Java利用Jackson序列化实现数据脱敏详解
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1.背景
在项目中有些敏感信息不能直接展示，比如客户手机号、身份证、车牌号等信息，展示时均需要进行数据脱敏，防止泄露客户隐私。脱敏即是对数据的部分信息用脱敏符号（*）处理。
2.目标
- 在服务端返回数据时，利用Jackson序列化完成数据脱敏，达到对敏感信息脱敏展示。
- 降低重复开发量，提升开发效率
- 形成统一有效的脱敏规则
- 可基于重写默认脱敏实现的desensitize方法，实现可扩展、可自定义的个性化业务场景的脱敏需求
3.主要实现
3.1基于Jackson的自定义脱敏序列化实现
StdSerializer：所有标准序列化程序所使用的基类，这个是编写自定义序列化程序所推荐使用的基类。
ContextualSerializer： 是Jackson 提供的另一个序列化相关的接口，它的作用是通过字段已知的上下文信息定制JsonSerializer。
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.serializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.BeanProperty;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.ContextualSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.StdSerializer;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.Symbol;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.annotation.Desensitize;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.Desensitization;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.DesensitizationFactory;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.DefaultDesensitization;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ObjectDesensitizeSerializer extends StdSerializer<Object> implements ContextualSerializer {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -7868746622368564541L;
private transient Desensitization<Object> desensitization;
protected ObjectDesensitizeSerializer() {
super(Object.class);
}
public Desensitization<Object> getDesensitization() {
return desensitization;
}
public void setDesensitization(Desensitization<Object> desensitization) {
this.desensitization = desensitization;
}
@Override
public JsonSerializer<Object> createContextual(SerializerProvider prov, BeanProperty property) {
//获取属性注解
Desensitize annotation = property.getAnnotation(Desensitize.class);
return createContextual(annotation.desensitization());
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public JsonSerializer<Object> createContextual(Class<? extends Desensitization<?>> clazz) {
ObjectDesensitizeSerializer serializer = new ObjectDesensitizeSerializer();
if (clazz != DefaultDesensitization.class) {
serializer.setDesensitization((Desensitization<Object>) DesensitizationFactory.getDesensitization(clazz));
}
return serializer;
}
@Override
public void serialize(Object value, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider provider) throws IOException {
Desensitization<Object> objectDesensitization = getDesensitization();
if (objectDesensitization != null) {
try {
gen.writeObject(objectDesensitization.desensitize(value));
} catch (Exception e) {
gen.writeObject(value);
}
} else if (value instanceof String) {
gen.writeString(Symbol.getSymbol(((String) value).length(), Symbol.STAR));
} else {
gen.writeObject(value);
}注：createContextual可以获得字段的类型以及注解。当字段拥有自定义注解时，取出注解中的值创建定制的序列化方式，这样在serialize方法中便可以得到这个值了。createContextual方法只会在第一次序列化字段时调用（因为字段的上下文信息在运行期不会改变），所以无需关心性能问题。
3.2定义脱敏接口、以及工厂实现
3.2.1脱敏器接口定义
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization;
public interface Desensitization<T> {
T desensitize(T target);
}3.2.2脱敏器工厂实现
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class DesensitizationFactory {
private DesensitizationFactory() {
}
private static final Map<Class<?>, Desensitization<?>> map = new HashMap<>();
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public static Desensitization<?> getDesensitization(Class<?> clazz) {
if (clazz.isInterface()) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("desensitization is interface, what is expected is an implementation class !");
}
return map.computeIfAbsent(clazz, key -> {
try {
return (Desensitization<?>) clazz.newInstance();
} catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException(e.getMessage(), e);
}
});3.3常用的脱敏器实现
3.3.1默认脱敏实现
可基于默认实现，扩展实现个性化场景
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization;
public interface DefaultDesensitization extends Desensitization<String> {
}3.3.2手机号脱敏器
实现对手机号中间4位号码脱敏
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.Symbol;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public class MobileNoDesensitization implements DefaultDesensitization {
private static final Pattern DEFAULT_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("(13[0-9]|14[579]|15[0-3,5-9]|16[6]|17[0135678]|18[0-9]|19[89])\d{8}");
@Override
public String desensitize(String target) {
Matcher matcher = DEFAULT_PATTERN.matcher(target);
while (matcher.find()) {
String group = matcher.group();
target = target.replace(group, group.substring(0, 3) + Symbol.getSymbol(4, Symbol.STAR) + group.substring(7, 11));
}
return target;3.4注解定义
通过@JacksonAnnotationsInside实现自定义注解，提高易用性
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.annotation;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JacksonAnnotationsInside;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JsonSerialize;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.Desensitization;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.serializer.ObjectDesensitizeSerializer;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@JacksonAnnotationsInside
@JsonSerialize(using = ObjectDesensitizeSerializer.class)
@Documented
public @interface Desensitize {
@SuppressWarnings("all")
Class<? extends Desensitization<?>> desensitization();
3.4.1默认脱敏注解
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.annotation;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JacksonAnnotationsInside;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.DefaultDesensitization;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target({ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@JacksonAnnotationsInside
@Desensitize(desensitization = DefaultDesensitization.class)
@Documented
public @interface DefaultDesensitize {
3.4.2手机号脱敏注解
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.annotation;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JacksonAnnotationsInside;
import com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints.desensitization.MobileNoDesensitization;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target({ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@JacksonAnnotationsInside
@Desensitize(desensitization = MobileNoDesensitization.class)
@Documented
public @interface MobileNoDesensitize {
}3.5定义脱敏符号
支持指定脱敏符号，例如* 或是 ^_^
package com.jd.ccmp.ctm.constraints;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
public class Symbol {
public static final String STAR = "*";
private Symbol() {}
public static String getSymbol(int number, String symbol) {
return IntStream.range(0, number).mapToObj(i -> symbol).collect(Collectors.joining());
}4.使用样例&执行流程剖析
程序类图
**执行流程剖析**
1.调用JsonUtil.toJsonString()开始执行序列化
2.识别属性mobile上的注解@MobileNoDesensitize(上文3.4.2)
3.调用ObjectDesensitizeSerializer#createContextual(上文3.1 & 3.2)，返回JsonSerializer
4.调用手机号脱敏实现MobileNoDesensitization#desensitize(上文3.3.2)
5.输出脱敏后的序列化结果，{"mobile":"133****5678"}
不难发现核心执行流程是第3步，但是@MobileNoDesensitize与ObjectDesensitizeSerializer又是如何联系起来的呢？
- 尝试梳理下引用链路：@MobileNoDesensitize -> @Desensitize -> @JsonSerialize -> ObjectDesensitizeSerializer
- 但是，在ObjectDesensitizeSerializer的实现中，我们似乎却没有发现上述链路的直接调用关系
- 这就不得不说下Jackson元注解的概念
/
@Target({ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@JacksonAnnotation
public @interface JacksonAnnotationsInside
{
}正是通过”combo-annotations”(组合注解、捆绑注解)的机制，实现了指示Jackson应该使用其拥有的元注释，而不是使用目标注释，从而实现了自定义脱敏实现设计目标。
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