oracle的克隆

2024-04-02 19:55

短信预约 -IT技能 免费直播动态提醒

oracle on linux安装多台服务器时可以采用一次安装副本多台克隆即可，简单快速.
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1、检查下列包是否安装
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yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libcap1 \
elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-devel glibc-common \
libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel sysstat expat \
ksh unixODBC unixODBC-devel
--配置系统
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 4946772 kB
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal: 12289716 kB
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 17G 2.8G 14G 18% /
/dev/sda1 1012M 40M 921M 5% /boot
none 891M 0 891M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hdc 192M 192M 0 100% /media/cdrom
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2.参数修改
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1.设置需要的IP
2、修改host文件
在/etc/hosts文件中添加一个全限定域名，如：
vi /etc/hosts
192.168.50.180 vp01 vp01.vpay.com
192.168.50.190 vp02 vp02.vpay.com
3. 查看修改结果
hostname
cat /etc/hosts | grep `eval hostname`
4、设置核心参数
　1、在/etc/sysctl.conf文件中加入下列行：
#vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.suid_dumpable = 1
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=4194304
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586
　5、运行下列命令改变核心参数：
#/sbin/sysctl -p
　6、在/etc/security/limits.conf文件中加入下列行：
# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle hard stack 10240
7、在/etc/pam.d/login文件中加入下列行：
# vi +13 /etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_limits.so
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3.创建下列组和用户
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groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper -d /home/oracle -m oracle
passwd oracle
123
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4.设置oracle用户的环境变量
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用oracle登录在：/home/oracle/.bash_profile文件末尾,注意把其中ORACLE_SID换成自己的实例名：
# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
也可以
#su - oracle
#vi .bash_profile
增加下列内容：
# Oracle Settings
TMP=/tmp;
export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP;
export TMPDIR
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;
export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1;
export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=jinri;
export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm;
export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH;
export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;
export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;
export CLASSPATH
#LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.1;
export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
#set language
NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE"_CHINA.AL32UTF8
export NLS_LANG
EDITOR=vi
export EDITOR
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
alias oratrace="cat $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/trace/alert_jinri.log"
alias oradata="cd $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID"
alias oranetwork="cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin"
alias topc='ps -e -o pcpu,pid,user,tty,args | sort -n -k 1 -r | head'
alias topm='ps -e -o pmem,pid,user,tty,args | sort -n -k 1 -r | head'
----新建必要的数据目录
#mkdir /u01/backup/ && chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01/backup/
# mkdir /data/ctl
# chown -R oracle.oinstall /data/ctl/
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5.副本克隆安装数据库
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--1.vp01正常关闭数据库
[oracle@vp01 20760982]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on 星期一 9月 28 18:27:13 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> shutdown immediate
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> exit
[oracle@vp01 20760982]$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-9月 -2015 18:27:39
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
命令执行成功
---2.vp01打包
$cd /u01/
$tar czvf oracle.tar.gz /u01/
---3.vp01将oracle安装副本压缩包传递到vp02
scp -r -p -P 16335 /u01/oracle.tar.gz oracle@10.174.157.163:/u01/backup/
---4.vp02解压修改权限
#chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01/backup/oracle.tar.gz
#cd /u01/backup/
# tar zxvf oracle.tar.gz -C /u01/
--移动目录到上一层
# cd /u01/u01/ && mv app/ ../ && ls /u01/u01/ && ls /u01/app/
#rm -rf /u01/u01
---控制文件有个副本在不同目录
#cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/jinri/control01.ctl /data/ctl/control03.ctl
#chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01/app/
#chown -R oracle.oinstall /data/ctl/
--relink
$cd
$relink all
writing relink log to: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/relink.log
----5.修改监听解析文件
$ cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = jinri)
(SID_NAME = jinri)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.174.157.163)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@vp02 ~]$
#将vp01修改为vp02对应IP
$ cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
JINRI =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = vp02)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jinri)
)
)
-----6.附加oracle主目录
cd $ORACLE_HOME/oui/bin
$ $ORACLE_HOME/oui/bin/runInstaller –silent -attachHome -invPrtLoc /u01/app/oraInventory/oraInst.loc \
ORACLE_HOME_NAME="OraDb11g_home1" \
ORACLE_HOME="/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1"
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking swap space: must be greater than 500 MB. Actual 4999 MB Passed
The inventory pointer is located at /etc/oraInst.loc
The inventory is located at /u01/app/oraInventory
Please execute the '/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh' script at the end of the session.
'AttachHome' was successful.
#/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
--注册前
$ cat /u01/app/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes" ?>
<!-- Copyright (c) 1999, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
All rights reserved. -->
<INVENTORY>
<VERSION_INFO>
<SAVED_WITH>11.2.0.4.0</SAVED_WITH>
<MINIMUM_VER>2.1.0.6.0</MINIMUM_VER>
</VERSION_INFO>
<HOME_LIST>
</HOME_LIST>
<COMPOSITEHOME_LIST>
</COMPOSITEHOME_LIST>
</INVENTORY>
--注册前
$ cat /u01/app/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes" ?>
<!-- Copyright (c) 1999, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
All rights reserved. -->
<INVENTORY>
<VERSION_INFO>
<SAVED_WITH>11.2.0.4.0</SAVED_WITH>
<MINIMUM_VER>2.1.0.6.0</MINIMUM_VER>
</VERSION_INFO>
<HOME_LIST>
<HOME NAME="OraDb11g_home1" LOC="/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1" TYPE="O" IDX="1"/>
</HOME_LIST>
<COMPOSITEHOME_LIST>
</COMPOSITEHOME_LIST>
</INVENTORY>
$ cat /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
----7.分离oracle主目录(需要的时候)
$ORACLE_HOME/oui/bin/runInstaller –silent -detachHome -invPrtLoc /u01/app/oraInventory/oraInst.loc \
ORACLE_HOME_NAME="OraDb11g_home1" \
ORACLE_HOME="/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1"
----8.启动监听文件
$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-9月 -2015 19:30:48
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
启动/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: 请稍候...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
系统参数文件为/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
写入/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/vp02/listener/alert/log.xml的日志信息
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=vp02)(PORT=1521)))
正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
LISTENER 的 STATUS
------------------------
别名 LISTENER
版本 TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
启动日期 28-9月 -2015 19:30:48
正常运行时间 0 天 0 小时 0 分 2 秒
跟踪级别 off
安全性 ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
监听程序参数文件 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
监听程序日志文件 /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/vp02/listener/alert/log.xml
监听端点概要...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=vp02)(PORT=1521)))
监听程序不支持服务
命令执行成功
$ tnsping jinri
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-9月 -2015 19:31:11
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
已使用的参数文件:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
已使用 TNSNAMES 适配器来解析别名
尝试连接 (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = vp02)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = jinri)))
OK (0 毫秒)
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on 星期一 9月 28 20:17:45 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
已连接到空闲例程。
SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
Total System Global Area 3925032960 bytes
Fixed Size 2259240 bytes
Variable Size 822085336 bytes
Database Buffers 3087007744 bytes
Redo Buffers 13680640 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE