C语言实现通讯录的方法(包括静态版本和动态版本)
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1.静态通讯录的实现
实现的方法:
我们采用的方法就是工程形势,实现将功能和定义以及测试分成三个文件,其中定义放在.h文件,实现和测试放在.c文件当中。
(1)contact.h文件的基本实现:
#pragma once//防止头文件重复定义
#define NAME_MAX 20
#define SEX_MAX 5
#define TELE_MAX 12
#define ADDR_MAX 30
#define MAX 1000 //静态通讯录,最大为1000
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
struct PeoInfo
{
char name[NAME_MAX];
int age;
char sex[SEX_MAX];
char tele[TELE_MAX];
char addr[ADDR_MAX];
};
//静态的版本
struct Contact
{
struct PeoInfo data[MAX];//容量为1000的通讯录
int sz; //已经使用了多少个通讯录
};
//初始化通讯录
void InitContact(struct Contact* pc);
//通讯录的增加
void PushContact(struct Contact* pc);
//通讯录的删除:
void PopContact(struct Contact* pc);
//通讯录的打印
void ShowContact(const struct Contact* pc);
//通过名字来查找,找到返回下标,找不到返回-1。
int FindContactByName(const struct Contact* pc, const char* name);
//通讯的查找并打印
void SearchContact(const struct Contact* pc);
//修改联系人的信息
void ModContact(struct Contact* pc);
//以名字排序
void SortByNameContact(struct Contact* pc);
//清空所有联系人
void DestroyContact(struct Contact* pc);
(2)contact.c文件的基本实现
#include"contact.h"
//通讯录的初始化
void InitContact(struct Contact* pc)
{
pc->sz = 0;
memset(pc->data, 0, sizeof(struct PeoInfo) * MAX);
}
//通讯录增加
void PushContact(struct Contact* pc)
{
if (pc->sz >= MAX)
{
printf("This contact is full!\n");
}
printf("please input name:>");
scanf("%s", &pc->data[pc->sz].name);
printf("please input age:>");
scanf("%d", &pc->data[pc->sz].age);
printf("please input sex:>");
scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].sex);
printf("please input tele:>");
scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].tele);
printf("please input addr:>");
scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].addr);
printf("Add successful\n");
pc->sz++;
}
//通过名字来查找,找到返回下标,找不到返回-1。
int FindContactByName(const struct Contact* pc, const char* ThisName)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < pc->sz; i++)
{
if (strcmp(ThisName, pc->data[i].name) == 0)
{
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
//通讯录的打印
void ShowContact(const struct Contact* pc)
{
printf("%15s\t%5s\t%8s\t%15s\t%20s\n", "name", "age","sex","tele","addr");
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < pc->sz; i++)
{
printf("%15s\t%5d\t%8s\t%15s\t%20s\n", pc->data[i].name, pc->data[i].age, pc->data[i].sex, pc->data[i].tele, pc->data[i].addr);
}
}
//通讯录的删除:
void PopContact(struct Contact* pc)
{
if (pc->sz == 0)
{
printf("Address book is empty. Can Not be deleted\n");
return;
}
char name[NAME_MAX] = { 0 };
printf("Please enter the name of the person you want to delete:>");
scanf("%s", name);
//1.查找
int pos = FindContactByName(pc, name);
if ( pos == -1)
{
printf("There's no one by that name!\n");
}
else
{
//2.删除
int j = 0;
for (j = pos; j < pc->sz - 1; j++)
{
pc->data[j] = pc->data[j + 1];
}
printf("Delection successful\n");
}
pc->sz--;
}
//通讯的查找
void SearchContact(const struct Contact* pc)
{
char name[NAME_MAX] = { 0 };
printf("please input name of you want to search:>");
scanf("%s", name);
int pos = FindContactByName(pc, name);
if (pos == -1)
{
printf("No this one!\n");
}
else
{
printf("%15s\t%5s\t%8s\t%15s\t%20s\n", "name", "age", "sex", "tele", "addr");
printf("%15s\t%5d\t%8s\t%15s\t%20s\n",
pc->data[pos].name,
pc->data[pos].age,
pc->data[pos].sex,
pc->data[pos].tele,
pc->data[pos].addr);
}
}
//修改联系人的信息
void ModContact(struct Contact* pc)
{
char name[NAME_MAX] = { 0 };
printf(" Please enter the name of the person you want to modify : > ");
scanf("%s", name);
int pos = FindContactByName(pc, name);
if (pos == -1)
{
printf("No this one\n");
}
else
{
printf("please input new name:>");
scanf("%s", &pc->data[pos].name);
printf("please input new age:>");
scanf("%d", &pc->data[pos].age);
printf("please input new sex:>");
scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].sex);
printf("please input new tele:>");
scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].tele);
printf("please input new addr:>");
scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].addr);
printf("Modify successful\n");
}
}
//以名字排序
void SortByNameContact(struct Contact* pc)
{
if (pc->sz == 0 || pc->sz == 1)
{
printf("Too few contacts to sort\n");
}
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < pc->sz ; i++)
{
int flag = 0;
for (j = 0; j < pc->sz - 1 - i; j++)
{
if (strcmp(pc->data[j].name, pc->data[j + 1].name) > 0)
{
struct PeoInfo tmp = pc->data[j];
pc->data[j] = pc->data[j + 1];
pc->data[j + 1] = tmp;
flag = 1;
}
}
if (flag == 0)
{
break;
}
}
printf("Sort successful\n");
}
//清空所有联系人
void DestroyContact(struct Contact* pc)
{
pc->sz = 0;
printf("Destroy successful\n");
}
(3)test.c文件的实现
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"contact.h"
void menu()
{
printf("************************************\n");
printf("****** 1.add 2.del *******\n");
printf("****** 3.search 4.modify *******\n");
printf("****** 5.show 6.sort *******\n");
printf("****** 7.destroy 0.exit *******\n");
printf("************************************\n");
}
enum Option//使用枚举,增加代码的可读性
{
EXIT,
ADD,
DEL,
SEARCH,
MODIFY,
SHOW,
SORT,
DESTROY,
};
int main()
{
int input;
struct Contact con;
//初始化通讯录
InitContact(&con);
do
{
menu();
printf("please select:>\n");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case EXIT:
printf("exit succseeful!\n");
break;
case ADD:
PushContact(&con);
break;
case DEL:
PopContact(&con);
break;
case SEARCH:
SearchContact(&con);
break;
case MODIFY:
ModContact(&con);
break;
case SHOW:
ShowContact(&con);
break;
case SORT:
SortByNameContact(&con);
break;
case DESTROY:
DestroyContact(&con);
break;
default:
printf("Select error, please select again!\n");
}
} while (input);
return 0;
}
2.动态通讯录的实现
实现的方法:
和静态实现细节都差不多,只是静态使用的数组,所以固定了通讯录的大小,不能超出通讯录大小的限制,且没有使用完还会造成空间的浪费。所以使用动态内存分配来实现动态的通讯录。会节省空间并且是通讯录的大小变得灵活。
(1)contact.h文件的基本实现:
#pragma once//防止头文件重复定义
#define NAME_MAX 20
#define SEX_MAX 5
#define TELE_MAX 12
#define ADDR_MAX 30
#define DEFINE_SZ 3
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct PeoInfo
{
char name[NAME_MAX];
int age;
char sex[SEX_MAX];
char tele[TELE_MAX];
char addr[ADDR_MAX];
};
//动态的版本
struct Contact
{
struct PeoInfo* data;
int sz;//通讯录已经使用元素的个数
int capacity; //当前的最大容量
};
//初始化通讯录
void InitContact(struct Contact* pc);
//通讯录的增加
void PushContact(struct Contact* pc);
//通讯录的删除:
void PopContact(struct Contact* pc);
//通讯录的打印
void ShowContact(const struct Contact* pc);
//通过名字来查找,找到返回下标,找不到返回-1。
int FindContactByName(const struct Contact* pc, const char* name);
//通讯的查找并打印
void SearchContact(const struct Contact* pc);
//修改联系人的信息
void ModContact(struct Contact* pc);
//以名字排序
void SortByNameContact(struct Contact* pc);
//清空所有联系人
void DestroyContact(struct Contact* pc);
(2)contact.c文件的基本实现
#include"contact.h"
//通讯录的初始化
void InitContact(struct Contact* pc)
{
pc->sz = 0;
pc->data = (struct PeoInfo*)malloc(sizeof(struct PeoInfo) * DEFINE_SZ);
if (pc->data == NULL)
{
printf("malloc fail\n");
return;
}
pc->capacity = DEFINE_SZ;
}
//通讯录增加
void PushContact(struct Contact* pc)
{
if (pc->sz == pc->capacity)
{
//增容:
struct PeoInfo* ptr = (struct PeoInfo*)realloc(pc->data, sizeof(struct PeoInfo) * (pc->capacity + 2));
if (ptr == NULL)
{
printf("realloc fail\n");
return;
}
else
{
pc->data = ptr;
pc->capacity += 2;
printf("Compatibilization successful\n");
}
}
//录入新增成员信息:
printf("please input name:>");
scanf("%s", &pc->data[pc->sz].name);
printf("please input age:>");
scanf("%d", &pc->data[pc->sz].age);
printf("please input sex:>");
scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].sex);
printf("please input tele:>");
scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].tele);
printf("please input addr:>");
scanf("%s", pc->data[pc->sz].addr);
printf("Add successful\n");
pc->sz++;
}
//通过名字来查找,找到返回下标,找不到返回-1。
int FindContactByName(const struct Contact* pc, const char* ThisName)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < pc->sz; i++)
{
if (strcmp(ThisName, pc->data[i].name) == 0)
{
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
//通讯录的打印
void ShowContact(const struct Contact* pc)
{
printf("%15s\t%5s\t%8s\t%15s\t%20s\n", "name", "age", "sex", "tele", "addr");
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < pc->sz; i++)
{
printf("%15s\t%5d\t%8s\t%15s\t%20s\n", pc->data[i].name, pc->data[i].age, pc->data[i].sex, pc->data[i].tele, pc->data[i].addr);
}
}
//通讯录的删除:
void PopContact(struct Contact* pc)
{
if (pc->sz == 0)
{
printf("Address book is empty. Can Not be deleted\n");
return;
}
char name[NAME_MAX] = { 0 };
printf("Please enter the name of the person you want to delete:>");
scanf("%s", name);
//1.查找
int pos = FindContactByName(pc, name);
if (pos == -1)
{
printf("There's no one by that name!\n");
}
else
{
//2.删除
int j = 0;
for (j = pos; j < pc->sz - 1; j++)
{
pc->data[j] = pc->data[j + 1];
}
printf("Delection successful\n");
}
pc->sz--;
}
//通讯的查找
void SearchContact(const struct Contact* pc)
{
char name[NAME_MAX] = { 0 };
printf("please input name of you want to search:>");
scanf("%s", name);
int pos = FindContactByName(pc, name);
if (pos == -1)
{
printf("No this one!\n");
}
else
{
printf("%15s\t%5s\t%8s\t%15s\t%20s\n", "name", "age", "sex", "tele", "addr");
printf("%15s\t%5d\t%8s\t%15s\t%20s\n",
pc->data[pos].name,
pc->data[pos].age,
pc->data[pos].sex,
pc->data[pos].tele,
pc->data[pos].addr);
}
}
//修改联系人的信息
void ModContact(struct Contact* pc)
{
char name[NAME_MAX] = { 0 };
printf(" Please enter the name of the person you want to modify : > ");
scanf("%s", name);
int pos = FindContactByName(pc, name);
if (pos == -1)
{
printf("No this one\n");
}
else
{
printf("please input new name:>");
scanf("%s", &pc->data[pos].name);
printf("please input new age:>");
scanf("%d", &pc->data[pos].age);
printf("please input new sex:>");
scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].sex);
printf("please input new tele:>");
scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].tele);
printf("please input new addr:>");
scanf("%s", pc->data[pos].addr);
printf("Modify successful\n");
}
}
//以名字排序
void SortByNameContact(struct Contact* pc)
{
if (pc->sz == 0 || pc->sz == 1)
{
printf("Too few contacts to sort\n");
}
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < pc->sz; i++)
{
int flag = 0;
for (j = 0; j < pc->sz - 1 - i; j++)
{
if (strcmp(pc->data[j].name, pc->data[j + 1].name) > 0)
{
struct PeoInfo tmp = pc->data[j];
pc->data[j] = pc->data[j + 1];
pc->data[j + 1] = tmp;
flag = 1;
}
}
if (flag == 0)
{
break;
}
}
printf("Sort successful\n");
}
//清空所有联系人
void DestroyContact(struct Contact* pc)
{
pc->sz = 0;
pc->capacity = 0;
free(pc->data);
pc->data = NULL;
printf("Destroy successful\n");
}
(3)test.c文件的实现
#include"contact.h"
void menu()
{
printf("************************************\n");
printf("****** 1.add 2.del *******\n");
printf("****** 3.search 4.modify *******\n");
printf("****** 5.show 6.sort *******\n");
printf("****** 7.destroy 0.exit *******\n");
printf("************************************\n");
}
enum Option
{
EXIT,
ADD,
DEL,
SEARCH,
MODIFY,
SHOW,
SORT,
DESTROY,
};
int main()
{
int input;
struct Contact con;
//初始化通讯录
InitContact(&con);
do
{
menu();
printf("please select:>\n");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case EXIT:
DestroyContact(&con);
printf("exit succseeful!\n");
break;
case ADD:
PushContact(&con);
break;
case DEL:
PopContact(&con);
break;
case SEARCH:
SearchContact(&con);
break;
case MODIFY:
ModContact(&con);
break;
case SHOW:
ShowContact(&con);
break;
case SORT:
SortByNameContact(&con);
break;
case DESTROY:
DestroyContact(&con);
break;
default:
printf("Select error, please select again!\n");
}
} while (input);
return 0;
}
3.总结
其实通讯录的实现就是数据结构的一种体现,我们需要学的东西还有很多,请大家一起跟我努力吧!!
再就是有问题请大家及时指正!!!谢谢大家。
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