" "${source}" "${destination}"  local basename  basename="$(basename -s .framework "$1")"  binary="${destination}/${basename}.framework/${basename}"  if ! [ -r "$binary" ]; then    binary="${destination}/${basename}"  elif [ -L "${binary}" ]; then    echo "Destination binary is symlinked..."    dirname="$(dirname "${binary}")"    binary="${dirname}/$(readlink "${binary}")"  fi  # Strip invalid architectures so "fat" simulator / device frameworks work on device  if [[ "$(file "$binary")" == *"dynamically linked shared library"* ]]; then    strip_invalid_archs "$binary"  fi  # Resign the code if required by the build settings to avoid unstable apps  code_sign_if_enabled "${destination}/$(basename "$1")"  # Embed linked Swift runtime libraries. No longer necessary as of Xcode 7.  if [ "${XCODE_VERSION_MAJOR}" -lt 7 ]; then    local swift_runtime_libs    swift_runtime_libs=$(xcrun otool -LX "$binary" | grep --color=never @rpath/libswift | sed -E s/@rpath\\\\/\\(.+dylib\\).*/\\\\1/g | uniq -u)    for lib in $swift_runtime_libs; do      echo "rsync -auv \\"${SWIFT_STDLIB_PATH}/${lib}\\" \\"${destination}\\""      rsync -auv "${SWIFT_STDLIB_PATH}/${lib}" "${destination}"      code_sign_if_enabled "${destination}/${lib}"    done  fi}#{Pod::Generator::ScriptPhaseConstants::INSTALL_DSYM_METHOD}#{Pod::Generator::ScriptPhaseConstants::STRIP_INVALID_ARCHITECTURES_METHOD}#{Pod::Generator::ScriptPhaseConstants::INSTALL_BCSYMBOLMAP_METHOD}# Signs a framework with the provided identitycode_sign_if_enabled() {  if [ -n "${EXPANDED_CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY:-}" -a "${CODE_SIGNING_REQUIRED:-}" != "NO" -a "${CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED}" != "NO" ]; then    # Use the current code_sign_identity    echo "Code Signing $1 with Identity ${EXPANDED_CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY_NAME}"    local code_sign_cmd="/usr/bin/codesign --force --sign ${EXPANDED_CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY} ${OTHER_CODE_SIGN_FLAGS:-} --preserve-metadata=identifier,entitlements '$1'"    if [ "${COCOAPODS_PARALLEL_CODE_SIGN}" == "true" ]; then      code_sign_cmd="$code_sign_cmd &"    fi    echo "$code_sign_cmd"    eval "$code_sign_cmd"  fi}        SH        contents_by_config = Hash.new do |hash, key|          hash[key] = ''        end        frameworks_by_config.each do |config, frameworks|          frameworks.each do |framework|            contents_by_config[config] << %(  install_framework "#{framework.source_path}"\n)          end        end        xcframeworks_by_config.each do |config, xcframeworks|          xcframeworks.select { |xcf| xcf.build_type.dynamic_framework? }.each do |xcframework|            target_name = xcframework.target_name            name = xcframework.name            contents_by_config[config] << %(  install_framework "#{Target::BuildSettings::XCFRAMEWORKS_BUILD_DIR_VARIABLE}/#{target_name}/#{name}.framework"\n)          end        end        script << "\n" unless contents_by_config.empty?        contents_by_config.keys.sort.each do |config|          contents = contents_by_config[config]          next if contents.empty?          script << %(if [[ "$CONFIGURATION" == "#{config}" ]]; then\n)          script << contents          script << "fi\n"        end        script << <<-SH.strip_heredoc        if [ "${COCOAPODS_PARALLEL_CODE_SIGN}" == "true" ]; then          wait        fi        SH        script      end      # @param  [Xcode::FrameworkPaths] framework_path      #         the framework path containing the dSYM      #      # @return [String, Nil] the name of the dSYM binary, if found      #      def dsym_binary_name(framework_path)        return nil if framework_path.dsym_path.nil?        if (path = Pathname.glob(framework_path.dsym_path.join('Contents/Resources/DWARF', '**/*')).first)          File.basename(path)        end      end    end  endend

关键代码是script方法，方法内部可以分为两部分：

• 第一部分是<<-SH.strip_heredoc...SH，这是一个多行字符串（heredoc），用于生成一些比较固定的内容。在Ruby语法中，多行字符串一般这样表示<（XXX可以自定义，前后保持一致），加-是为了字符串内能缩进，strip_heredoc方法用于删除多余的缩进
• 第二部分从contents_by_config = Hash.new do |hash, key|到方法结束，这部分代码会根据项目依赖的Pod库生成类似这样的内容：

if [[ "$CONFIGURATION" == "Debug" ]]; then  install_framework "${BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR}/SDWebImage/SDWebImage.framework"fiif [[ "$CONFIGURATION" == "Release" ]]; then  install_framework "${BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR}/SDWebImage/SDWebImage.framework"fiif [ "${COCOAPODS_PARALLEL_CODE_SIGN}" == "true" ]; then  waitfi

post_install do |installer|  installer.pods_project.targets.each do |target|    shell_script_path = "Pods/Target Support Files/#{target.name}/#{target.name}-frameworks.sh"    if File::exists?(shell_script_path)      shell_script_input_lines = File.readlines(shell_script_path)      shell_script_output_lines = shell_script_input_lines.map { |line| line.sub("source=\"$(readlink \"${source}\")\"", "source=\"$(readlink -f \"${source}\")\"") }      File.open(shell_script_path, 'w') do |f|        shell_script_output_lines.each do |line|          f.write line        end      end    end  endend

post_install do |installer|  installer.pods_project.targets.each do |target|    shell_script_path = "Pods/Target Support Files/#{target.name}/#{target.name}-frameworks.sh"    if File::exists?(shell_script_path)      shell_script_input_lines = File.readlines(shell_script_path)      shell_script_output_lines = shell_script_input_lines.map { |line| line.sub("source=\"$(readlink \"${source}\")\"", "source=\"$(readlink -f \"${source}\")\"") }      File.open(shell_script_path, 'w') do |f|        shell_script_output_lines.each do |line|          f.write line        end      end    end  endend

undefined method `exists?' for File:Class