Oracle DG搭建是怎样的

2024-04-02 19:55

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Oracle DG搭建(冷备方式)

(1) 主库：开启归档模式
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=10G;
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/flash';

(2) 主库：开启强制写日志功能
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
SQL> alter database force logging;

(3) 主库：关闭闪回
SQL> select flashback_on from v$database;
SQL> alter database flashback off;

(4) 主库：配置静态监听,配置tnsnames 文件
[oracle@chen ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[oracle@chen admin]$ vi listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=chicago.us.oracle.com)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME=chicago)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = chen.example.com)(PORT = 1521))
)
)

[oracle@chen admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora
chicago =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = chen.example.com)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = chicago.us.oracle.com)
)
)

boston =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jch.example.com)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = boston.us.oracle.com)
)
)[oracle@chen admin]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@chen admin]$ lsnrctl start

(5) 主库：增加standby logfile 文件
SQL> select member from v$logfile;
SQL> select bytes/1024/1024 from v$log;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/chicago/standby_redo04.log' size 50M;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 5 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/chicago/standby_redo05.log' size 50M;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 6 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/chicago/standby_redo06.log' size 50M;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 7 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/chicago/standby_redo07.log' size 50M;

(6) 主库：修改参数文件
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e41134/create_ps.htm#SBYDB00426
Example 3-1 Primary Database: Primary Role Initialization Parameters
Example 3-2 Primary Database: Standby Role Initialization Parameters

SQL> create pfile from spfile;
[oracle@chen admin]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@chen dbs]$ vi initchicago.ora
*.DB_NAME=chicago
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=chicago
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(chicago,boston)'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/home/oracle/flash VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=chicago'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=boston ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=boston'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
*.REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc

*.FAL_SERVER=boston
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='boston','chicago'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='boston,'chicago'
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

[oracle@chen dbs]$ cp spfilechicago.ora spfileboston.ora.bak
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
SQL> startup
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2

(7)主库：停库冷备
SQL> shutdown immediatre
[oracle@chen admin]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/chicago
[oracle@chen PROD1]$ tar -zcvf /home/oracle/dg/chicago.tar.gz *

(8)主库：生成standby controlfile
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/home/oracle/dg/standby_control01.ctl';

(9) 主库: 拷贝主库文件到备库
冷备文件，监听文件，TNS文件，参数文件、密码文件
[oracle@chen dbs]$ cp initchicago.ora /home/oracle/dg/
[oracle@chen dbs]$ cp orapwchicago /home/oracle/dg/
[oracle@chen admin]$ cp listener.ora /home/oracle/dg/
[oracle@chen admin]$ cp tnsnames.ora /home/oracle/dg/
[oracle@chen PROD1]$ cp chicago.tar.gz /home/oracle/dg
[oracle@chen ~]$ tar -zcvf dg.tar.gz dg/
[oracle@chen ~]$ scp dg.tar.gz jch:/home/oracle

(10) 备库：配置静态监听,配置tnsnames.ora文件
[oracle@jch ~]$ tar -zxvf dg.tar.gz
[oracle@jch ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[oracle@jch admin]$ mv listener.ora listener.ora.bak
[oracle@jch admin]$ mv tnsnames.ora tnsnames.ora.bak
[oracle@jch admin]$ cp /home/oracle/dg/listener.ora .
[oracle@jch admin]$ cp /home/oracle/dg/tnsnames.ora .
[oracle@jch admin]$ vi listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=boston.us.oracle.com)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME=boston)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jch.example.com)(PORT = 1521))
)
)

[oracle@edbjr2p2 admin]$ lsnrctl start

(11) 备库：修改参数文件和口令文件
[oracle@jch dbs]$ cp /home/oracle/dg/initchicago.ora .
[oracle@jch dbs]$ cp /home/oracle/dg/orapwchicago .
[oracle@jch dbs]$ mv orapwchicago orapwboston
[oracle@jch dbs]$ mv initchicago.ora initboston.ora

[oracle@jch dbs]$ vi initboston.ora
:%s/chicago/AAAA/g
:%s/boston/chicago/g
:%s/AAAA/boston/g

*.DB_NAME=chicago
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=boston
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(boston,chicago)'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/home/oracle/flash VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=boston'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=chicago ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=chicago'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
*.REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc

*.FAL_SERVER=chicago
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='chicago','boston'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='chicago','boston'
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

(12) 备库：根据据参数文件创建相应的目录
[oracle@jch ~]$ mkdir flash
[oracle@jch ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/
[oracle@jch admin]$ mkdir boston/adump -p
[oracle@jch ~]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata/boston

(13)备库：解压备份文件
[oracle@jch dg]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/boston/
[oracle@jch dg]$ tar -zxvf chicago.tar.gz

(14)备库：启动备库
SQL> startup nomount;
[oracle@jch dg]$ export ORACLE_SID=boston
[oracle@jch dg]$ rman target /
rman>restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/control_standby.ctl';
SQL> alter database mount;
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

(15)验证是否搭建成功
主库：
SQL> archive log list;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
备库：
SQL> archive log list;
SQL> select process, pid, status, client_process from v$managed_standby;
SQL> SELECT PROTECTION_MODE, PROTECTION_LEVEL,DATABASE_ROLE ROLE,SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
备库：sync 数据
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
-----SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;
主库：
SQL> create table test1 as select level as id from dual connect by level<=3;
备库：
SQL> select * from test1;

(16)主从切换
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e41134/role_management.htm#SBYDB00625
主库：
SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
SQL> SHUTDOWN ABORT;
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;
备库：
SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
---SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

当主库无法故障时，通过上面的方式主从切换回报错如下：
Database not available for switchover
End-Of-REDO archived log file has not been recovered
Archived log files detected beyond End-Of-REDO
Incomplete recovery SCN:0:1038219 archive SCN:0:1037990

解决方案：
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE FINISH;
---ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE FINISH FORCE;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;