Oracle静默安装(单机）

linux下静默安装oracle数据库各参数选项作用说明

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说明： 1. 操作系统版本为 Redhat6.7 ， IP ： 192.168.56.20 ，主机名： slient 。

    2. 数据库版本为 11.2.0.4 ；

一：检查

1.内存（至少1G）

grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

2.SWAP分区

   内存在 2G 以下 ， SWAP 分区就设置为内存的 1.5 倍

   内存在 2G 至 8G 之间， SWAP 就设置为内存大小

   内存在 8G 以上， SWAP 就设置为内存大小的 0.75 倍。

   查看 SWAP 分区情况：

 

grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

 

3.TMP空间

   要求至少 400M

   查看 TMP 空间

  df -k /tmp

 

4.查看系统补丁包

rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel pdksh libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel make sysstat

 

binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.43.el6.x86_64

package compat-libcap1 is not installed

package compat-libstdc++-33 is not installed

package gcc is not installed

package gcc-c++ is not installed

glibc-2.12-1.166.el6.x86_64

glibc-devel-2.12-1.166.el6.x86_64

package pdksh is not installed

libgcc-4.4.7-16.el6.x86_64

libstdc++-4.4.7-16.el6.x86_64

package libstdc++-devel is not installed

libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64

package libaio-devel is not installed

make-3.81-20.el6.x86_64

sysstat-9.0.4-27.el6.x86_64

注： pdksh没有安装，可以忽略。安装了ksh。

 

挂在光盘，安装未安装的包，如下：

[root@slient ~]# df -h

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3        35G  2.9G   31G   9% /

tmpfs           940M   76K  940M   1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1       477M   41M  411M   9% /boot

/dev/sr0        3.6G  3.6G     0 100% /media/RHEL-6.7 Server.x86_64

[root@slient ~]#

[root@slient ~]# cd /mnt

[root@slient mnt]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt

mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

 

-- 配置 yum 源：

vi yum.repo

[base]

name=base

baseurl=file:/// mnt /Server   

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

[HighAvailability]

name=HighAvailability

baseurl=file:/// mnt /HighAvailability

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

[ResilientStorage]

name=ResilientStorage

baseurl=file:/// mnt /ResilientStorage

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

[LoadBalancer]

name=LoadBalancer

baseurl=file:/// mnt /LoadBalancer

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

—安装未安装的包：

yum install -y compat-libcap1*

yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33*

yum install -y gcc*

yum install -y libstdc++-devel*

yum install -y libaio-devel*

 

5. 确认防火墙和 selinux已关闭

----- 查看 selinux 状态： sestatus

关闭 SELinux 的方法：

　　修改 /etc/selinux/config 文件中的 SELINUX="" 为 disabled ，然后重启。

　　如果不想重启系统，使用命令 setenforce 0

 

------ 查看 iptables 状态： service iptables status

关闭防火墙

     1) 重启后永久性生效：

　　开启： chkconfig iptables on

　　关闭： chkconfig iptables off

　　 2) 即时生效，重启后失效：

　　开启： service iptables start

　　关闭： service iptables stop

6. 增加相关用户及组

 groupadd oinstall

 groupadd dba

 useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

 passwd oracle

 

7. 修改配置文件  

/etc/security/limits.conf 文件，添加如下：

Vi /etc/security/limits.conf

2047 oracle               hard     nproc    

1024 oracle               hard     nofile   

10240   's/^#.*$//g'

sed -i  *.rsp INSTALL_DB_SWONLY<1span style="font-family:" color:#0000ff;"="">

ORACLE_HOSTNAME= slient

UNIX_GROUP_NAME= oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION= /u01/app/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES= en

ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

ORACLE_BASE= /u01/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition =EE

oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP= DBA

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=

oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=

oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=

oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet= AL32UTF8

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption= true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas= false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings= true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES= true

PROXY_HOST=

PROXY_PORT=

PROXY_USER=

PROXY_PWD=

PROXY_REALM=

COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=

oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=

oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=

AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

 

6. 静默安装软件 ：

[oracle@slient database]$ pwd

/home/oracle/slient/database

[oracle@slient database]$ ls

install  readme.html  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html

[oracle@slient database]$ ./runInstaller  -silent -force -noconfig -responseFile /home/oracle/slient/database/response/db_install.rsp

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

 

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 25659 MB    Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 4095 MB    Passed

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2017-07-13_04-13-03AM. Please wait ...[oracle@slient database]$ [WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment do not meet some optional requirements.

    CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. /tmp/OraInstall2017-07-13_04-13-03AM/installActions2017-07-13_04-13-03AM.log

   ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: /tmp/OraInstall2017-07-13_04-13-03AM/installActions2017-07-13_04-13-03AM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.

You can find the log of this install session at:

 /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2017-07-13_04-13-03AM.log

 

[oracle@slient database]$  more The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.

Please check '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2017-07-13_04-13-03AM.log' for more details.

 

As a root user, execute the following script(s):

        1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

        2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

 

 

Successfully Setup Software.

 

[root@slient ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

 

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the scrip t is complete.

[root@slient ~]#

[root@slient ~]#  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

Check /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_slient_2017-07-13_04-24-08.log for the output of root script

[root@slient ~]# cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_slient_2017-07-13_04-25-03.log

Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

 

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

 

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Finished product-specific root actions.

Finished product-specific root actions.

[root@slient ~]#

 

7. 静默安装监听

-- 编辑监听静默文件：

[oracle@slient response]$ cat netca.rsp

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2"

CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"

[oracle.net.ca]

INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}

INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""

LISTENER_NUMBER=1

LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}

LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}

LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""

NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}

NSN_NUMBER=1

NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}

NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}

NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}

[oracle@slient response]$

 

[oracle@slient response]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/slient/database/response/netca.rsp

 

Parsing command line arguments:

    Parameter "silent" = true

    Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/slient/database/response/netca.rsp

Done parsing command line arguments.

Oracle Net Services Configuration:

Profile configuration complete.

Oracle Net Listener Startup:

    Running Listener Control:

      /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER

    Listener Control complete.

    Listener started successfully.

Listener configuration complete.

Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

[oracle@slient response]$

 

8. 静默 dbca建库

[oracle@slient response]$ more dbca.rsp

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]

GDBNAME = "test"

SID = "test

TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"

[createTemplateFromDB]

SOURCEDB = "myhost:1521:orcl"

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "system"

TEMPLATENAME = "My Copy TEMPLATE"

[createCloneTemplate]

SOURCEDB = "orcl"

TEMPLATENAME = "My Clone TEMPLATE"

[DELETEDATABASE]

SOURCEDB = "orcl"

[generateScripts]

TEMPLATENAME = "New Database"

GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com"

[CONFIGUREDATABASE]

[ADDINSTANCE]

DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"

NODELIST=

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"

[DELETEINSTANCE]

DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"

INSTANCENAME = "orcl11g"

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"

[oracle@slient response]$

 

上面就可以成功建库，但绝大多数情况 [CREATEDATABASE] 下还需要指定一些其他参数， 因为默认的可能不符合实际要求，尤其是你创建的数据库字符集必须要按你的设计需求显示指定： 加入如下部分（ em, 可以不加 ）

characterSet = "ZHS16GBK"

memoryPercentage = "60"

emConfiguration = "LOCAL"

sysPassword = "oracle"

systemPassword = "oracle"

dbsnmpPassword = "oracle"

sysmanPassword = "oracle"

 

 

[oracle@slient response]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/slient/database/response/dbca.rsp

Copying database files

1% complete

3% complete

11% complete

18% complete

26% complete

37% complete

Creating and starting Oracle instance

40% complete

45% complete

50% complete

55% complete

56% complete

60% complete

62% complete

Completing Database Creation

66% complete

70% complete

73% complete

85% complete

96% complete

100% complete

Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/test/test.log" for further details.

[oracle@slient response]$

注意：如果已经在响应文件中配置 sys和system密码，上面就不会提示你输入密码了。

完成！