Java依赖注入容器超详细全面讲解
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一、依赖注入Dependency Injection
DI容器底层最基本的设计思路就是基于工厂模式。
DI容器的核心功能：配置解析、对象创建、对象声明周期。
完整的代码：Dependency Injection。
二、解析
通过配置，让DI容器知道要创建哪些对象。
DI容器读取文件，根据配置文件来创建对象。
2.1 典型的配置文件
下面是一个典型的配置文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans>
<bean id="productInfo" class="com.hef.review.designpatterns.creational.di.beans.ProductInfo">
<constructor-arg type="String" value="P01"/>
<constructor-arg type="int" value="200"/>
</bean>
<bean id="productSell" class="com.hef.review.designpatterns.creational.di.beans.ProductSell">
<constructor-arg ref="productInfo"/>
</bean>
</beans>
2.2 配置文件所对应的Java类
public class ProductInfo {
private String productName;
private int productVersion;
public ProductInfo(String productName, int productVersion) {
this.productName = productName;
this.productVersion = productVersion;
}
// 省略 getter 和 setter
}
public class ProductSell {
private ProductInfo productInfo;
public ProductSell(ProductInfo productInfo) {
this.productInfo = productInfo;
}
public void sell() {
System.out.println("销售：" + productInfo);
}
// 省略 getter 和 setter
}
2.3 定义解析器
Bean定义：
public class BeanDefinition {
private String id;
private String className;
private List<ConstructorArg> constructorArgs = new ArrayList<>();
private Scope scope = Scope.SINGLETON;
private boolean lazyInit = false;
public BeanDefinition(){}
public BeanDefinition(String id, String className) {
this.id = id;
this.className = className;
}
// 省略getter 和 setter方法
}
配置解析接口：
public interface BeanConfigParser {
List<BeanDefinition> parse(InputStream in);
}
XML解析实现（使用Java自带的DOM解析类库）：
public class BeanXmlConfigParser implements BeanConfigParser {
@Override
public List<BeanDefinition> parse(InputStream in) {
try {
List<BeanDefinition> result = new ArrayList<>();
DocumentBuilderFactory documentBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = documentBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document doc = documentBuilder.parse(in);
doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();
NodeList beanList = doc.getElementsByTagName("bean");
for (int i = 0; i < beanList.getLength(); i++) {
Node node = beanList.item(i);
if (!Objects.equals(node.getNodeType(), Node.ELEMENT_NODE)) continue;
Element element = (Element) node;
BeanDefinition beanDefinition = new BeanDefinition(element.getAttribute("id"), element.getAttribute("class"));
if (element.hasAttribute("scope")
&& StringUtils.equals(element.getAttribute("scope"), BeanDefinition.Scope.PROTOTYPE.name())) {
beanDefinition.setScope(BeanDefinition.Scope.PROTOTYPE);
}
if (element.hasAttribute("lazy-init")
&& Boolean.valueOf(element.getAttribute("lazy-init"))) {
beanDefinition.setLazyInit(true);
}
List<BeanDefinition.ConstructorArg> constructorArgs = createConstructorArgs(element);
if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(constructorArgs)) {
beanDefinition.setConstructorArgs(constructorArgs);
}
result.add(beanDefinition);
}
return result;
}catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
private List<BeanDefinition.ConstructorArg> createConstructorArgs(Element element) {
List<BeanDefinition.ConstructorArg> result = new ArrayList<>();
NodeList nodeList = element.getElementsByTagName("constructor-arg");
if (nodeList.getLength()==0) return result;
for (int i = 0; i < nodeList.getLength(); i++) {
Node node = nodeList.item(i);
if (!Objects.equals(node.getNodeType(), Node.ELEMENT_NODE)) continue;
Element ele = (Element) node;
BeanDefinition.ConstructorArg arg = new BeanDefinition.ConstructorArg();
if (ele.hasAttribute("type") && StringUtils.isNoneBlank(ele.getAttribute("type"))) {
String type = ele.getAttribute("type");
String value = ele.getAttribute("value");
arg.setType(fetchClassType(type));
arg.setArg(fetchArgValue(type, value));
arg.setRef(false);
}else if (ele.hasAttribute("ref")) {
arg.setRef(true);
arg.setArg(ele.getAttribute("ref"));
}
result.add(arg);
}
return result;
}
private Object fetchArgValue(String typeValue, String value) {
if (StringUtils.equals(typeValue, "int") || StringUtils.contains(typeValue, "Integer")) {
return Integer.parseInt(value);
}else if (StringUtils.contains(typeValue, "String")) {
return value;
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("未知类型");
}
}
private Class<?> fetchClassType(String typeValue) {
if (StringUtils.equals(typeValue, "int")){
return Integer.TYPE;
} else if(StringUtils.contains(typeValue, "Integer")) {
return Integer.class;
}else if (StringUtils.contains(typeValue, "String")) {
return String.class;
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("未知类型");
}
}
}三、bean工厂（根据bean定义创建bean对象）
根据bean工厂创建bean的对象：
public class BeansFactory {
private ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private ConcurrentHashMap<String, BeanDefinition> beanDefinitions = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
public void addBeanDefinitions(List<BeanDefinition> beanDefinitionList) {
for (BeanDefinition beanDefinition : beanDefinitionList) {
this.beanDefinitions.putIfAbsent(beanDefinition.getId(), beanDefinition);
}
for (BeanDefinition beanDefinition : beanDefinitionList) {
if (!beanDefinition.isLazyInit() && beanDefinition.isSingleton()) {
singletonObjects.put(beanDefinition.getId(), createBean(beanDefinition));
}
}
}
public Object getBean(String beanId) {
BeanDefinition beanDefinition = beanDefinitions.get(beanId);
checkState(Objects.nonNull(beanDefinition), "Bean is not defined:" + beanId);
return createBean(beanDefinition);
}
private Object createBean(BeanDefinition beanDefinition) {
if (beanDefinition.isSingleton() && singletonObjects.containsKey(beanDefinition.getId())) {
return singletonObjects.get(beanDefinition.getId());
}
Object result = null;
try {
Class<?> beanClass = Class.forName(beanDefinition.getClassName());
List<BeanDefinition.ConstructorArg> constructorArgs = beanDefinition.getConstructorArgs();
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(constructorArgs)) {
result = beanClass.newInstance();
} else {
Class[] argClasses = new Class[constructorArgs.size()];
Object[] argObjects = new Object[constructorArgs.size()];
for (int k = 0; k < constructorArgs.size(); k++) {
BeanDefinition.ConstructorArg arg = constructorArgs.get(k);
if (!arg.isRef()) {
argClasses[k] = arg.getType();
argObjects[k] = arg.getArg();
} else {
BeanDefinition refBeanDefinition = beanDefinitions.get(arg.getArg());
checkState(Objects.nonNull(refBeanDefinition), "Bean is not defined: " + arg.getArg());
argClasses[k] = Class.forName(refBeanDefinition.getClassName());
argObjects[k] = createBean(refBeanDefinition);
}
}
result = beanClass.getConstructor(argClasses).newInstance(argObjects);
}
if (Objects.nonNull(result) && beanDefinition.isSingleton()) {
singletonObjects.putIfAbsent(beanDefinition.getId(), result);
return singletonObjects.get(beanDefinition.getId());
}
return result;
}catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}四、DI容器（上下文）
4.1 容器接口
public interface ApplicationContext {
Object getBean(String beanId);
void loadBeanDefinitions(String configLocation);
}
4.2 XML容器
public class ClassPathXmlApplicationContext implements ApplicationContext {
private BeansFactory beansFactory;
private BeanConfigParser beanConfigParser;
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String configLocation) {
this.beansFactory = new BeansFactory();
this.beanConfigParser = new BeanXmlConfigParser();
loadBeanDefinitions(configLocation);
}
public void loadBeanDefinitions(String configLocation) {
try (InputStream in = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(configLocation)) {
if (in==null) {
throw new RuntimeException("未发现配置文件:" + configLocation);
}
List<BeanDefinition> beanDefinitionList = beanConfigParser.parse(in);
beansFactory.addBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionList);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public Object getBean(String beanId) {
return beansFactory.getBean(beanId);
}
}
五、使用DI容器
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// testReadResourceXML();
// testParseXML();
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
Object productInfo = context.getBean("productInfo");
System.out.println(productInfo);
ProductSell productSell = (ProductSell)context.getBean("productSell");
productSell.sell();
}
// 省略 testReadResourceXML() 和 testParseXML()
}
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