Nginx安装后常用功能配置基础篇

2024-04-02 19:55

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1.主配置文件与虚拟主机分离

如果虚拟主机很多的话，进行分离看起来会更方便，还可以按功能、业务进行划分，下面以两个虚拟主机为例。

完整的除去空行和注释后的配置文件：

[root@nginx-01 conf]# egrep -v "#|^$" nginx.conf.bak 
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

创建/app/nginx/conf目录下虚拟主机配置目录

mkdir extra

利用server模块创建www和bbs两个虚拟站点

[root@nginx-01 conf]# cat -n nginx.conf
[root@nginx-01 conf]# sed -n '10,20p' nginx.conf
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

www站点

[root@nginx-01 conf]# cat extra/www.conf 
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.yygg.com;
        location / {
            root   html/www;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }

bbs站点

[root@nginx-01 conf]# cat extra/bbs.conf 
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  bbs.yygg.com;
        location / {
            root   html/bbs;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html/bbs;
        }
    }

主配置文件配置（nginx.conf）

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
include extra/www.conf;
include extra/bbs.conf;
}

检查配置

[root@nginx-01 conf]# /app/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /app/nginx-1.18.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /app/nginx-1.18.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful

创建站点目录

[root@nginx-01 conf]# mkdir /app/nginx/html/{www,bbs}
[root@nginx-01 conf]# echo "http://www.yygg.com" >>/app/nginx/html/www/index.html
[root@nginx-01 conf]# echo "http://bbs.yygg.com" >>/app/nginx/html/bbs/index.html
[root@nginx-01 conf]# echo "192.168.1.5 www.yygg.com bbs.yygg.com" >>/etc/hosts

启动服务并测试

[root@nginx-01 conf]# /app/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@nginx-01 conf]# curl www.yygg.com
http://www.yygg.com
[root@nginx-01 conf]# curl bbs.yygg.com
http://bbs.yygg.com

2.虚拟主机别名设置

以www站点为例，设置别名
所谓别名就是除了主域名外额外设置一个或多个域名

为www.yygg.com设置别名yygg.com。

[root@nginx-01 conf]# cat extra/www.conf 
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.yygg.com yygg.com;
        location / {
            root   html/www;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html/www;
        }
    }

重启nginx测试

[root@nginx-01 conf]# /app/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@nginx-01 conf]# cat /etc/hosts
192.168.1.5 www.yygg.com bbs.yygg.com yygg.com
[root@nginx-01 conf]# curl yygg.com
http://www.yygg.com

3.Nginx status状态信息配置

状态信息记录使用的是`ngx_http_stub_status_module`模块实现

输入/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -V检查编译是否有上述模块：

nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) 
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/app/nginx-1.18.0/ --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

创建一个status的虚拟主机，方式参考标题1，status.conf配置文件如下：

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  status.yygg.com;
        location / {
            stub_status on;
            access_log off;
        }
    }

主配置文件nginx.conf追加status虚拟主机配置

sed -i '11 i include extra/status.conf;' nginx.conf

检查语法并重启nginx

/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

配置hosts解析

192.168.1.5 status.yygg.com

访问status.yygg.com查看

[root@nginx-01 conf]# curl status.yygg.com
Active connections: 1 
server accepts handled requests
 4 4 4 
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0

显示结果解析：

Active connections: 1 ##正处理的连接数为1
server ##共处理了4次连接
accepts ##共创建了4次握手
handled requests ##共处理了4次请求
Reading ##读取到客户端的Header信息数
Writing ##返回给客户端的Header信息数
Waiting ##NGinx已经处理完正在等候下一次请求的指令的驻留连数