Java基于TCP如何实现简单聊天程序
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一、如何实现TCP通信
要实现TCP通信需要创建一个服务器端程序和一个客户端程序，为了保证数据传输的安全性，首先需要实现服务器端程序，然后在编写客户端程序。
在本机运行服务器端程序，在远程机运行客户端程序
本机的IP地址：192.168.129.222
远程机的IP地址：192.168.214.213
二、编写C/S架构聊天程序
1.编写服务器端程序 - Server.java
在net.hw.network包里创建Server类
package net.hw.network;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;import java.io.DataInputStream;import java.io.DataOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.net.ServerSocket;import java.net.Socket;public class Server extends JFrame { static final int PORT = 8136; static final String HOST_IP = "192.168.129.222"; private JPanel panel1, panel2; private JTextArea txtContent, txtInput, txtInputIP; private JScrollPane panContent, panInput; private JButton btnClose, btnSend; private ServerSocket serverSocket; private Socket socket; private DataInputStream netIn; private DataOutputStream netOut; public static void main(String[] args) { new Server(); } public Server() { super("服务器"); //创建组件 panel1 = new JPanel(); panel2 = new JPanel(); txtContent = new JTextArea(15, 60); txtInput = new JTextArea(3, 60); panContent = new JScrollPane(txtContent, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED, ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER); panInput = new JScrollPane(txtInput, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED, ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER); btnClose = new JButton("关闭"); btnSend = new JButton("发送"); //添加组件 getContentPane().add(panContent, "Center"); getContentPane().add(panel1, "South"); panel1.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 1)); panel1.add(panInput); panel1.add(panel2); panel2.add(btnSend); panel2.add(btnClose); //设置组件属性 txtContent.setEditable(false); txtContent.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 13)); txtInput.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 15)); txtContent.setLineWrap(true); txtInput.setLineWrap(true); txtInput.requestFocus(); setSize(450, 350); setLocation(50, 200); setResizable(false); setVisible(true); //等候客户请求 try { txtContent.append("服务器已启动...\n"); serverSocket = new ServerSocket(PORT); txtContent.append("等待客户请求...\n"); socket = serverSocket.accept(); txtContent.append("连接一个客户。\n" + socket + "\n"); netIn = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream()); netOut = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream()); } catch (IOException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } / //注册监听器，编写事件代码 txtContent.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() { public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) { displayClientMsg(); } }); txtInput.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() { public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) { displayClientMsg(); } }); panel2.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() { public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) { displayClientMsg(); } }); txtInput.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() { public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) { displayClientMsg(); } }); txtInput.addFocusListener(new FocusAdapter() { public void focusGained(FocusEvent e) { displayClientMsg(); } }); btnSend.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { try { String serverMsg = txtInput.getText(); if (!serverMsg.trim().equals("")) { txtContent.append("服务器>" + serverMsg + "\n"); netOut.writeUTF(serverMsg); } else { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "不能发送空信息！", "服务器", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE); } txtInput.setText(""); txtInput.requestFocus(); } catch (IOException ie) { ie.printStackTrace(); } } }); btnClose.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { try { netIn.close(); netOut.close(); socket.close(); serverSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.exit(0); } }); addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { try { netIn.close(); netOut.close(); socket.close(); serverSocket.close(); } catch (IOException ie) { ie.printStackTrace(); } System.exit(0); } public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) { txtInput.requestFocus(); } }); } //显示客户端信息 void displayClientMsg() { try { if (netIn.available() > 0) { String clientMsg = netIn.readUTF(); txtContent.append("客户端>" + clientMsg + "\n"); } } catch (IOException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } }}2.编写客户端程序 - Client.java
在net.hw.network包里创建Client类
package net.hw.network;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;import java.io.DataInputStream;import java.io.DataOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.net.InetAddress;import java.net.Socket;public class Client extends JFrame { private JPanel panel1, panel2; private JTextArea txtContent, txtInput; private JScrollPane panContent, panInput; private JButton btnClose, btnSend; private Socket socket; private DataInputStream netIn; private DataOutputStream netOut; public static void main(String[] args) { new Client(); } public Client() { super("客户端"); //创建组件 panel1 = new JPanel(); panel2 = new JPanel(); txtContent = new JTextArea(15, 60); txtInput = new JTextArea(3, 60); panContent = new JScrollPane(txtContent, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED, ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER); panInput = new JScrollPane(txtInput, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED, ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER); btnClose = new JButton("关闭"); btnSend = new JButton("发送"); //添加组件 getContentPane().add(panContent, "Center"); getContentPane().add(panel1, "South"); panel1.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 1)); panel1.add(panInput); panel1.add(panel2); panel2.add(btnSend); panel2.add(btnClose); //设置组件属性 txtContent.setEditable(false); txtContent.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 13)); txtInput.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 15)); txtContent.setLineWrap(true); txtInput.setLineWrap(true); txtInput.requestFocus(); setSize(450, 350); setLocation(550, 200); setResizable(false); setVisible(true); //连接服务器 try { txtContent.append("连接服务器...\n"); socket = new Socket(Server.HOST_IP, Server.PORT); txtContent.append("连接服务器成功。\n" + socket + "\n"); netIn = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream()); netOut = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream()); } catch (IOException e1) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "服务器连接失败！\n请先启动服务器程序！", "客户端", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE); System.exit(1); } / //注册监听器，编写事件代码 txtContent.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() { public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) { displayServerMsg(); } }); txtInput.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() { public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) { displayServerMsg(); } }); panel2.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() { public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) { displayServerMsg(); } }); txtInput.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() { public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) { displayServerMsg(); } }); txtInput.addFocusListener(new FocusAdapter() { public void focusGained(FocusEvent e) { displayServerMsg(); } }); btnSend.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { try { String clientMsg = txtInput.getText(); if (!clientMsg.trim().equals("")) { netOut.writeUTF(clientMsg); txtContent.append("客户端>" + clientMsg + "\n"); } else { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "不能发送空信息！", "客户端", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE); } txtInput.setText(""); txtInput.requestFocus(); } catch (IOException ie) { ie.printStackTrace(); } } }); btnClose.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { try { netIn.close(); netOut.close(); socket.close(); } catch (IOException ie) { ie.printStackTrace(); } System.exit(0); } }); addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { try { netIn.close(); netOut.close(); socket.close(); } catch (IOException ie) { ie.printStackTrace(); } System.exit(0); } public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) { txtInput.requestFocus(); } }); } //显示服务端信息 void displayServerMsg() { try { if (netIn.available() > 0) { String serverMsg = netIn.readUTF(); txtContent.append("服务器>" + serverMsg + "\n"); } } catch (IOException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } }}3.测试服务器端与客户端能否通信
在本机[192.168.129.222]上启动服务器端
在远程机[192.168.214.213]上启动客户端
显示连接服务器[192.168.129.222]成功，切换到服务器端查看,显示连接了一个客户[192.168.214.213]
此时，服务器端和客户端就可以相互通信了
4.程序优化思路 - 服务器端采用多线程
其实，很多服务器端程序都是允许被多个应用程序访问的，例如门户网站可以被多个用户同时访问，因此服务器端都是多线程的。
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