Java使用Sharding-JDBC分库分表进行操作
Sharding-JDBC 是无侵入式的 MySQL 分库分表操作工具,所有库表设置仅需要在配置文件中配置即可,无须修改任何代码。
本文写了一个 Demo,使用的是 SpringBoot 框架,通过 Docker 进行 MySQL 实例管理,分库分表结构如下图,同时所有的库都进行了主从复制:
主从库搭建
Docker 项目结构:
docker
├── docker-compose.yml
├── master
│ ├── data
│ ├── log
│ │ └── error.log
│ ├── my.cnf
│ └── mysql-files # Win 需要,Linux 不需要
├── README.md
└── slave
├── data
├── log
│ └── error.log
├── my.cnf
└── mysql-files
Compose File
version: '3'
networks:
sharding-jdbc-demo:
driver: bridge
ipam:
config:
- subnet: 172.25.0.0/24
services:
master:
image: mysql
container_name: sharding-jdbc-demo-master
ports:
- "3307:3306"
volumes:
- "./master/data:/var/lib/mysql"
- "./master/mysql-files:/var/lib/mysql-files" # win 下的 MySQL8 需要,Linux 不需要
- "./master/log/error.log:/var/log/mysql/error.log"
- "./master/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf"
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
entrypoint: bash -c "chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mysql && chmod 644 /etc/mysql/my.cnf && exec /entrypoint.sh mysqld"
restart: unless-stopped
networks:
sharding-jdbc-demo:
ipv4_address: 172.25.0.101
slave:
image: mysql
container_name: sharding-jdbc-demo-slave
ports:
- "3308:3306"
volumes:
- "./slave/data:/var/lib/mysql"
- "./slave/mysql-files:/var/lib/mysql-files"
- "./slave/log/error.log:/var/log/mysql/error.log"
- "./slave/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf"
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
entrypoint: bash -c "chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mysql && chmod 644 /etc/mysql/my.cnf && exec /entrypoint.sh mysqld"
restart: unless-stopped
networks:
sharding-jdbc-demo:
ipv4_address: 172.25.0.102
Master 配置
[mysqld]
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
log-error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
secure-file-priv = NULL
max_connections = 16384
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci
init_connect ='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
skip-name-resolve
server_id = 1
log-bin = mysql-bin
binlog-do-db = db_order_1 # 复制 db_order_1
binlog-do-db = db_order_2 # 复制 db_order_2
binlog-do-db = db_user # 复制 db_user
log-slave-updates
sync_binlog = 1
auto_increment_offset = 1
auto_increment_increment = 1
expire_logs_days = 7
log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
# Custom config should go here
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
Slave 配置
[mysqld]
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
log-error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
secure-file-priv = NULL
max_connections = 16384
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci
init_connect ='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
skip-name-resolve
skip-host-cache
server_id = 2
log-bin = mysql-bin
log-slave-updates
sync_binlog = 0
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0 # 提交策略
replicate-do-db = db_order_1 # 复制 db_order_1
replicate-do-db = db_order_2 # 复制 db_order_2
replicate-do-db = db_user # 复制 db_user
slave-net-timeout = 60 # 重连时间
log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
# Custom config should go here
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
主从配置
启动容器 docker compose up -d;
登录 Master mysql -uroot -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3307 -p ;
查看 master 状态。
mysql> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000004 # 记住 Bin log 当前文件名称
Position: 156 # 记住 Bin log 当前偏移量
Binlog_Do_DB: db_order_1,db_order_2,db_user # 确认复制数据库是否正确
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
登录 Slave mysql -uroot -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3308 -p
设置 Master 连接,注意 host 与 port 是内网的地址和端口。
mysql> change master to master_host='172.25.0.101',
master_user='root',
master_password='123456',
master_port=3306,
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004',
master_log_pos=156;
启动同步
mysql> start slave;
查看 Slave 状态,若 Slave_IO 与 Slave_SQL 都在运行为 YES 即成功。
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.0.101
Master_User: root
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 156
Relay_Log_File: d2a706a02933-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 324
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: db_order_1,db_order_2,db_user
创建分库分表
登录 Master,创建数据库:
CREATE DATABASE db_order_1;
CREATE DATABASE db_order_2;
CREATE DATABASE db_user;
此时从库也会创建数据库,若没有,则是主从配置失败了。
此时已完成垂直分库和水平分库。接下来创建数据表:
Order 1 库
先 USE db_order_1;,再分别创建 t_dict 全局表、t_order_1 和 t_order_2 水平分表。
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_dict`;
CREATE TABLE `t_dict`
(
`id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`type` int NOT NULL,
`enum_value` int NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(64) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
AUTO_INCREMENT = 7
DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4
COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci;
LOCK TABLES `t_dict` WRITE;
INSERT INTO `t_dict` VALUES (1,1,0,'未定义'),(2,1,1,'未付款'),(3,1,2,'已付款'),(4,1,3,'退款中'),(5,1,4,'已退款'),(6,1,5,'已完成'),(7,2,0,'未定义'),(8,2,1,'已创建'),(9,2,2,'已验证'),(10,2,3,'已冻结'),(11,2,4,'已注销'),(12,2,5,'已删除');
UNLOCK TABLES;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_order_1`;
CREATE TABLE `t_order_1`
(
`id` bigint NOT NULL,
`user_id` bigint NOT NULL,
`price` decimal(10, 2) NOT NULL,
`status` int NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4
COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_order_2`;
CREATE TABLE `t_order_2`
(
`id` bigint NOT NULL,
`user_id` bigint NOT NULL,
`price` decimal(10, 2) NOT NULL,
`status` int NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4
COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci;
Order 2 库
先 USE db_order_2;,再分别创建 t_dict 全局表、t_order_1 和 t_order_2 水平分表。所执行 SQL 与 db_order_1 一致。
User 库
先 USE db_user;,再分别创建 t_dict 全局表和 t_user 表,此处就不进行水平或垂直分表了。垂直分表 sharding-jdbc 不会去处理,因为垂直分表之后就是异表异构了,执行 Join 操作就可以了,或者代码进行多次查询实现。
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_dict`;
CREATE TABLE `t_dict`
(
`id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`type` int NOT NULL,
`enum_value` int NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(64) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
AUTO_INCREMENT = 7
DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4
COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci;
LOCK TABLES `t_dict` WRITE;
INSERT INTO `t_dict` VALUES (1,1,0,'未定义'),(2,1,1,'未付款'),(3,1,2,'已付款'),(4,1,3,'退款中'),(5,1,4,'已退款'),(6,1,5,'已完成'),(7,2,0,'未定义'),(8,2,1,'已创建'),(9,2,2,'已验证'),(10,2,3,'已冻结'),(11,2,4,'已注销'),(12,2,5,'已删除');
UNLOCK TABLES;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_user`;
CREATE TABLE `t_user`
(
`id` bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(128) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`type` int NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
AUTO_INCREMENT = 1426999086541635586
DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4
COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci;
Sharding-JDBC 引入
Sharding-JDBC maven 包:
<!-- Sharding-jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
<artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>4.1.1</version>
</dependency>
本 Demo 其他用到的依赖,分别是 Junit 测试、Lombok、MyBatis Plus、Druid 连接池、MySQL 驱动、Java Faker 数据生成器:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<!-- MyBatis Plus -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>3.4.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Druid -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.2.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MySQL -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Sharding-jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
<artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>4.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Data Faker -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.javafaker</groupId>
<artifactId>javafaker</artifactId>
<version>1.0.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
Sharding-JDBC 配置
可选配置
启用 SQL 打印:
spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show = true
数据源配置
总共有 t_order_1、t_order_2 和 t_user 三个库,加上单主单从的复制,因此有 6 个数据库,需要配置六个数据源:
# Datasource Define
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names = o1-master,o2-master,o1-slave,o2-slave,u-master,u-slave
# datasource o1-master
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o1-master.type = com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o1-master.driver-class-name = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o1-master.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3307/db_order_1?useUnicode=true
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o1-master.username = root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o1-master.password = 123456
# datasource o1-slave
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o1-slave.type = com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o1-slave.driver-class-name = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o1-slave.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3308/db_order_1?useUnicode=true
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o1-slave.username = root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o1-slave.password = 123456
# datasource o2-master
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o2-master.type = com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o2-master.driver-class-name = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o2-master.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3307/db_order_2?useUnicode=true
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o2-master.username = root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o2-master.password = 123456
# datasource o2-slave
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o2-slave.type = com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o2-slave.driver-class-name = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o2-slave.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3308/db_order_2?useUnicode=true
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o2-slave.username = root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.o2-slave.password = 123456
# datasource u-master
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.u-master.type = com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.u-master.driver-class-name = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.u-master.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3307/db_user?useUnicode=true
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.u-master.username = root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.u-master.password = 123456
# datasource u-slave
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.u-slave.type = com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.u-slave.driver-class-name = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.u-slave.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3308/db_user?useUnicode=true
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.u-slave.username = root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.u-slave.password = 123456
主从复制配置
主从配置不需要声明,在定义时会自动读取 key 中的主从配置库作为逻辑库,如下面的 db-order-1。
# Replication Define
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.db-order-1.master-data-source-name=o1-master
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.db-order-1.slave-data-source-names=o1-slave
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.db-order-2.master-data-source-name=o2-master
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.db-order-2.slave-data-source-names=o2-slave
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.db-user.master-data-source-name=u-master
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.master-slave-rules.db-user.slave-data-source-names=u-slave
数据节点配置
数据节点,指的是每张数据表,由于存在分库、分表、全局的不同类型,因此数据节点也有不同类型。注意,由于我们进行了主从复制,因此这里的数据库不能直接填数据源的名称,应该填在主从复制配置的 Key 中定义的名称,如 db-user 而不是 u-master 或 u-slave。
全局表:
# BroadCast Table
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.broadcast-tables = t_dict
单库单表:
key-generator.column 设置主键列。
key-generator.type 设置主键生成类型,这里使用雪花算法,其实没必要因为不是分表的,但是不填也会默认使用这个。
# Data Node t_user
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_user.actual-data-nodes = db-user.t_user
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_user.key-generator.column = id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_user.key-generator.type = SNOWFLAKE
分库分表:
在 actual-data-nodes 中使用 groovy 表达式进行设置。
在 database-strategy 中设置切分方式,具体自查,暂没时间写。
# Data Node t_order, If there is not master-salve-replication, use datasource name like "o$-master->{1..2}.t_order_$->{1..2}"
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.actual-data-nodes = db-order-$->{1..2}.t_order_$->{1..2}
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.key-generator.column = id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.key-generator.type = SNOWFLAKE
# database sharding strategy
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.database-strategy.inline.sharding-column = user_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression = db-order-$->{user_id % 2 + 1}
# table sharding strategy
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column = id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression = t_order_$->{id % 2 + 1}
Demo 程序
参见:zoharyips/sharding-jdbc-demo (github.com)
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