java如何使用预分配法生成唯一ID

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在项目中经常有生成唯一ID的业务需求。作为唯一标识方便后续查找和追踪。网上也有很多实现方案。比如：数据库自增主键，数据库批量生成ID，UUID，时间戳方法，zookeeper生成ID，redis生成唯一ID，snowflake算法等等。这些解决方案各有优缺点。我在游戏项目常用的解决方案是：预分配法生成唯一ID。其原理简单，利于扩展，具有较强的适用性。

预分配法生成唯一ID原理：数据库中存储每种类型最后的预分配dbUniqueId值。数据库实体对象上增加当前分配的
useDbUniqueId。预分配步长DBUNIQUEID_M可根据类型和业务量自定义。当useDbUniqueId大于等于dbUniqueId时就预分配出DBUNIQUEID_M个唯一ID。

角色ID生成：要求7位连续的唯一ID。则DBUNIQUEID_M=1。1000000+dbUniqueId格式化成7位数字。

本服唯一ID：则DBUNIQUEID_M=10000。(1000000+dbUniqueId)*10000+serverId格式化而成。其中serverId游戏服ID定义为4位

全局唯一ID：则DBUNIQUEID_M=10000。((100000000000L+dbUniqueId)100+gameCode10000+workerId;格式化而成。其中gameCode游戏编码定义为2位。

具体实现请参阅代码。非常方便的移植到项目工程中。

IdWorkerEnum.java

package com.game.common.db;import java.util.List;import com.core.enums.LLIndexedEnum;public enum IdWorkerEnum implements LLIndexedEnum{        IDWORKER_HUMANID(1,"角色ID"),        IDWORKER_DBID(2,"数据库ID"),        IDWORKER_CLUBID(3,"工会ID"),        IDWORKER_COLLECTID(4,"收集ID"),;        public final int index;        private final String nameKey;        private static final List<IdWorkerEnum> indexes=LLIndexedEnum.IndexedEnumUtil.toIndexes(IdWorkerEnum.values());    private IdWorkerEnum(int index,String nameKey)    {        this.index=index;        this.nameKey=nameKey;    }        @Override    public int getIndex()    {        return index;    }        public String getNameKey()    {        return this.nameKey;    }        public static IdWorkerEnum valueOf(final int index)    {        return LLIndexedEnum.IndexedEnumUtil.valueOf(indexes,index);    }}

DbUniqueIdEntity.java

package com.game.common.db;import javax.persistence.Column;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.Id;import org.eclipse.persistence.annotations.HashPartitioning;import org.eclipse.persistence.annotations.Partitioned;import com.game.common.db.dao.BaseDbBean;@Entity(name="t_dbUniqueId")@HashPartitioning(name="HashPartitionByDbUniqueCacheId",partitionColumn=@Column(name="dbUniqueCacheId"))@Partitioned("HashPartitionByDbUniqueCacheId")public class DbUniqueIdEntity extends BaseDbBean{        @Id    @Column(length=20)    private long dbUniqueCacheId;        @Column(length=20)    private long dbUniqueId;        @Column(length=20)    private long createTime;    // ////////////////内部数据//////////////////        @Column(length=20)    private long useDbUniqueId;    @Override    public long getId()    {        return dbUniqueCacheId;    }    @Override    public void setId(long id)    {    }    public long getDbUniqueCacheId()    {        return dbUniqueCacheId;    }    public void setDbUniqueCacheId(long dbUniqueCacheId)    {        this.dbUniqueCacheId=dbUniqueCacheId;    }    public long getDbUniqueId()    {        return dbUniqueId;    }    public void setDbUniqueId(long dbUniqueId)    {        this.dbUniqueId=dbUniqueId;    }    public long getCreateTime()    {        return createTime;    }    public void setCreateTime(long createTime)    {        this.createTime=createTime;    }    public long getUseDbUniqueId()    {        return useDbUniqueId;    }    public void setUseDbUniqueId(long useDbUniqueId)    {        this.useDbUniqueId=useDbUniqueId;    }}

IdWorker.java

package com.game.common.db;import com.game.common.Globals;import com.game.common.entityProxy.EntityProxy;import com.game.core.appConfig.AppConfigServ;import com.game.core.utils.LoggerUtils;public class IdWorker{    public final static IdWorker OBJ=new IdWorker(AppConfigServ.OBJ.getAppConfigBean().getServerNo());    private int DBUNIQUEID_M=2000;    private final long workerId;        private DbUniqueIdEntity[] szDbUniqueIdEntity=new DbUniqueIdEntity[5];    public IdWorker(long workerId)    {        this.workerId=workerId;    }        public synchronized long nextId()    {        IdWorkerEnum idWorkerEnum=IdWorkerEnum.IDWORKER_DBID;        int dbUniqueCacheId=idWorkerEnum.getIndex();        loadDbUniqueId(idWorkerEnum);        DbUniqueIdEntity dbUniqueIdEntity=szDbUniqueIdEntity[dbUniqueCacheId];        long dbUniqueId=0;        // 需要重新分配Id:每次分配 M个        if(dbUniqueIdEntity.getUseDbUniqueId()>=dbUniqueIdEntity.getDbUniqueId())        {            dbUniqueIdEntity.setDbUniqueId(dbUniqueIdEntity.getDbUniqueId()+DBUNIQUEID_M);            EntityProxy.OBJ.update((long) dbUniqueCacheId,dbUniqueIdEntity);            LoggerUtils.serverLogger.info("IdWorker DbId:update dbUniqueId="+dbUniqueIdEntity.getDbUniqueId());        }        dbUniqueId=dbUniqueIdEntity.getUseDbUniqueId()+1;        dbUniqueIdEntity.setUseDbUniqueId(dbUniqueId);        // 11位UUID        return (1000000+dbUniqueId)*10000+workerId;    }        public synchronized long nextHumanId()    {        IdWorkerEnum idWorkerEnum=IdWorkerEnum.IDWORKER_HUMANID;        int dbUniqueCacheId=idWorkerEnum.getIndex();        loadDbUniqueId(idWorkerEnum);        DbUniqueIdEntity dbUniqueIdEntity=szDbUniqueIdEntity[dbUniqueCacheId];        long dbUniqueId=0;        // 需要重新分配Id:每次分配 M个        if(dbUniqueIdEntity.getUseDbUniqueId()>=dbUniqueIdEntity.getDbUniqueId())        {            dbUniqueIdEntity.setDbUniqueId(dbUniqueIdEntity.getDbUniqueId()+1);            EntityProxy.OBJ.update((long) dbUniqueCacheId,dbUniqueIdEntity);            LoggerUtils.serverLogger.info("IdWorker HumanId:update dbUniqueId="+dbUniqueIdEntity.getDbUniqueId());        }        dbUniqueId=dbUniqueIdEntity.getUseDbUniqueId()+1;        dbUniqueIdEntity.setUseDbUniqueId(dbUniqueId);        // 7位UUID        return (1000000+dbUniqueId);    }        public synchronized long nextClubId()    {        IdWorkerEnum idWorkerEnum=IdWorkerEnum.IDWORKER_CLUBID;        int dbUniqueCacheId=idWorkerEnum.getIndex();        loadDbUniqueId(idWorkerEnum);        DbUniqueIdEntity dbUniqueIdEntity=szDbUniqueIdEntity[dbUniqueCacheId];        long dbUniqueId=0;        // 需要重新分配Id:每次分配 M个        if(dbUniqueIdEntity.getUseDbUniqueId()>=dbUniqueIdEntity.getDbUniqueId())        {            dbUniqueIdEntity.setDbUniqueId(dbUniqueIdEntity.getDbUniqueId()+1);            EntityProxy.OBJ.update((long) dbUniqueCacheId,dbUniqueIdEntity);            LoggerUtils.serverLogger.info("IdWorker clubId:update dbUniqueId="+dbUniqueIdEntity.getDbUniqueId());        }        dbUniqueId=dbUniqueIdEntity.getUseDbUniqueId()+1;        dbUniqueIdEntity.setUseDbUniqueId(dbUniqueId);        // 5位UUID        return (10000+dbUniqueId);    }        public synchronized long nextCollectId()    {        IdWorkerEnum idWorkerEnum=IdWorkerEnum.IDWORKER_COLLECTID;        int dbUniqueCacheId=idWorkerEnum.getIndex();        loadDbUniqueId(idWorkerEnum);        DbUniqueIdEntity dbUniqueIdEntity=szDbUniqueIdEntity[dbUniqueCacheId];        long dbUniqueId=0;        // 需要重新分配Id:每次分配 M个        if(dbUniqueIdEntity.getUseDbUniqueId()>=dbUniqueIdEntity.getDbUniqueId())        {            dbUniqueIdEntity.setDbUniqueId(dbUniqueIdEntity.getDbUniqueId()+DBUNIQUEID_M);            EntityProxy.OBJ.update((long) dbUniqueCacheId,dbUniqueIdEntity);            LoggerUtils.serverLogger.info("IdWorker DbId:update dbUniqueId="+dbUniqueIdEntity.getDbUniqueId());        }        dbUniqueId=dbUniqueIdEntity.getUseDbUniqueId()+1;        dbUniqueIdEntity.setUseDbUniqueId(dbUniqueId);        // 18位UUID:游戏ID+服务器ID。确保支持多游戏不重复的ID。便于兼容统计        return ((100000000000L+dbUniqueId)*100+AppConfigServ.OBJ.getAppConfigBean().getGameCode())*10000+workerId;    }        public void loadDbUniqueId(IdWorkerEnum idWorkerEnum)    {        int dbUniqueCacheId=idWorkerEnum.getIndex();        if(szDbUniqueIdEntity[dbUniqueCacheId]!=null) return;        DbUniqueIdEntity dbUniqueIdEntity=EntityProxy.OBJ.get((long) dbUniqueCacheId,(long) dbUniqueCacheId,DbUniqueIdEntity.class);        if(dbUniqueIdEntity==null)        {            dbUniqueIdEntity=new DbUniqueIdEntity();            dbUniqueIdEntity.setDbUniqueCacheId(dbUniqueCacheId);            dbUniqueIdEntity.setDbUniqueId(0);            dbUniqueIdEntity.setCreateTime(Globals.getTimeService().now());            dbUniqueIdEntity.setUseDbUniqueId(0);            EntityProxy.OBJ.insert((long) dbUniqueCacheId,dbUniqueIdEntity);        }        dbUniqueIdEntity.setUseDbUniqueId(dbUniqueIdEntity.getDbUniqueId());        szDbUniqueIdEntity[dbUniqueCacheId]=dbUniqueIdEntity;        LoggerUtils.serverLogger.info("IdWorker:load dbUniqueId="+dbUniqueIdEntity.getDbUniqueId());    }}

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