SpringBoot请求发送与信息响应匹配实现方法介绍

2022-11-13 18:41

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发送虚拟请求访问controller

我们在test类中虚拟访问controller，就得发送虚拟请求。

先创建一个controller

package com.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/tests")
public class TestController {
    @GetMapping
    public String test(){
        System.out.println("test is running");
        return "test is success";
    }
}

在test中，这个是一个get请求，所以我们调用get，如果是put，则调用put即可

package com;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.RequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
//开启虚拟MVC调用
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class WebTest {
    @Test
//    注入虚拟MVC调用对象
    public void test(@Autowired MockMvc mvc) throws Exception {
       //创建虚拟请求，当前访问/tests，MockMvcRequestBuilders是一个工具类
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder= MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/tests");
//执行请求
        mvc.perform(builder);
    }
}

访问需要用到的一个RequestBuilder，我们按ctrl+h显示出它的实现类

运行结果

打印出了结果，说明访问成功

匹配响应执行状态

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
//开启虚拟MVC调用
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class WebTest {
    @Test
//    注入虚拟MVC调用对象
    public void test(@Autowired MockMvc mvc) throws Exception {
       //创建虚拟请求，当前访问/tests，MockMvcRequestBuilders是一个工具类
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder= MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/tests");
//        执行请求
        ResultActions action = mvc.perform(builder);
        //设置预期值与真实值进行比较，成功则测试通过，失败则测试不通过
        //定义本次调用的预期值
        StatusResultMatchers status= MockMvcResultMatchers.status();
        //预计本次调用成功的状态为200
        ResultMatcher ok=status.isOk();
        //添加预计值到本次调用过程中进行匹配
        action.andExpect(ok);
    }
}

运行成功不会有任何反应

当将get改为put制造一个错误，或修改不存在的路径等其他错误，则就会报出错误信息。

匹配响应体

虚拟请求体匹配

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
//开启虚拟MVC调用
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class WebTest {
    @Test
//    注入虚拟MVC调用对象
    public void testBody(@Autowired MockMvc mvc) throws Exception {
        //创建虚拟请求，当前访问/tests，MockMvcRequestBuilders是一个工具类
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder= MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/tests");
//        执行请求
        ResultActions action = mvc.perform(builder);
        //设置预期值与真实值进行比较，成功则测试通过，失败则测试不通过
        //定义本次调用的预期值
        ContentResultMatchers content = MockMvcResultMatchers.content();
        //预计本次调用成功的状态为200
        ResultMatcher result= content.string("test is success1");
        //添加预计值到本次调用过程中进行匹配
        action.andExpect(result);
    }
}

如果一致则不会有任何错误信息出现，若信息不一致，则会出现

匹配json格式响应体

先创建一个类pojo对象

package com.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Person {
    private String  name;
    private String  age;
    private String  detail;
}

controller下

package com.controller;
import com.pojo.Person;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/tests")
public class TestController {
    @RequestMapping("/person")
    public Person testPerson(){
        Person person = new Person();
        person.setName("zhangsan");
        person.setAge("14");
        person.setDetail("xijie");
        return person;
    }
}

启动访问得到一组json数据

我们在测试类中修改一个，使他产生错误的信息

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
//开启虚拟MVC调用
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class WebTest 
    @Test
//    注入虚拟MVC调用对象
    public void testJson(@Autowired MockMvc mvc) throws Exception {
        //创建虚拟请求，当前访问/tests，MockMvcRequestBuilders是一个工具类
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder= MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/tests/person");
//        执行请求
        ResultActions action = mvc.perform(builder);
        ContentResultMatchers content = MockMvcResultMatchers.content();
        ResultMatcher result= content.json("{\"name\":\"zhangsan\",\"age\":\"14\",\"detail\":\"xijie1\"}");
        //添加预计值到本次调用过程中进行匹配
        action.andExpect(result);
    }
}

运行结果

匹配响应头

   @Test
//    注入虚拟MVC调用对象
    public void testHeader(@Autowired MockMvc mvc) throws Exception {
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder= MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/tests");
        ResultActions action = mvc.perform(builder);
        HeaderResultMatchers header = MockMvcResultMatchers.header();
        ResultMatcher result = header.string("Content-Type", "application/json");
        //添加预计值到本次调用过程中进行匹配
       action.andExpect(result);
    }

匹配了一个/tests，返回字符串的方法。，就可以看出它的差别了

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/tests")
public class TestController {
    @GetMapping
    public String test(){
        System.out.println("test is running");
        return "test is success";
    }
}