Python中的异常处理讲解

# TypeError:int类型不可迭代
for i in 3:
    pass

# ValueError
num=input(">>: ") #输入hello
int(num)

# NameError
aaa

# IndexError
l=['egon','aa']
l[3]

# KeyError
dic={'name':'egon'}
dic['age']

# AttributeError
class Foo:pass
Foo.x

# ZeroDivisionError:无法完成计算
res1=1/0
res2=1+'str'

try:
    被检测的代码块
except 异常类型：
    try中一旦检测到异常，就执行这个位置的逻辑

try:
    f = [ 'a', 'a', 'a','a','a', 'a','a',]
    g = (line.strip() for line in f) #元组推导式
    print(next(g))
    print(next(g))
    print(next(g))
    print(next(g))
    print(next(g))
except StopIteration:
    f.close()

s1 = 'hello'
try:
    int(s1)
except IndexError as e:  # 未捕获到异常，程序直接报错
    print(e)

s1 = 'hello'
try:
    int(s1)
except IndexError as e:
    print(e)
except KeyError as e:
    print(e)
except ValueError as e:
    print(e)
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
    try:
        f = open(arg, 'r')
    except IOError:
        print('cannot open', arg)
    else:
        print(arg, 'has', len(f.readlines()), 'lines')
        f.close()

s1 = 'hello'
try:
    int(s1)
except IndexError as e:
    print(e)
except KeyError as e:
    print(e)
except ValueError as e:
    print(e)
#except Exception as e:
#    print(e)
else:
    print('try内代码块没有异常则执行我')
finally:
    print('无论异常与否，都会执行该模块，通常是进行清理工作')

raise [Exception [, args [, traceback]]]

try:
    raise TypeError('抛出异常，类型错误')
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

try:
        raise NameError('HiThere')
    except NameError:
        print('An exception flew by!')
        raise
   
#An exception flew by!
#Traceback (most recent call last):
#  File "", line 2, in ?
#NameError: HiThere

class EgonException(Exception):
    def __init__(self, msg):
        self.msg = msg

    def __str__(self):
        return self.msg


try:
    raise EgonException('抛出异常，类型错误')
except EgonException as e:
    print(e) 

#抛出异常，类型错误

class Error(Exception):
    """Base class for exceptions in this module."""
    pass
 
class InputError(Error):
    """Exception raised for errors in the input.
 
    Attributes:
        expression -- input expression in which the error occurred
        message -- explanation of the error
    """
 
    def __init__(self, expression, message):
        self.expression = expression
        self.message = message
 
class TransitionError(Error):
    """Raised when an operation attempts a state transition that's not
    allowed.
 
    Attributes:
        previous -- state at beginning of transition
        next -- attempted new state
        message -- explanation of why the specific transition is not allowed
    """
 
    def __init__(self, previous, next, message):
        self.previous = previous
        self.next = next
        self.message = message

assert expression

if not expression:
    raise AssertionError

assert expression [, arguments]

if not expression:
    raise AssertionError(arguments)

import sys
assert ('linux' in sys.platform), "该代码只能在 Linux 下执行"
# 接下来要执行的代码

# Traceback (most recent call last):
#    File "C:/PycharmProjects/untitled/run.py", line 2, in 
#      assert ('linux' in sys.platform), "该代码只能在 Linux 下执行"
#  AssertionError: 该代码只能在 Linux 下执行