用Python的requests库实现自动上传文件
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女朋友下班后听她吐槽自己领导安排了一件又要让她加班的工作。大致任务是：在公司网址上为近10万客户上传签订的合同的基础信息并上传对应的资料附件。月底前必须完成，人工一天才传了1000左右，按这个节奏根本完不成。
为了不让她加班，这边写了一个小脚本来实现自动上传。
思路：抓取对应上传资料接口，分析出接口入参，通过读取Excel里的数据，用Python的requests库来调用接口传入实现。
准备工作
- 需安装Python的requests、xlrd库
pip install requestspip install xlrd==1.2.0 # xlrd2.0.1版本以后不支持.xlsx格式- 附件和客户资料汇总文档（已有，只需按接口上传格式整理下即可）
一、整理接口文档（F12或fiddler工具）
使用F12开发者工具或者fiddler工具（fiddler使用教程）抓取接口的URL、请求头、入参、出参
根据抓取的接口信息把需上传的信息整理成对应文档格式
二、编写脚本
1. 通过xlrd读取Excel
读取Excel数据，以标题作为字典的key,按每行数据拼接出入参数据，
返回格式[{“a”:“a值”,…},{“a”:“a值”,…},…]方便后续传参读取。
def get_data(self, file): """ 读取Excel数据，以标题作为字典的key,按每行数据拼接出入参数据， 返回格式[{"a":"a值",....},{"a":"a值",....},....] :param file: 文档 :return: [{"a":"a值",....},{"a":"a值",....},....] """ e = xlrd.open_workbook(file) sheet = e.sheet_by_index(0) lists = [] key = sheet.row_values(0) for i in range(1, sheet.nrows): value = sheet.row_values(i) dic = {} for j in range(sheet.ncols): dic[key[j]] = value[j] lists.append(dic) return lists2.读取Excel数据的附件名，判断对应路径是否存在对应附件。
判断是否对应附件存在，存在就返回：实际附件路径和附件名，否则返回：null
def get_file(self, files, path): """ 通过附件名查看是否附件存在 :param files: 附件名 :param path: 附件存放路径 :return: 附件路径dirpath, 附件名flie_name """ dirpath, flie_name = '', '' for dirpath, dirs, filenames in os.walk(path): for v in range(len(filenames)): if filenames[v].find(files) != -1: flie_name = filenames[v] break else: flie_name = 'null' return dirpath, flie_name3.编写调用上传接口
循环获取Excel文档里的参数，作为请求入参的data，读取附件内容并上传。
注意点：
①附件格式传入对应类型是不同的：jpg、jpeg、pdf、doc、docx、zip、rar
②如果接口需要cookie的获取、cookie有效期
if ext == '.jpg': file_type = 'image/jpeg'elif ext == '.jpeg': file_type = 'image/jpeg'elif ext == '.pdf': file_type = 'application/pdf'elif ext == '.doc': file_type = 'application/msword'elif ext == '.docx': file_type = 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document'elif ext == '.zip': file_type = 'application/x-zip-compressed'elif ext == '.rar': file_type = 'application/octet-stream'循环执行上传，最后判断下接口结果，并记录日志
def execute_api(self, url, file, path, cookie): """ 通过requests调用API上传附件和对应信息 :param url: 接口地址 :param file: 汇总文件名 :param path: 资料附件存放路径 :param cookie: 有效的cookie :return: """ lists = self.get_data(file) for datas in lists: custCode = datas['custCode'] files = datas['files'] del datas['files'] datas.update() datas['classId'] = '19' datas['sendSms'] = 'false' datas['profileSource'] = '1' dirpath, file_name = self.get_file(files, path) results = '' if file_name != 'null': ext = os.path.splitext(file_name)[1] if ext == '.jpg': file_type = 'image/jpeg' elif ext == '.jpeg': file_type = 'image/jpeg' elif ext == '.pdf': file_type = 'application/pdf' elif ext == '.doc': file_type = 'application/msword' elif ext == '.docx': file_type = 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document' elif ext == '.zip': file_type = 'application/x-zip-compressed' elif ext == '.rar': file_type = 'application/octet-stream' else: file_type = '' file_path = dirpath + file_name headers = { 'Cookie': cookie} result = self.s.post(url=url, data=datas, files={ "files": (file_name, open(file_path, "rb"), file_type)}, headers=headers) results = result.text else: results = "文件不存在" with open('err_log.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(f'{custCode}' + ',' + results + '\n') ex = '"success":true' if ex in results: r = f'{custCode}:上传成功' else: r = f'{custCode}:上传失败' print(r + ',' + results) with open('log.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(r + '\n')全部源码代码
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import osimport requestsimport xlrdclass Test: def __init__(self): self.s = requests.session() def get_data(self, file): """ 读取Excel数据，以标题作为字典的key,按每行数据拼接出入参数据， 返回格式[{"a":"a值",....},{"a":"a值",....},....] :param file: 文档 :return: [{"a":"a值",....},{"a":"a值",....},....] """ e = xlrd.open_workbook(file) sheet = e.sheet_by_index(0) lists = [] key = sheet.row_values(0) for i in range(1, sheet.nrows): value = sheet.row_values(i) dic = {} for j in range(sheet.ncols): dic[key[j]] = value[j] lists.append(dic) return lists def get_file(self, files, path): """ 通过附件名查看是否附件存在 :param files: 附件名 :param path: 附件存放路径 :return: 附件路径dirpath, 附件名flie_name """ dirpath, flie_name = '', '' for dirpath, dirs, filenames in os.walk(path): for v in range(len(filenames)): if filenames[v].find(files) != -1: flie_name = filenames[v] break else: flie_name = 'null' return dirpath, flie_name def execute_api(self, url, file, path, cookie): """ 通过requests调用API上传附件和对应信息 :param url: 接口地址 :param file: 汇总文件名 :param path: 资料附件存放路径 :param cookie: 有效的cookie :return: """ lists = self.get_data(file) for datas in lists: custCode = datas['custCode'] files = datas['files'] del datas['files'] datas.update() datas['classId'] = '19' datas['sendSms'] = 'false' datas['profileSource'] = '1' dirpath, file_name = self.get_file(files, path) results = '' if file_name != 'null': ext = os.path.splitext(file_name)[1] if ext == '.jpg': file_type = 'image/jpeg' elif ext == '.jpeg': file_type = 'image/jpeg' elif ext == '.pdf': file_type = 'application/pdf' elif ext == '.doc': file_type = 'application/msword' elif ext == '.docx': file_type = 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document' elif ext == '.zip': file_type = 'application/x-zip-compressed' elif ext == '.rar': file_type = 'application/octet-stream' else: file_type = '' file_path = dirpath + file_name headers = { 'Cookie': cookie} result = self.s.post(url=url, data=datas, files={ "files": (file_name, open(file_path, "rb"), file_type)}, headers=headers) results = result.text else: results = "文件不存在" with open('err_log.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(f'{custCode}' + ',' + results + '\n') ex = '"success":true' if ex in results: r = f'{custCode}:上传成功' else: r = f'{custCode}:上传失败' # print(r + ',' + results) with open('log.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(r + '\n') def write_log(self, r): """ 记录接口调用日志 :param r: :return: """ with open('log.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(r + '\n')if __name__ == '__main__': t = Test() # 上传文件接口地址 url = '' # 合同提供资料汇总文件名 file = '提供资料模板.xlsx' # 有效的cookie cookie = '' # 资料附件存放路径 path = r"D:\Projects\test\files\\" t.execute_api(url, file, path, cookie)最后，替换真实的URL、填充模板内容、cookie、附件存放路径，执行脚本，等待执行结束就行啦。
来源地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46157924/article/details/131347179
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