安装完mysql数据库后的优化(删除多余用户和数据库)
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1、查看数据库的版本信息:
MariaDB [(none)]> select version();
+----------------+
| version() |
+----------------+
| 5.5.52-MariaDB |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.18 sec)
2、删除多余的账号(除root和localhost的)
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql
MariaDB [mysql]> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+------------------------+
| user | host |
+------+------------------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | ::1 |
| | localhost |
| root | localhost |
| | lvs-dr01.saltstack.com |
| root | lvs-dr01.saltstack.com |
+------+------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.03 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> delete from mysql.user where (user,host) not in (select 'root','localhost');
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.05 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------+
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)
3、修改mysql默认的mysql管理账号
修改默认的mysql管理账号(root改为mysql,并设置新密码为redhat12345)
MariaDB [mysql]> update user set user="admin" where user="root";
MariaDB [mysql]> update mysql.user set user='admin',password=password('redhat12345');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [mysql]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
[root@LVS-DR01 ~]# mysql -uadmin -p'redhat12345'
MariaDB [(none)]> user mysql;
MariaDB [mysql]> show tables;
继续查询:
MariaDB [mysql]> select user,host from mysql.user;
+-------+-----------+
| user | host |
+-------+-----------+
| admin | localhost |
+-------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4、删除test数据库:
MariaDB [mysql]> drop database test;
MariaDB [mysql]> flush privileges;
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.06 sec)
5、优化权限字典表mysql.db
如下所示:新建MySQL数据库后,默认创建的test数据库权限比较怪异,所有可连接的用户都能够拥有权限访问该库,并操作其中的对象,Host为%,User为空,说明了不受限制,所有能连接到MySQL的用户,全部拥有test及test开头的数据库的几乎所有权限。
MariaDB [mysql]> select * from mysql.db where db like 'test%' \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: %
Db: test
User:
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Host: %
Db: test\_%
User:
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
2 rows in set (0.31 sec)
优化的操作:
MariaDB [mysql]> truncate table mysql.db;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> select * from mysql.db where db like 'test%' \G
Empty set (0.00 sec)
6、如何优化/root/.mysql_history文件
[root@LVS-DR01 ~]# tail -20 ~/.mysql_history
flush privileges;
select user,host from mysql.user;
delete from mysql.user where user="'molewan1'@'10.10.10.%'";
delete from mysql.db where user='molewan1'@'10.10.10.%';
select user,host from mysql.user;
delete from mysql.user where user=molewan1;
delete from mysql.user where user='molewan1@10.10.10.%';
flush privileges;
select user,host from mysql.user;
delete from mysql.user where user="molewan1" and host ="10.10.10.%";
flush privileges;
select user,host from mysql.user;
delete from mysql.user where user="molewan" and host="10.10.10.%";
flush privileges;
create user molewan@'10.10.10.%' identified by 'molewan';
select user,host from mysql.user;
desc mysql.user;
update mysql.user set password=password('admin') where user='admin' and host='localhost';
flush privileges;
\q
说明:在Linux/Unix系统下,使用mysql命令行工具执行的所有操作,都会被记录到一个名为.mysql_history的文件中,该文件默认保存在当前用户的根目录下
这个设定原本是为了提升mysql命令行操作体验,在mysql中操作命令就可以上下翻动了,但某些情况下缺会造成隐患。
如何消除隐患:
方法1:基于DB层的操作
修改MYSQL_HISTFILE环境变量,将其值改为/dev/null,这样所有的操作都会被输出到空,操作的历史
自然不会被保留。
方法2:基于系统层操作
仍旧保留这个文件,但是改文件实际上未/dev/null的软链接,这样所有的操作都会被输出到空,操作的历史自然不会被保留。
ln -f -s /dev/null ~/.mysql_history
[root@LVS-DR01 ~]# tail -20 ~/.mysql_history
这时候就没有输出了
到此,安装完成后的基本优化已经完成
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