C#如何操作SQLite实现数据的增删改查
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这篇文章主要介绍了C#如何操作SQLite实现数据的增删改查，具有一定借鉴价值，感兴趣的朋友可以参考下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后大有收获，下面让小编带着大家一起了解一下。
简介
SQLite是一个轻量级、跨平台的关系型数据库，在小型项目中，方便，易用，同时支持多种开发语言，下面是我用C#语言对SQLite 的一个封装。
Winfrom界面如下：
代码还需要改进部分：
下面的代码我不觉得是完美的，读者可以自己去实现这些功能：
如果不想用多线程可以去掉UsingLock.cs ，在SQLiteHelper.cs中删除对应的引用即可。
创建数据库文件，可以从代码中分离成单独的方法。比如创建有密码的数据库文件。
在执行SQL语句时，有些语句执行成功，也不会有影响行数。比如，创建表，删除表，此时执行SQL语句返回的影响行数就为0。
只要SQL语句不报错就是执行成功的，在方法的返回值可以改为多个，比如用
Tuple<bool, string, int> 第一个参数 bool 代表执行结果，第二个参数 string 代表错误信息，第三个参数 int 代表影响的行数。
同样，也可以这样：
Tuple<bool, string, DataSet> 第一个参数 bool 代表执行结果，第二个参数 string 代表错误信息，第三个参数 DataSet 代表返回的表单数据。
主要代码
SQLiteHelper.cs
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Data;using System.Data.Common;using System.Data.SQLite;using System.IO;using System.Text; namespace MySQLiteHelper{ public class SQLiteHelper { #region 字段 /// <summary> /// 事务的基类 /// </summary> private DbTransaction DBtrans; /// <summary> /// 使用静态变量字典解决多线程实例本类，实现一个数据库对应一个clslock /// </summary> private static readonly Dictionary<string, ClsLock> RWL = new Dictionary<string, ClsLock>(); /// <summary> /// 数据库地址 /// </summary> private readonly string mdataFile; /// <summary> /// 数据库密码 /// </summary> private readonly string mPassWord; private readonly string LockName = null; /// <summary> /// 数据库连接定义 /// </summary> private SQLiteConnection mConn; #endregion #region 构造函数 /// <summary> /// 根据数据库地址初始化 /// </summary> /// <param name="dataFile">数据库地址</param> public SQLiteHelper(string dataFile) { this.mdataFile = dataFile ?? throw new ArgumentNullException("dataFile=null"); //this.mdataFile = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + dataFile; this.mdataFile = dataFile; if (!RWL.ContainsKey(dataFile)) { LockName = dataFile; RWL.Add(dataFile, new ClsLock()); } } /// <summary> /// 使用密码打开数据库 /// </summary> /// <param name="dataFile">数据库地址</param> /// <param name="PassWord">数据库密码</param> public SQLiteHelper(string dataFile, string PassWord) { this.mdataFile = dataFile ?? throw new ArgumentNullException("dataFile is null"); this.mPassWord = PassWord ?? throw new ArgumentNullException("PassWord is null"); //this.mdataFile = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + dataFile; this.mdataFile = dataFile; if (!RWL.ContainsKey(dataFile)) { LockName = dataFile; RWL.Add(dataFile, new ClsLock()); } } #endregion #region 打开/关闭 数据库 /// <summary> /// 打开 SQLiteManager 使用的数据库连接 /// </summary> public void Open() { if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(mPassWord)) { mConn = OpenConnection(this.mdataFile); } else { mConn = OpenConnection(this.mdataFile, mPassWord); } Console.WriteLine("打开数据库成功"); } /// <summary> /// 关闭连接 /// </summary> public void Close() { if (this.mConn != null) { try { this.mConn.Close(); if (RWL.ContainsKey(LockName)) { RWL.Remove(LockName); } } catch { Console.WriteLine("关闭失败"); } } Console.WriteLine("关闭数据库成功"); } #endregion #region 事务 /// <summary> /// 开始事务 /// </summary> public void BeginTrain() { EnsureConnection(); DBtrans = mConn.BeginTransaction(); } /// <summary> /// 提交事务 /// </summary> public void DBCommit() { try { DBtrans.Commit(); } catch (Exception) { DBtrans.Rollback(); } } #endregion #region 工具 /// <summary> /// 打开一个SQLite数据库文件，如果文件不存在，则创建（无密码） /// </summary> /// <param name="dataFile"></param> /// <returns>SQLiteConnection 类</returns> private SQLiteConnection OpenConnection(string dataFile) { if (dataFile == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("dataFiledataFile=null"); } if (!File.Exists(dataFile)) { SQLiteConnection.CreateFile(dataFile); } SQLiteConnection conn = new SQLiteConnection(); SQLiteConnectionStringBuilder conStr = new SQLiteConnectionStringBuilder { DataSource = dataFile }; conn.ConnectionString = conStr.ToString(); conn.Open(); return conn; } /// <summary> /// 打开一个SQLite数据库文件，如果文件不存在，则创建（有密码） /// </summary> /// <param name="dataFile"></param> /// <param name="Password"></param> /// <returns>SQLiteConnection 类</returns> private SQLiteConnection OpenConnection(string dataFile, string Password) { if (dataFile == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("dataFile=null"); } if (!File.Exists(Convert.ToString(dataFile))) { SQLiteConnection.CreateFile(dataFile); } try { SQLiteConnection conn = new SQLiteConnection(); SQLiteConnectionStringBuilder conStr = new SQLiteConnectionStringBuilder { DataSource = dataFile, Password = Password }; conn.ConnectionString = conStr.ToString(); conn.Open(); return conn; } catch (Exception) { return null; } } /// <summary> /// 读取 或 设置 SQLiteManager 使用的数据库连接 /// </summary> public SQLiteConnection Connection { get { return mConn; } private set { mConn = value ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(); } } /// <summary> /// 确保数据库是连接状态 /// </summary> /// <exception cref="Exception"></exception> protected void EnsureConnection() { if (this.mConn == null) { throw new Exception("SQLiteManager.Connection=null"); } if (mConn.State != ConnectionState.Open) { mConn.Open(); } } /// <summary> /// 获取数据库文件的路径 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public string GetDataFile() { return this.mdataFile; } /// <summary> /// 判断表 table 是否存在 /// </summary> /// <param name="table"></param> /// <returns>存在返回true，否则返回false</returns> public bool TableExists(string table) { if (table == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("table=null"); } EnsureConnection(); SQLiteDataReader reader = ExecuteReader("SELECT count(*) as c FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name=@tableName ", new SQLiteParameter[] { new SQLiteParameter("tableName", table) }); if (reader == null) { return false; } reader.Read(); int c = reader.GetInt32(0); reader.Close(); reader.Dispose(); //return false; return c == 1; } /// <summary> /// VACUUM 命令（通过复制主数据库中的内容到一个临时数据库文件，然后清空主数据库，并从副本中重新载入原始的数据库文件） /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public bool Vacuum() { try { using (SQLiteCommand Command = new SQLiteCommand("VACUUM", Connection)) { Command.ExecuteNonQuery(); } return true; } catch (System.Data.SQLite.SQLiteException) { return false; } } #endregion #region 执行SQL /// <summary> /// 执行SQL, 并返回 SQLiteDataReader 对象结果 /// </summary> /// <param name="sql"></param> /// <param name="paramArr">null 表示无参数</param> /// <returns></returns> public SQLiteDataReader ExecuteReader(string sql, SQLiteParameter[] paramArr) { if (sql == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("sql=null"); } EnsureConnection(); using (RWL[LockName].Read()) { using (SQLiteCommand cmd = new SQLiteCommand(sql, Connection)) { if (paramArr != null) { cmd.Parameters.AddRange(paramArr); } try { SQLiteDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); cmd.Parameters.Clear(); return reader; } catch (Exception) { return null; } } } } /// <summary> /// 执行查询，并返回dataset对象 /// </summary> /// <param name="sql">SQL查询语句</param> /// <param name="paramArr">参数数组</param> /// <returns></returns> public DataSet ExecuteDataSet(string sql, SQLiteParameter[] paramArr) { if (sql == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("sql=null"); } this.EnsureConnection(); using (RWL[LockName].Read()) { using (SQLiteCommand cmd = new SQLiteCommand(sql, this.Connection)) { if (paramArr != null) { cmd.Parameters.AddRange(paramArr); } try { SQLiteDataAdapter da = new SQLiteDataAdapter(); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); da.SelectCommand = cmd; da.Fill(ds); cmd.Parameters.Clear(); da.Dispose(); return ds; } catch (Exception) { return null; } } } } /// <summary> /// 执行SQL查询，并返回dataset对象。 /// </summary> /// <param name="strTable">映射源表的名称</param> /// <param name="sql">SQL语句</param> /// <param name="paramArr">SQL参数数组</param> /// <returns></returns> public DataSet ExecuteDataSet(string strTable, string sql, SQLiteParameter[] paramArr) { if (sql == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("sql=null"); } this.EnsureConnection(); using (RWL[LockName].Read()) { using (SQLiteCommand cmd = new SQLiteCommand(sql, this.Connection)) { if (paramArr != null) { cmd.Parameters.AddRange(paramArr); } try { SQLiteDataAdapter da = new SQLiteDataAdapter(); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); da.SelectCommand = cmd; da.Fill(ds, strTable); cmd.Parameters.Clear(); da.Dispose(); return ds; } catch (Exception) { return null; } } } } /// <summary> /// 执行SQL，返回受影响的行数，可用于执行表创建语句，paramArr == null 表示无参数 /// </summary> /// <param name="sql"></param> /// <returns></returns> public int ExecuteNonQuery(string sql, SQLiteParameter[] paramArr) { if (sql == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("sql=null"); } this.EnsureConnection(); using (RWL[LockName].Read()) { try { using (SQLiteCommand cmd = new SQLiteCommand(sql, Connection)) { if (paramArr != null) { foreach (SQLiteParameter p in paramArr) { cmd.Parameters.Add(p); } } int c = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); cmd.Parameters.Clear(); return c; } } catch (SQLiteException) { return 0; } } } /// <summary> /// 执行SQL，返回结果集第一行，如果结果集为空，那么返回空 List(List.Count=0)， /// rowWrapper = null 时，使用 WrapRowToDictionary /// </summary> /// <param name="sql"></param> /// <param name="paramArr"></param> /// <returns></returns> public object ExecuteScalar(string sql, SQLiteParameter[] paramArr) { if (sql == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("sql=null"); } this.EnsureConnection(); using (RWL[LockName].Read()) { using (SQLiteCommand cmd = new SQLiteCommand(sql, Connection)) { if (paramArr != null) { cmd.Parameters.AddRange(paramArr); } try { object reader = cmd.ExecuteScalar(); cmd.Parameters.Clear(); cmd.Dispose(); return reader; } catch (Exception) { return null; } } } } /// <summary> /// 查询一行记录，无结果时返回 null，conditionCol = null 时将忽略条件，直接执行 select * from table /// </summary> /// <param name="table">表名</param> /// <param name="conditionCol"></param> /// <param name="conditionVal"></param> /// <returns></returns> public object QueryOne(string table, string conditionCol, object conditionVal) { if (table == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("table=null"); } this.EnsureConnection(); string sql = "select * from " + table; if (conditionCol != null) { sql += " where " + conditionCol + "=@" + conditionCol; } object result = ExecuteScalar(sql, new SQLiteParameter[] { new SQLiteParameter(conditionCol, conditionVal) }); return result; } #endregion #region 增 删 改 /// <summary> /// 执行 insert into 语句 /// </summary> /// <param name="table"></param> /// <param name="entity"></param> /// <returns></returns> public int InsertData(string table, Dictionary<string, object> entity) { if (table == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("table=null"); } this.EnsureConnection(); string sql = BuildInsert(table, entity); return this.ExecuteNonQuery(sql, BuildParamArray(entity)); } /// <summary> /// 执行 update 语句，注意：如果 where = null，那么 whereParams 也为 null， /// </summary> /// <param name="table">表名</param> /// <param name="entity">要修改的列名和列名的值</param> /// <param name="where">查找符合条件的列</param> /// <param name="whereParams">where条件中参数的值</param> /// <returns></returns> public int Update(string table, Dictionary<string, object> entity, string where, SQLiteParameter[] whereParams) { if (table == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("table=null"); } this.EnsureConnection(); string sql = BuildUpdate(table, entity); SQLiteParameter[] parameter = BuildParamArray(entity); if (where != null) { sql += " where " + where; if (whereParams != null) { SQLiteParameter[] newArr = new SQLiteParameter[(parameter.Length + whereParams.Length)]; Array.Copy(parameter, newArr, parameter.Length); Array.Copy(whereParams, 0, newArr, parameter.Length, whereParams.Length); parameter = newArr; } } return this.ExecuteNonQuery(sql, parameter); } /// <summary> /// 执行 delete from table 语句，where不必包含'where'关键字，where = null 时将忽略 whereParams /// </summary> /// <param name="table"></param> /// <param name="where"></param> /// <param name="whereParams"></param> /// <returns></returns> public int Delete(string table, string where, SQLiteParameter[] whereParams) { if (table == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("table=null"); } this.EnsureConnection(); string sql = "delete from " + table + " "; if (where != null) { sql += "where " + where; } return ExecuteNonQuery(sql, whereParams); } /// <summary> /// 将 Dictionary 类型数据 转换为 SQLiteParameter[] 类型 /// </summary> /// <param name="entity"></param> /// <returns></returns> private SQLiteParameter[] BuildParamArray(Dictionary<string, object> entity) { List<SQLiteParameter> list = new List<SQLiteParameter>(); foreach (string key in entity.Keys) { list.Add(new SQLiteParameter(key, entity[key])); } if (list.Count == 0) { return null; } return list.ToArray(); } /// <summary> /// 将 Dictionary 类型数据 转换为 插入数据 的 SQL语句 /// </summary> /// <param name="table">表名</param> /// <param name="entity">字典</param> /// <returns></returns> private string BuildInsert(string table, Dictionary<string, object> entity) { StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(); buf.Append("insert into ").Append(table); buf.Append(" ("); foreach (string key in entity.Keys) { buf.Append(key).Append(","); } buf.Remove(buf.Length - 1, 1); // 移除最后一个, buf.Append(") "); buf.Append("values("); foreach (string key in entity.Keys) { buf.Append("@").Append(key).Append(","); // 创建一个参数 } buf.Remove(buf.Length - 1, 1); buf.Append(") "); return buf.ToString(); } /// <summary> /// 将 Dictionary 类型数据 转换为 修改数据 的 SQL语句 /// </summary> /// <param name="table">表名</param> /// <param name="entity">字典</param> /// <returns></returns> private string BuildUpdate(string table, Dictionary<string, object> entity) { StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(); buf.Append("update ").Append(table).Append(" set "); foreach (string key in entity.Keys) { buf.Append(key).Append("=").Append("@").Append(key).Append(","); } buf.Remove(buf.Length - 1, 1); buf.Append(" "); return buf.ToString(); } #endregion }}UsingLock.cs
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Threading.Tasks;using System.Threading; namespace MySQLiteHelper{ /// <summary> /// 使用using代替lock操作的对象，可指定写入和读取锁定模式 /// </summary> public sealed class ClsLock { #region 内部类 /// <summary> /// 利用IDisposable的using语法糖方便的释放锁定操作内部类 /// </summary> private struct Lock : IDisposable { /// <summary> /// 读写锁对象 /// </summary> private readonly ReaderWriterLockSlim _Lock; /// <summary> /// 是否为写入模式 /// </summary> private bool _IsWrite; /// <summary> /// 利用IDisposable的using语法糖方便的释放锁定操作构造函数 /// </summary> /// <param name="rwl">读写锁</param> /// <param name="isWrite">写入模式为true，读取模式为false</param> public Lock(ReaderWriterLockSlim rwl, bool isWrite) { _Lock = rwl; _IsWrite = isWrite; } /// <summary> /// 释放对象时退出指定锁定模式 /// </summary> public void Dispose() { if (_IsWrite) { if (_Lock.IsWriteLockHeld) { _Lock.ExitWriteLock(); } } else { if (_Lock.IsReadLockHeld) { _Lock.ExitReadLock(); } } } } /// <summary> /// 空的可释放对象，免去了调用时需要判断是否为null的问题内部类 /// </summary> private class Disposable : IDisposable { /// <summary> /// 空的可释放对象 /// </summary> public static readonly Disposable Empty = new Disposable(); /// <summary> /// 空的释放方法 /// </summary> public void Dispose() { } } #endregion /// <summary> /// 读写锁 /// </summary> private readonly ReaderWriterLockSlim _LockSlim = new ReaderWriterLockSlim(); /// <summary> /// 使用using代替lock操作的对象，可指定写入和读取锁定模式构造函数 /// </summary> public ClsLock() { Enabled = true; } /// <summary> /// 是否启用，当该值为false时，Read()和Write()方法将返回 Disposable.Empty /// </summary> public bool Enabled { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 进入读取锁定模式，该模式下允许多个读操作同时进行， /// 退出读锁请将返回对象释放，建议使用using语块, /// Enabled为false时，返回Disposable.Empty， /// 在读取或写入锁定模式下重复执行，返回Disposable.Empty; /// </summary> public IDisposable Read() { if (Enabled == false || _LockSlim.IsReadLockHeld || _LockSlim.IsWriteLockHeld) { return Disposable.Empty; } else { _LockSlim.EnterReadLock(); return new Lock(_LockSlim, false); } } /// <summary> /// 进入写入锁定模式,该模式下只允许同时执行一个读操作， /// 退出读锁请将返回对象释放，建议使用using语块， /// Enabled为false时，返回Disposable.Empty， /// 在写入锁定模式下重复执行，返回Disposable.Empty /// </summary> /// <exception cref="NotImplementedException">读取模式下不能进入写入锁定状态</exception> public IDisposable Write() { if (Enabled == false || _LockSlim.IsWriteLockHeld) { return Disposable.Empty; } else if (_LockSlim.IsReadLockHeld) { throw new NotImplementedException("读取模式下不能进入写入锁定状态"); } else { _LockSlim.EnterWriteLock(); return new Lock(_LockSlim, true); } } } }Form1.cs
using MySQLiteHelper;using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Data;using System.Data.SQLite;using System.Windows.Forms; namespace SQLiteDemo{ public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private SQLiteHelper SQLiteHelpers = null; private const string DBAddress = "D:\\SQLiteData\\test_record.db3"; private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { SQLiteHelpers = new SQLiteHelper(DBAddress,"123456"); } /// <summary> /// 打开数据库 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button_OpenDB_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { SQLiteHelpers.Open(); Label_DBOpenState.Text = "打开"; } /// <summary> /// 关闭数据库 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button_CloseDB_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { SQLiteHelpers.Close(); Label_DBOpenState.Text = "关闭"; } /// <summary> /// 查询 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button_Query_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { SQLiteParameter[] parameter = new SQLiteParameter[] { new SQLiteParameter("address", "济南") }; string sql = "SELECT * FROM student WHERE address = @address"; DataSet dataSet = SQLiteHelpers.ExecuteDataSet(sql, parameter); if (dataSet != null) { dataGridView1.DataSource = dataSet.Tables[0]; } } /// <summary> /// 插入数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button_Add_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Dictionary<string, object> dic = new Dictionary<string, object>(); dic.Add("ID", 6); dic.Add("name", "王二麻子"); dic.Add("age", 44); dic.Add("address", "陕西"); int result = SQLiteHelpers.InsertData("student", dic); Console.WriteLine("插入结果，受影响的行数：" + result); } /// <summary> /// 修改数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button_Modify_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Dictionary<string, object> dic = new Dictionary<string, object>(); //将列名 name 的值改为 “猴子” dic.Add("name", "猴子"); //将列名 address 的值改为 花果山 dic.Add("address", "花果山"); //where条件 string where = "ID = @ID AND age = @Age"; //where条件中对应的参数 SQLiteParameter[] parameter = new SQLiteParameter[] { new SQLiteParameter("ID", 4), new SQLiteParameter("Age",23) }; int result = SQLiteHelpers.Update("student", dic, where, parameter); Console.WriteLine("修改结果，受影响的行数：" + result); } /// <summary> /// 删除数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button_Delete_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //where条件 string where = "ID = @ID"; //where条件中对应的参数 SQLiteParameter[] parameter = new SQLiteParameter[] { new SQLiteParameter("ID", 6), }; int result = SQLiteHelpers.Delete("student", where, parameter); Console.WriteLine("删除结果，受影响的行数：" + result); } /// <summary> /// 判断表是否存在 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Button_TableExists_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string title = "dddd"; bool result = SQLiteHelpers.TableExists(title); Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0} 表是否存在，结果：{1}", title, result)); } //输出各表中的数据 //public static void PrintValues(DataSet ds) //{ // foreach (DataTable table in ds.Tables) // { // Console.WriteLine("表名称：" + table.TableName); // foreach (DataRow row in table.Rows) // { // foreach (DataColumn column in table.Columns) // { // Console.Write(row[column] + ""); // } // Console.WriteLine(); // } // } //} }}感谢你能够认真阅读完这篇文章，希望小编分享的“C#如何操作SQLite实现数据的增删改查”这篇文章对大家有帮助，同时也希望大家多多支持编程网，关注编程网行业资讯频道，更多相关知识等着你来学习!
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