AVFoundationAVCaptureSession媒体捕捉
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正文
AVFoundation 是Apple iOS和OS X系统中用于处理基于时间的媒体数据的高级框架,通过开发所需的工具提供了强大的功能集,让开发者能够基于苹果平台创建当下最先进的媒体应用程序,其针对64位处理器设计,充分利用了多核硬件优势,会自动提供硬件加速操作,确保大部分设备能以最佳性能运行,是iOS开发接触音视频开发必学的框架之一。
参与掘金日新计划,持续记录AVFoundation学习,Demo学习地址,里面封装了一些工具类,可以直接使用,这篇文章主要讲述AVFoundation中的AVCaptureSession等类实现媒体捕捉功能,其他类的相关用法可查看我的其他文章。
捕捉媒体
媒体捕捉是AVFoundation的核心功能之一,也是开发音视频App必不可少的功能。捕捉用到的类如图所示
- AVCaptureSession是AVFoundation捕捉栈的核心类,捕捉会话用于连接输入和输出资源,管理从物理设备得到的输入流,例如从摄像头得到的视频从麦克风得到的音频,以不同的方式输出给一个或多个输出,可以动态配置输入和输出线路,让开发者能够在会话中按需重新配置捕捉环境。
- AVCaptureDevice为摄像头麦克风等物理设备定义了一个接口,在iOS10以后,使用AVCaptureDeviceDiscoverySession获取设备。
- 将AVCaptureDevice包装成AVCaptureDeviceInput才能添加到捕捉回话中。
- AVFoundation定义了AVCaptureOutput的许多扩展类,AVCaptureOutput是一个抽象基类,用于从捕捉回话中得到数据,框架定义了这个抽象类的高级扩展类,常用的有AVCaptureStillImageOutput静态图片输出、AVCaptureMovieFileOutput视频文件输出、AVCaptureVideoDataOutput视频流数据输出、AVCaptureAudioDataOutput音频流数据输出、AVCaptureMetadataOutput元数据输出。注意,不能同时配置AVCaptureVideoDataOutput和AVCaptureMovieFileOutput,二者无法同时启用。
- AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer是CoreAnimation框架中CALayer的一个子类,对捕捉视频数据实时预览。当然也可以使用GLKView、UIImageView预览实时视频流的Buffer。
具体代码可以看Demo中的CQCaptureManager类对捕捉工具的封装
1.创建会话
创建会话并配置分辨率
- 配置分辨率注意要判断下能否支持,例如老机型前置摄像头配置4k是不支持的。
- 不同分辨率的缩放倍数也是不同的
self.captureSession = [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init];
- (void)configSessionPreset:(AVCaptureSessionPreset)sessionPreset {
[self.captureSession beginConfiguration];
if ([self.captureSession canSetSessionPreset:sessionPreset]) {
self.captureSession.sessionPreset = sessionPreset;
} else {
self.captureSession.sessionPreset = AVCaptureSessionPresetHigh;
}
[self.captureSession commitConfiguration];
self.isConfigSessionPreset = YES;
}
2.配置视频输入
/// 配置视频输入
- (BOOL)configVideoInput:(NSError * _Nullable *)error {
// 添加视频捕捉设备
// 拿到默认视频捕捉设备 iOS默认后置摄像头
// AVCaptureDevice *videoDevice = [AVCaptureDevice defaultDeviceWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
AVCaptureDevice *videoDevice = [self getCameraWithPosition:AVCaptureDevicePositionBack];
// 将捕捉设备转化为AVCaptureDeviceInput
// 注意:会话不能直接使用AVCaptureDevice,必须将AVCaptureDevice封装成AVCaptureDeviceInput对象
AVCaptureDeviceInput *videoInput = [AVCaptureDeviceInput deviceInputWithDevice:videoDevice error:error];
// 将捕捉设备添加给会话
// 使用前判断videoInput是否有效以及能否添加,因为摄像头是一个公共设备,不属于任何App,有可能别的App在使用,添加前应该先进行判断是否可以添加
if (videoInput && [self.captureSession canAddInput:videoInput]) {
// 将videoInput 添加到 captureSession中
[self.captureSession beginConfiguration];
[self.captureSession addInput:videoInput];
[self.captureSession commitConfiguration];
self.videoDeviceInput = videoInput;
return YES;
}else {
return NO;
}
}
/// 移除视频输入设备
- (void)removeVideoDeviceInput {
if (self.videoDeviceInput) [self.captureSession removeInput:self.videoDeviceInput];
self.videoDeviceInput = nil;
}
- 获取摄像头,iOS10之后使用AVCaptureDeviceDiscoverySession获取
- 长焦超广或者双摄三摄必须使用AVCaptureDeviceDiscoverySession获取,[AVCaptureDevice devicesWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo]无法获取
/// 根据position拿到摄像头
- (AVCaptureDevice *)getCameraWithPosition:(AVCaptureDevicePosition)position {
NSArray *deviceTypes;
if (position == AVCaptureDevicePositionBack) {
deviceTypes = @[AVCaptureDeviceTypeBuiltInDualCamera,
AVCaptureDeviceTypeBuiltInDualWideCamera,
AVCaptureDeviceTypeBuiltInTripleCamera, ];
} else {
deviceTypes = @[AVCaptureDeviceTypeBuiltInWideAngleCamera];
}
AVCaptureDeviceDiscoverySession *deviceSession = [AVCaptureDeviceDiscoverySession discoverySessionWithDeviceTypes:deviceTypes mediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo position:position];
if (deviceSession.devices.count) return deviceSession.devices.firstObject;
if (position == AVCaptureDevicePositionBack) {
// 非多摄手机
deviceTypes = @[AVCaptureDeviceTypeBuiltInWideAngleCamera];
AVCaptureDeviceDiscoverySession *deviceSession = [AVCaptureDeviceDiscoverySession discoverySessionWithDeviceTypes:deviceTypes mediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo position:position];
if (deviceSession.devices.count) return deviceSession.devices.firstObject;
}
return nil;
}
3.配置音频输入
/// 配置音频输入
- (BOOL)configAudioInput:(NSError * _Nullable *)error {
// 添加音频捕捉设备 ,如果只是拍摄静态图片,可以不用设置
// 选择默认音频捕捉设备 即返回一个内置麦克风
AVCaptureDevice *audioDevice = [AVCaptureDevice defaultDeviceWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];
self.audioDeviceInput = [AVCaptureDeviceInput deviceInputWithDevice:audioDevice error:error];
if (self.audioDeviceInput && [self.captureSession canAddInput:self.audioDeviceInput]) {
[self.captureSession beginConfiguration];
[self.captureSession addInput:self.audioDeviceInput];
[self.captureSession commitConfiguration];
return YES;
}else {
return NO;
}
}
/// 移除音频输入设备
- (void)removeAudioDeviceInput {
if (self.audioDeviceInput) [self.captureSession removeInput:self.audioDeviceInput];
}
5.配置输出
#pragma mark - Func 静态图片输出配置
/// 配置静态图片输出
- (void)configStillImageOutput {
// AVCaptureStillImageOutput 从摄像头捕捉静态图片
self.stillImageOutput = [[AVCaptureStillImageOutput alloc] init];
// 配置字典:希望捕捉到JPEG格式的图片
self.stillImageOutput.outputSettings = @{AVVideoCodecKey:AVVideoCodecJPEG};
// 输出连接 判断是否可用,可用则添加到输出连接中去
[self.captureSession beginConfiguration];
if ([self.captureSession canAddOutput:self.stillImageOutput]) {
[self.captureSession addOutput:self.stillImageOutput];
}
[self.captureSession commitConfiguration];
}
/// 移除静态图片输出
- (void)removeStillImageOutput {
if (self.stillImageOutput) [self.captureSession removeOutput:self.stillImageOutput];
}
#pragma mark - Func 电影文件输出配置
/// 配置电影文件输出
- (void)configMovieFileOutput {
// AVCaptureMovieFileOutput,将QuickTime视频录制到文件系统
self.movieFileOutput = [[AVCaptureMovieFileOutput alloc] init];
[self.captureSession beginConfiguration];
if ([self.captureSession canAddOutput:self.movieFileOutput]) {
[self.captureSession addOutput:self.movieFileOutput];
}
[self.captureSession commitConfiguration];
}
/// 移除电影文件输出
- (void)removeMovieFileOutput {
if (self.movieFileOutput) [self.captureSession removeOutput:self.movieFileOutput];
}
6.开始会话\结束会话
// 异步开始会话
- (void)startSessionAsync {
// 检查是否处于运行状态
if (![self.captureSession isRunning]) {
// 使用同步调用会损耗一定的时间,则用异步的方式处理
dispatch_async(self.captureVideoQueue, ^{
[self.captureSession startRunning];
});
}
}
// 异步停止会话
- (void)stopSessionAsync {
// 检查是否处于运行状态
if ([self.captureSession isRunning]) {
dispatch_async(self.captureVideoQueue, ^{
[self.captureSession stopRunning];
});
}
}
7.捕捉静态图片
#pragma mark - 静态图片捕捉
#pragma mark Public Func 静态图片捕捉
// 捕捉静态图片
- (void)captureStillImage {
if (!self.isConfigSessionPreset) [self configSessionPreset:AVCaptureSessionPresetMedium];
if (!self.videoDeviceInput) {
NSError *configError;
BOOL configResult = [self configVideoInput:&configError];
if (!configResult) return;
}
if (!self.stillImageOutput) [self configStillImageOutput];
[self startSessionSync];
// 获取图片输出连接
AVCaptureConnection *connection = [self.stillImageOutput connectionWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
// 即使程序只支持纵向,但是如果用户横向拍照时,需要调整结果照片的方向
// 判断是否支持设置视频方向, 支持则根据设备方向设置输出方向值
if (connection.isVideoOrientationSupported) {
connection.videoOrientation = [self getCurrentVideoOrientation];
}
[self.stillImageOutput captureStillImageAsynchronouslyFromConnection:connection completionHandler:^(CMSampleBufferRef _Nullable imageDataSampleBuffer, NSError * _Nullable error) { if (imageDataSampleBuffer != NULL) { dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ if (self.delegate && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(mediaCaptureImageFileSuccess)]) {
[self.delegate mediaCaptureImageFileSuccess];
}
});
// CMSampleBufferRef转UIImage 并写入相册
NSData *imageData = [AVCaptureStillImageOutput jpegStillImageNSDataRepresentation:imageDataSampleBuffer];
UIImage *image = [[UIImage alloc] initWithData:imageData];
[self writeImageToAssetsLibrary:image];
} else {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
if (self.delegate && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(mediaCaptureImageFailedWithError:)]) {
[self.delegate mediaCaptureImageFailedWithError:error];
}
});
NSLog(@"NULL sampleBuffer:%@",[error localizedDescription]);
}
}];
}
#pragma mark Private Func 静态图片捕捉
/// 将UIImage写入到用户相册
- (void)writeImageToAssetsLibrary:(UIImage *)image {
ALAssetsLibrary *library = [[ALAssetsLibrary alloc] init];
// 参数1 图片, 参数2 方向, 参数3 回调
[library writeImageToSavedPhotosAlbum:image.CGImage orientation:(NSUInteger)image.imageOrientation completionBlock:^(NSURL *assetURL, NSError *error) { if (!error) { dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ if (self.delegate && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(assetLibraryWriteImageSuccessWithImage:)]) {
[self.delegate assetLibraryWriteImageSuccessWithImage:image];
}
});
} else {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
if (self.delegate && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(assetLibraryWriteImageFailedWithError:)]) {
[self.delegate assetLibraryWriteImageFailedWithError:error];
}
});
}
}];
}
8.捕捉视频文件
#pragma mark - 电影文件捕捉
#pragma mark Public Func 电影文件捕捉
// 开始录制电影文件
- (void)startRecordingMovieFile {
if (!self.isConfigSessionPreset) [self configSessionPreset:AVCaptureSessionPresetMedium];
if (!self.videoDeviceInput) {
NSError *configError;
BOOL configResult = [self configVideoInput:&configError];
if (!configResult) return;
}
if (!self.movieFileOutput) [self configMovieFileOutput];
[self startSessionSync];
if ([self isRecordingMovieFile]) return;
AVCaptureConnection *videoConnection = [self.movieFileOutput connectionWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
// 设置输出方向
// 即使程序只支持纵向,但是如果用户横向拍照时,需要调整结果照片的方向
// 判断是否支持设置视频方向, 支持则根据设备方向设置输出方向值
if (videoConnection.isVideoOrientationSupported) {
videoConnection.videoOrientation = [self getCurrentVideoOrientation];
}
// 设置视频帧稳定
// 判断是否支持视频稳定 可以显著提高视频的质量。只会在录制视频文件涉及
// if (videoConnection.isVideoStabilizationSupported) {
// videoConnection.enablesVideoStabilizationWhenAvailable = YES;
// }
videoConnection.preferredVideoStabilizationMode = AVCaptureVideoStabilizationModeAuto;
// 设置对焦
AVCaptureDevice *device = [self getActiveCamera];
// 摄像头可以进行平滑对焦模式操作。即减慢摄像头镜头对焦速度。当用户移动拍摄时摄像头会尝试快速自动对焦。
if (device.isSmoothAutoFocusEnabled) {
NSError *error;
if ([device lockForConfiguration:&error]) {
device.smoothAutoFocusEnabled = YES;
[device unlockForConfiguration];
} else {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
if (self.delegate && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(deviceConfigurationFailedWithError:)]) {
[self.delegate deviceConfigurationFailedWithError:error];
}
});
}
}
self.movieFileOutputURL = [self getVideoTempPathURL];
// 开始录制 参数1:录制保存路径 参数2:代理
[self.movieFileOutput startRecordingToOutputFileURL:self.movieFileOutputURL recordingDelegate:self];
}
// 停止录制电影文件
- (void)stopRecordingMovieFile {
if ([self isRecordingMovieFile]) {
[self.movieFileOutput stopRecording];
}
}
// 是否在录制电影文件
- (BOOL)isRecordingMovieFile {
return self.movieFileOutput.isRecording;
}
// 录制电影文件的时间
- (CMTime)movieFileRecordedDuration {
return self.movieFileOutput.recordedDuration;
}
#pragma mark AVCaptureFileOutputRecordingDelegate
/// 捕捉电影文件成功的回调
- (void)captureOutput:(AVCaptureFileOutput *)output didFinishRecordingToOutputFileAtURL:(NSURL *)outputFileURL fromConnections:(NSArray<AVCaptureConnection *> *)connections error:(NSError *)error {
if (error) {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
if (self.delegate && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(mediaCaptureMovieFileFailedWithError:)]) {
[self.delegate mediaCaptureMovieFileFailedWithError:error];
}
});
} else {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
if (self.delegate && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(mediaCaptureMovieFileSuccess)]) {
[self.delegate mediaCaptureMovieFileSuccess];
}
});
// copy一个副本再置为nil
// 将文件写入相册
[self writeVideoToAssetsLibrary:self.movieFileOutputURL.copy];
self.movieFileOutputURL = nil;
}
}
#pragma mark Private Func 电影文件捕捉
/// 创建视频文件临时路径URL
- (NSURL *)getVideoTempPathURL {
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSString *tempPath = [fileManager temporaryDirectoryWithTemplateString:@"video.XXXXXX"];
if (tempPath) {
NSString *filePath = [tempPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"temp_video.mov"];
return [NSURL fileURLWithPath:filePath];
}
return nil;
}
/// 将视频文件写入到用户相册
- (void)writeVideoToAssetsLibrary:(NSURL *)videoURL {
ALAssetsLibrary *library = [[ALAssetsLibrary alloc] init];
// 和图片不同,视频的写入更耗时,所以写入之前应该判断是否能写入
if (![library videoAtPathIsCompatibleWithSavedPhotosAlbum:videoURL]) return;
[library writeVideoAtPathToSavedPhotosAlbum:videoURL completionBlock:^(NSURL *assetURL, NSError *error) {
if (error) {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
if (self.delegate && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(assetLibraryWriteMovieFileFailedWithError:)]) {
[self.delegate assetLibraryWriteMovieFileFailedWithError:error];
}
});
} else {
// 写入成功 回调封面图
[self getVideoCoverImageWithVideoURL:videoURL callBlock:^(UIImage *coverImage) {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
if (self.delegate && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(assetLibraryWriteMovieFileSuccessWithCoverImage:)]) {
[self.delegate assetLibraryWriteMovieFileSuccessWithCoverImage:coverImage];
}
});
}];
}
}];
}
/// 获取视频文件封面图
- (void)getVideoCoverImageWithVideoURL:(NSURL *)videoURL callBlock:(void(^)(UIImage *))callBlock {
dispatch_async(self.captureVideoQueue, ^{
AVAsset *asset = [AVAsset assetWithURL:videoURL];
AVAssetImageGenerator *imageGenerator = [AVAssetImageGenerator assetImageGeneratorWithAsset:asset];
// 设置maximumSize 宽为100,高为0 根据视频的宽高比来计算图片的高度
imageGenerator.maximumSize = CGSizeMake(100.0f, 0.0f);
// 捕捉视频缩略图会考虑视频的变化(如视频的方向变化),如果不设置,缩略图的方向可能出错
imageGenerator.appliesPreferredTrackTransform = YES;
CGImageRef imageRef = [imageGenerator copyCGImageAtTime:kCMTimeZero actualTime:NULL error:nil];
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:imageRef];
CGImageRelease(imageRef);
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
!callBlock ?: callBlock(image);
});
});
}
9.预览视频
previewView.session = captureManager.captureSession
以上就是AVFoundation AVCaptureSession媒体捕捉的详细内容,更多关于AVFoundation AVCaptureSession的资料请关注编程网其它相关文章!
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