CentOS 6 下RPM方式安装MySQL5.6

1. 下载Linux对应的RPM包，如：CentOS6.7_64对应的RPM包，如下：
[root@mysql ~]# ll
总用量 113808
-rw-------. 1 root root     1434 12月 13 18:47 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    42556 12月 13 18:47 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    10033 12月 13 18:45 install.log.syslog
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 23135399 12月 13 18:56 MySQL-client-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  4586217 12月 13 18:56 MySQL-devel-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 88715219 12月 13 18:56 MySQL-server-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
2. 检查MySQL及相关RPM包，是否安装，如果有安装，则移除（rpm –e 名称）
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ev mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64 --nodeps
3. 安装MySQL
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:MySQL-server           ########################################### [100%]
warning: user mysql does not exist - using root
warning: group mysql does not exist - using root
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com
New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:MySQL-devel            ########################################### [100%]
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:MySQL-client           ########################################### [100%]
4. 初始化MySQL及设置密码
[root@mysql ~]# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db             -- mysql_install_db脚本来生成帐户和相应权限许可表
WARNING: The host 'mysql' could not be looked up with /usr/bin/resolveip.
This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible
。。省略输出。。
WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system
This file will be read by default by the MySQL server
If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the
--defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server
[root@mysql ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@mysql ~]# cat /root/.mysql_secret    --查看root账号密码
# The random password set for the root user at Tue Dec 13 18:59:06 2016 (local time): 7MhtyX3aZEl9OUf8
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:               --（此处复制粘贴 7MhtyX3aZEl9OUf8）
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.2
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
说明：  出现mysql>   表示一切顺利成功。
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');   --设置密码为123456
5. 允许远程登陆
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host      | user | password                                  |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| mysql     | root | *6D95CDA252C85345E8BC1C4168E962D3949C30F9 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *6D95CDA252C85345E8BC1C4168E962D3949C30F9 |
| ::1       | root | *6D95CDA252C85345E8BC1C4168E962D3949C30F9 |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4  Changed: 3  Warnings: 0
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
6. 设置开机自启动
[root@mysql ~]# chkconfig mysql on
[root@mysql ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql
mysql           0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
7.  MySQL的默认安装位置
/var/lib/mysql/               #数据库目录
/usr/share/mysql              #配置文件目录
/usr/bin                     #相关命令目录
/etc/init.d/mysql              #启动脚本
8.  更改MySQL目录与字符集
[root@mysql01 /]# cd /
[root@mysql01 /]# mkdir data    #建立data目录
[root@mysql01 /]#  service mysql stop 
Shutting down MySQL....                                    [  OK  ]
[root@mysql01 /]# mv /var/lib/mysql  /data   #把/var/lib/mysql整个目录移到/home/data
[root@mysql01 /]#  mkdir -p /data/mysql/binarylog
[root@mysql01 /]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
 
如果/etc/目录下没有my.cnf配置文件，请到/usr/share/mysql/下找到*.cnf文件，拷贝其中一个到/etc/并改名为my.cnf中
[root@mysql ~]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf    --修改配置文件位置
配置/etc/my.cnf文件,修改数据存放路径、mysql.sock路径以及默认编码utf-8.
[root@mysql01 /]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
password = 123456
port = 3306
default-character-set = utf8
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
character_set_server = utf8
character_set_client = utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
lower_case_table_names = 1
max_connections = 1000
datadir = /data/mysql/
log_bin = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog 
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
socket  = /data/mysql/mysql.sock 

查看字符集
show variables like '%collation%';
show variables like '%char%';

9. 重新启动MySQL服务

[root@mysql ~]# service mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
OK  一切成功