使用PostGIS完成两点间的河流轨迹及流经长度的计算(推荐)

–添加支持
CREATE EXTENSION postgis;  --添加postgis扩展
CREATE EXTENSION pgrouting;   --添加pgrouting扩展
CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology;
CREATE EXTENSION fuzzystrmatch;
CREATE EXTENSION postgis_tiger_geocoder;

–查看postgresql版本
show server_version;

–查看postgis版本
SELECT PostGIS_full_version();

–查看pgrouting版本
select pgr_version();

--筛选出所有顶点信息，st_dump函数主要是将MultiLineString类型 调整成 LineString类型
select  st_astext(st_startpoint((ST_Dump(geom)).geom)) from singleriver
union 
select  st_astext(st_endpoint((ST_Dump(geom)).geom)) from singleriver

--更新起始顶点编号
update singleriver q
set source=tt.sourcepoint
from singleriver s,
(select gid,p.id as sourcepoint from 
(select gid,st_astext(st_startpoint((ST_Dump(geom)).geom)) as startpoint, st_astext(st_endpoint((ST_Dump(geom)).geom)) as endpoint from singleriver )s
left join distinctpoint p
on s.startpoint=p.point) tt
where q.gid=tt.gid

--插入结束顶点编号
update singleriver q
set target=tt.endpoint
from singleriver s,
(select gid,p.id as endpoint from 
(select gid,st_astext(st_startpoint((ST_Dump(geom)).geom)) as startpoint, st_astext(st_endpoint((ST_Dump(geom)).geom)) as endpoint from singleriver )s
left join distinctpoint p
on s.endpoint=p.point) tt
where q.gid=tt.gid

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION "public"."pgr_shortest_river"(IN "startx" float8, IN "starty" float8, IN "endx" float8, IN "endy" float8, OUT "river_name" varchar, OUT "v_shpath" varchar, OUT "cost" float8)
  RETURNS SETOF "pg_catalog"."record" AS $BODY$ 
declare 
v_startLine geometry;--离起点最近的线 
v_endLine geometry;--离终点最近的线 
v_startTarget integer;--距离起点最近线的终点 
v_endSource integer;--距离终点最近线的起点 
v_statpoint geometry;--在v_startLine上距离起点最近的点 
v_endpoint geometry;--在v_endLine上距离终点最近的点 
v_res geometry;--最短路径分析结果 
v_perStart float;--v_statpoint在v_res上的百分比 
v_perEnd float;--v_endpoint在v_res上的百分比 
v_rec record; 
first_name varchar;
end_name varchar;
first_cost double precision;
end_cost double precision;
begin 
--查询离起点最近的线 
execute 'select (st_dump(geom)).geom as geom,target as target,name from singleriver where 
ST_DWithin(geom,ST_Geometryfromtext(''point('|| startx ||' ' || starty||')''),0.01) 
order by ST_Distance(geom,ST_GeometryFromText(''point('|| startx ||' '|| starty ||')'')) limit 1' 
into v_startLine ,v_startTarget,first_name; 
raise notice '起点线段%',v_startLine;
raise notice '起点位置%',v_startTarget;
raise notice '河流名称%',first_name;
--查询离终点最近的线 
execute 'select (st_dump(geom)).geom as geom,"source" as source,name from singleriver
where ST_DWithin(geom,ST_Geometryfromtext(''point('|| endx || ' ' || endy ||')''),0.01) 
order by ST_Distance(geom,ST_GeometryFromText(''point('|| endx ||' ' || endy ||')'')) limit 1' 
into v_endLine,v_endSource,end_name; 
--如果没找到最近的线，就返回null 
if (v_startLine is null) or (v_endLine is null) then 
return; 
end if ; 
select ST_ClosestPoint(v_startLine, ST_Geometryfromtext('point('|| startx ||' ' || starty ||')')) into v_statpoint; 
select ST_ClosestPoint(v_endLine, ST_GeometryFromText('point('|| endx ||' ' || endy ||')')) into v_endpoint; 

--计算距离起点最近线上的点在该线中的位置
select st_linelocatepoint(st_linemerge(v_startLine), v_statpoint) into v_perStart;

select st_linelocatepoint(st_linemerge(v_endLine), v_endpoint) into v_perEnd;

select st_distancesphere(v_statpoint,ST_PointN(ST_GeometryN(v_startLine,1), ST_NumPoints(ST_GeometryN(v_startLine,1)))) into first_cost;

select st_distancesphere(ST_PointN(ST_GeometryN(v_endLine,1),1),v_endpoint) into end_cost; 

if (ST_Intersects(st_geomfromtext('point('|| startx ||' '|| starty ||') '), v_startLine) and ST_Intersects(st_geomfromtext('point('|| endx ||' '|| endy ||') '), v_startLine)) then 
select st_distancesphere(v_statpoint, v_endpoint) into first_cost;

select st_linelocatepoint(st_linemerge(v_startLine), v_endpoint) into v_perEnd;
for v_rec in 
select st_linesubstring(st_linemerge(v_startLine), v_perStart,v_perEnd) as point,COALESCE(end_name,'无名河流') as name,end_cost as cost loop
v_shPath:= ST_AsGeoJSON(v_rec.point);
cost:= v_rec.cost;
river_name:= v_rec.name;
return next;
end loop;
return;
end if;
--最短路径 
for v_rec in 
(select st_linesubstring(st_linemerge(v_startLine),v_perStart,1) as point,COALESCE(first_name,'无名河流') as name,first_cost as cost
union all
SELECT st_linemerge(b.geom) as point,COALESCE(b.name,'无名河流') as name,st_length(geom, false) as cost
FROM pgr_dijkstra(
'SELECT gid as id, source, target, st_length(geom, false) as cost FROM singleriver
where st_intersects(geom,st_buffer(st_linefromtext(''linestring('||startx||' ' || starty ||','|| endx ||' ' || endy ||')''),0.05))', 
v_startTarget, v_endSource , false 
) a, singleriver b 
WHERE a.edge = b.gid
union all
select st_linesubstring(st_linemerge(v_endLine),0,v_perEnd) as point,COALESCE(end_name,'无名河流') as name,end_cost as cost)
loop
v_shPath:= ST_AsGeoJSON(v_rec.point);
cost:= v_rec.cost;
river_name:= v_rec.name;
return next;
end loop; 
end; 
$BODY$
  LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE STRICT
  COST 100
  ROWS 1000