如何获取更新剪贴板的应用程序的进程ID或名称？

在调用 emptyclipboard 之前，应用程序必须打开剪贴板 通过使用 openclipboard 函数。如果应用程序指定 打开剪贴板时窗口句柄为null，emptyclipboard成功 但将剪贴板所有者设置为 null。请注意，这会导致 setclipboarddata 失败。

▶ clipboardupdatemonitor 类在收到剪贴板通知时生成一个事件。事件中传递的自定义 clipboardchangedeventargs 对象包含由 getclipboardowner() 返回的剪贴板所有者的句柄、由 getwindowthreadprocessid() 和进程名称，由 process.getprocessbyid()。

您可以像这样设置 clipboardupdatemonitor 对象：
_{该类也可以在program.cs中初始化}

private clipboardupdatemonitor clipboardmonitor = null;
// [...]

clipboardmonitor = new clipboardupdatemonitor();
clipboardmonitor.clipboardchangednotify += this.clipboardchanged;
// [...]

private void clipboardchanged(object sender, clipboardchangedeventargs e)
{
    console.writeline(e.processid);
    console.writeline(e.processname);
    console.writeline(e.threadid);
}

using system.diagnostics;
using system.runtime.interopservices;
using system.security.permissions;
using system.windows.forms;

public sealed class clipboardupdatemonitor : idisposable
{
    private bool isdisposed = false;
    private static clipboardwindow window = null;
    public event eventhandler clipboardchangednotify;

    public clipboardupdatemonitor()
    {
        window = new clipboardwindow();
        if (!nativemethods.addclipboardformatlistener(window.handle)) {
            throw new typeinitializationexception(nameof(clipboardwindow), 
                new exception("clipboardformatlistener could not be initialized"));
        }
        window.clipboardchanged += clipboardchangedevent;
    }

    private void clipboardchangedevent(object sender, clipboardchangedeventargs e) 
        => clipboardchangednotify?.invoke(this, e);

    public void dispose()
    {
        if (!isdisposed) {
            // cannot allow to throw exceptions here: add more checks to verify that 
            // the nativewindow still exists and its handle is a valid handle
            nativemethods.removeclipboardformatlistener(window.handle);
            window?.destroyhandle();
            isdisposed = true;
        }
    }

    ~clipboardupdatemonitor() => dispose();

    private class clipboardwindow : nativewindow
    {
        public event eventhandler clipboardchanged;
        public clipboardwindow() {
            new securitypermission(securitypermissionflag.unmanagedcode).demand();
            var cp = new createparams();

            cp.caption = "clipboardwindow";
            cp.height = 100;
            cp.width = 100;

            cp.parent = intptr.zero;
            cp.style = nativemethods.ws_clipchildren;
            cp.exstyle = nativemethods.ws_ex_controlparent | nativemethods.ws_ex_toolwindow;
            this.createhandle(cp);
        }
        protected override void wndproc(ref message m)
        {
            switch (m.msg) {
                case nativemethods.wm_clipboardupdate:
                    intptr owner = nativemethods.getclipboardowner();
                    var threadid = nativemethods.getwindowthreadprocessid(owner, out uint processid);
                    string processname = string.empty;
                    if (processid != 0) {
                        using (var proc = process.getprocessbyid((int)processid)) { 
                            processname = proc?.processname;
                        }
                    }
                    clipboardchanged?.invoke(null, new clipboardchangedeventargs(processid, processname, threadid));
                    m.result = intptr.zero;
                    break;
                default:
                    base.wndproc(ref m);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
}

自定义 eventargs 对象，用于携带收集的有关剪贴板所有者的信息：

public class clipboardchangedeventargs : eventargs
{
    public clipboardchangedeventargs(uint processid, string processname, uint threadid)
    {
        this.processid = processid;
        this.processname = processname;
        this.threadid = threadid;
    }
    public uint processid { get; }
    public string processname { get; }
    public uint threadid { get; }
}

nativemethods 类：

internal static class NativeMethods
{
    [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
    internal static extern bool AddClipboardFormatListener(IntPtr hwnd);

    [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
    internal static extern bool RemoveClipboardFormatListener(IntPtr hwnd);

    [DllImport("user32.dll")]
    internal static extern IntPtr GetClipboardOwner();

    [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    internal static extern uint GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hWnd, out uint lpdwProcessId);

    internal const int WM_CLIPBOARDUPDATE = 0x031D;

    internal const int WS_CLIPCHILDREN = 0x02000000;
    internal const int WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW = 0x00000080;
    internal const int WS_EX_CONTROLPARENT = 0x00010000;
}

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