python route 知识总结
route 可以从url提取相应的参数,如controller,action或者其它用户自己定义的变量
1.Mapper().connect Mapper().match
- from routes import Mapper
- map = Mapper()
- map.connect(None,"error/{action}/{id}",controller="controller_obj") #定义匹配规则
- result = map.match('error/myapp/4') #匹配url='error/myapp/4'
- #result 匹配结果
- {'action': u'myapp', 'controller': u'controller_obj', 'id': u'4'}
- map.connect(None,"/message/:name",controller='my_contro') #除 {} 外,:也可以作为匹配符号
- result = map.match('/message/12')
- #result 匹配结果
- {'controller': u'my_contro', 'name': u'12'}
2.route.middleware以及Mapper.resource
参照cinder 2013.1版代码写的
- #!/usr/bin/env/python
- #coding=utf-8
- from routes import Mapper
- from routes import middleware
- import webob.dec
- from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
- class controller(object):
- def __init__(self):
- self.i = 1
- def __call__(self):
- print self.i
- def search(self):
- return "do search()"
- def show(self):
- return "do show()"
- def index(self):
- return "do index()"
- def update(self):
- return "do update()"
- def delete(self):
- return "do delete()"
- def create(self):
- return "do create()"
- def create_many(self):
- return "do create_many()"
- def update_many(self):
- return "do update_many()"
- def list_many(self):
- return "do list_many()"
- def delete_many(self):
- return "do delete_many()"
- class appclass(object):
- def __init__(self):
- a = controller()
- map = Mapper()
- """路由匹配条件1"""
- #map.connect('/images',controller=a,
- # action='search',
- # conditions={'method':['GET']})
- """路由匹配条件2"""
- #map.connect('name',"/{action}/{pid}",controller=a)
- """路由匹配条件3"""
- #map.resource("message","messages",controller=a,collection={'search':'GET'})
- """路由匹配条件4"""
- #map.resource('message', 'messages',controller=a,
- #collection={'list_many':'GET','create_many':'POST'},
- #member={'update_many':'POST','delete_many':'POST'})
- """路由匹配条件5"""
- map.resource('message', 'messages',controller=a,path_prefix='/{projectid}',
- collection={'list_many':'GET','create_many':'POST'},
- member={'update_many':'POST','delete_many':'POST'})
- self.route = middleware.RoutesMiddleware(self.dispatch,map)
- @webob.dec.wsgify
- def __call__(self,req):
- return self.route
- @staticmethod
- @webob.dec.wsgify
- def dispatch(req):
- match = req.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][1]
- print "route match result is:",match
- if not match:
- return "fake url"
- controller = match['controller']
- action = match['action']
- if hasattr(controller,action):
- func = getattr(controller,action)
- ret = func()
- return ret
- else:
- return "has no action:%s" %action
- if __name__=="__main__":
- app = appclass()
- server = make_server('',8088,app)
- server.serve_forever()
分析:
1)webob.dec.wsgify是webob为WSGI应用程序提供的一个装饰器,作用是将一个函数转换成一个WSGI应用。
参考资料 http://tumblr.wachang.net/post/38149417931/python-paste-webob-3
2)routes.middleware.RoutesMiddleware,将接受到的url,自动调用map.match()方法,将url进行路由匹配并将结果存入request请求的环境变量['wsgiorg.routing_args'],最后会调用其第一个参数给出的函数接口,即self.dispatch。
参考资料 http://blog.csdn.net/networm3/article/details/8666150
3)map.connect 及map.resource均用来建立路由匹配条件
针对程序中的匹配条件1
map.connect('/images',controller=a,action='search',conditions={'method':['GET']})
curl | 路由匹配结果 (程序中的route match result is) | curl请求得到的结果 |
curl -X GET http://localhost:8088/images | {'action': u'search', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x10c2b10>} | "do search()" |
匹配条件指定了curl的动作为GET ,访问路径为images 对应的action 为search
匹配条件2
map.connect('name',"/{action}/{pid}",controller=a)
curl | 路由匹配结果 (程序中的route match result is) | curl请求得到的结果 |
curl -X GET http://localhost:8088/show/hihi | {'action': u'show', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x2203b10>, 'pid': u'hihi'} | "do show()" |
curl -X POST http://localhost:8088/failfunc/test | {'action': u'failfunc', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x2203b10>, 'pid': u'test'} | "has no action:failfunc" |
匹配条件3
map.resource("message","messages",controller=a) ,map.resource内部定义了默认的匹配条件
第一个参数message为 member_name(资源名),第二个参数messages为collection_name(资源集合名),一般定义资源集合名为资源名的复数,我这里随便取名
collection_name作为访问的路径名,且当没有传入参数controller时,controller=collection_name
map.resource("message","messages",controller=a) 等同于以下匹配条件:
map.connect('/messages',controller=a,action='index',conditions={'method':['GET']})
map.connect('/messages',controller=a,action='create',conditions={'method':['POST']})
map.connect('/messages/{id}',controller=a,action='show',conditions={'method':['GET']})
map.connect('/messages/{id}',controller=a,action='update',conditions={'method':['PUT']})
map.connect('/messages/{id}',controller=a,action='delete',conditions={'method':['DELETE']})
前两条是针对整个资源集合的操作,后三条是针对资源集合中某个固定资源的操作
curl | 路由匹配结果 (程序中的route match result is) | curl请求得到的结果 |
curl -X POST http://localhost:8088/messages | {'action': u'create', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x1dbbb10>} | "do create()" |
curl -X GET http://localhost:8088/messages | {'action': u'index', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x1dbbb10>} | "do index()" |
curl -X GET http://localhost:8088/messages/12 | {'action': u'show', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x1dbbb10>, 'id': u'12'} | "do show()" |
curl -X PUT http://localhost:8088/messages/12 | {'action': u'update', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x1dbbb10>, 'id': u'12'} | "do update()" |
curl -X DELETE http://localhost:8088/messages/12 | {'action': u'delete', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x1dbbb10>, 'id': u'12'} | "do delete()" |
当url传入的id包含'.',会将'.'后的字符窜匹配为format,如输入的id 为 '12.hihi' ,匹配id='12', format='hihi'
匹配条件4
map.resource('message', 'messages',controller=a,
collection={'search':'GET','create_many':'POST'},
member={'update_many':'POST','delete_many':'POST'})
map.resource除了默认的路由条件外,还可以额外的定义‘资源集合的方法’以及‘单个资源的方法’
collection={'search':'GET','create_many':'POST'} 定义了资源集合方法 search,其curl动作为GET,create_many,其curl动作为POST
member={'update_many':'POST','delete_many':'POST'} 定义了单个资源方法 update_many,其curl动作为POST,delete_many,其curl动作为POST
curl | 路由匹配结果 (程序中的route match result is) | curl请求得到的结果 |
curl -X GET http://localhost:8088/messages/search | {'action': u'search', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x253db10>} | do search() |
curl -X POST http://localhost:8088/messages/create_many | {'action': u'create_many', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x253db10>} | do create_many() |
curl -X POST http://localhost:8088/messages/1/update_many | {'action': u'update_many', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x253db10>, 'id': u'1'} | do update_many() |
curl -X POST http://localhost:8088/messages/1/delete_many | {'action': u'delete_many', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x253db10>, 'id': u'1'} | do delete_many() |
匹配条件5
map.resource('message', 'messages',controller=a,path_prefix='/{projectid}',
collection={'list_many':'GET','create_many':'POST'},
member={'update_many':'POST','delete_many':'POST'})
map.resource初始化时还可以指定curl访问路径的前缀路径,如匹配条件3及4没有指定时,默认为collection_name(资源集合名)
指定path_prefix后,路径为path_prefix/collection_name
curl | 路由匹配结果 (程序中的route match result is) | curl请求得到的结果 |
curl -X POST http://localhost:8088/proj1/messages | {'action': u'create', 'projectid': u'proj1', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x1375b10>} | do create() |
curl -X GET http://localhost:8088/proj1/messages/list_many | {'action': u'list_many', 'projectid': u'proj1', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x1375b10>} | do list_many() |
curl -X POST http://localhost:8088/proj1/messages/member_3/update_many | {'action': u'update_many', 'projectid': u'proj1', 'controller': <__main__.controller object at 0x1375b10>, 'id': u'member_3'} | do update_many() |
在路由5的条件下,添加一条
map.resource('type', 'types',controller=other_controller,
parent_resource=dict(member_name='message',
collection_name='messages'),
path_prefix = '{projectid}/%s/:%s_id' %('nex','nexs'))
curl -X POST http://localhost:8088/proj1/nex/17/types
匹配nexs_id 为17,controller 为other_controller, parent_resource的作用为形成name_prefix = 'message_',具体作用不详,有待研究
参考资料:http://routes.readthedocs.org/en/latest/restful.html
疑问:
resource中的controller对象的类定义必须要有__call__,要不然,匹配后变为type(controller)为unicode,原因不明,有待研究
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