postgreSQL11备份与恢复方法是什么
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1、归档目录：
[postgres@centos1 arch]$ pwd
/home/postgres/arch2、设置归档命令：
archive_command
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DATE=`date +%Y%m%d`; DIR="/home/postgres/arch/$DATE"; (test -d $DIR || mkdir -p $DIR) && cp %p $DIR/%f修改wal_level和archive_mode参数都需要重新启动数据库才可以生效，修改archive_command不需要重启，只需要reload即可：
postgres=# SELECT pg_reload_conf();3、验证归档：
postgres=# checkpoint
postgres-# ;
CHECKPOINT
postgres=# select pg_switch_wal();
pg_switch_wal
---------------
0/11029F08(1 row)
[postgres@centos1 20200103]$ ll
total 16M-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 16M Jan 3 10:45 0000000100000000000000114、配置备份用户访问：
[postgres@centos1 pg_root]$ vi pg_hba.conf
host replication rep 0.0.0.0/0 md55、创建基础备份：
[postgres@centos1 pgbak]$ pg_basebackup -Ft -D /home/postgres/pgbak`date +%F` -h 192.168.1.212 -p 1921 -U rep
Password:
[postgres@centos1 pgbak2020-01-03]$ ll
total 96M
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 1.5K Jan 3 11:34 26097.tar
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 80M Jan 3 11:34 base.tar
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 17M Jan 3 11:34 pg_wal.tar查看备份内容：
[postgres@centos1 pgbak2020-01-03]$ tar -tvf base.tar |less
-rw------- postgres/postgres 226 2020-01-03 11:34 backup_label
-rw------- postgres/postgres 28 2020-01-03 11:34 tablespace_map
drwx------ postgres/postgres 0 2020-01-03 11:34 pg_wal/
drwx------ postgres/postgres 0 2020-01-03 11:34 ./pg_wal/archive_status/
drwx------ postgres/postgres 0 2019-12-19 17:24 global/
-rw------- postgres/postgres 16384 2019-12-17 16:42 global/1262
-rw------- postgres/postgres 49152 2019-06-17 23:47 global/1262_fsm
-rw------- postgres/postgres 0 2019-06-17 23:47 global/2964
-rw------- postgres/postgres 16384 2020-01-03 10:45 global/1213
-rw------- postgres/postgres 49152 2019-06-17 23:47 global/1213_fsm
-rw------- postgres/postgres 16384 2019-06-17 23:47 global/1136
-rw------- postgres/postgres 49152 2019-06-17 23:47 global/1136_fsm
-rw------- postgres/postgres 16384 2019-12-17 11:49 global/12606、生成测试恢复数据：
postgres=# create table test_bk (id int) tablespace tbs_pg01;
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# insert into test_bk values(1),(2);
INSERT 0 2由于WAL文件是写满16MB才会进行归档，测试阶段可能写入会非常少，可以在执行完 基础备份之后，手动进行一次WAL切换。如：
postgres=# checkpoint;
CHECKPOINT
postgres=# select pg_switch_wal();
pg_switch_wal
---------------
0/14027F78
(1 row)7、还原部分
关闭数据库：
[postgres@centos1 ~]$ pg_ctl stop
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped
[postgres@centos1 ~]$ ipcs移除数据库 及表空间
[postgres@centos1 ~]$ mv pgdata pgdatatbbk
[postgres@centos1 ~]$ mv pg_root pg_rootbk将备份文件拷贝到原目录
[postgres@centos1 ~]$ echo $PGDATA
/home/postgres/pg_root
[postgres@centos1 ~]$ mkdir pg_root
[postgres@centos1 ~]$ mkdir pgdata
[postgres@centos1 ~]$ cd pgbak2020-01-03
[postgres@centos1 pgbak2020-01-03]$ ll
total 96M
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 1.5K Jan 3 11:34 26097.tar
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 80M Jan 3 11:34 base.tar
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 17M Jan 3 11:34 pg_wal.tar
[postgres@centos1 pgbak2020-01-03]$ cp 26097.tar /home/postgres/pgdata
[postgres@centos1 pgbak2020-01-03]$ cp base.tar $PGDATA
[postgres@centos1 pgbak2020-01-03]$ cp pg_wal.tar $PGDATA
[postgres@centos1 pgbak2020-01-03]$ cd $PGDATA
[postgres@centos1 pg_root]$ ll
total 96M
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 80M Jan 3 12:06 base.tar
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 17M Jan 3 12:07 pg_wal.tar解压base:
[postgres@centos1 pg_root]$ tar -xvf base.tar解压表空间：
[postgres@centos1 pgdata]$ tar -xvf 26097.tar
PG_11_201809051/
[postgres@centos1 pgdata]$ ll
total 4.0K
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 1.5K Jan 3 12:06 26097.tar
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres 6 Jan 2 20:07 PG_11_201809051解压归档文件：
[postgres@centos1 pg_root]$ tar -xvf pg_wal.tar
000000010000000000000013
archive_status/000000010000000000000013.done拷贝恢复文件
[postgres@centos1 pg_root]$ cp /opt/postgresql/share/recovery.conf.sample recovery.conf
配置恢复文件命令：
vi recovery.conf
restore_command = 'cp /home/postgres/arch/20200103/%f %p'启动数据库：
[postgres@centos1 pg_root]$ pg_ctl startwaiting for server to start....2020-01-03 13:05:16.488 CST [21872] FATAL: data directory "/home/postgres/pg_root" has invalid permissions
2020-01-03 13:05:16.488 CST [21872] DETAIL: Permissions should be u=rwx (0700) or u=rwx,g=rx (0750).
stopped waiting
pg_ctl: could not start server
Examine the log output.
报错，修改权限：
[postgres@centos1 ~]$ chmod -R 750 ./pg_root
启动数据库：
[postgres@centos1 ~]$ pg_ctl start
waiting for server to start....2020-01-03 13:09:16.927 CST [22152] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 1921
2020-01-03 13:09:16.972 CST [22152] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.1921"
2020-01-03 13:09:17.035 CST [22153] LOG: database system was interrupted; last known up at 2020-01-03 11:34:44 CST
2020-01-03 13:09:17.035 CST [22153] LOG: creating missing WAL directory "pg_wal/archive_status"
2020-01-03 13:09:17.446 CST [22153] LOG: starting archive recovery
2020-01-03 13:09:17.457 CST [22153] LOG: restored log file "000000010000000000000013" from archive
2020-01-03 13:09:17.700 CST [22153] LOG: redo starts at 0/13000028
2020-01-03 13:09:17.726 CST [22153] LOG: consistent recovery state reached at 0/13000130
2020-01-03 13:09:17.727 CST [22152] LOG: database system is ready to accept read only connections
2020-01-03 13:09:17.743 CST [22153] LOG: restored log file "000000010000000000000014" from archive
done
server started
[postgres@centos1 ~]$ 2020-01-03 13:09:17.920 CST [22153] LOG: restored log file "000000010000000000000015" from archive
cp: cannot stat ‘/home/postgres/arch/20200103/000000010000000000000016’: No such file or directory
2020-01-03 13:09:18.084 CST [22153] LOG: redo done at 0/15000140
2020-01-03 13:09:18.085 CST [22153] LOG: last completed transaction was at log time 2020-01-03 11:40:52.26971+08
2020-01-03 13:09:18.125 CST [22153] LOG: restored log file "000000010000000000000015" from archive
cp: cannot stat ‘/home/postgres/arch/20200103/00000002.history’: No such file or directory
2020-01-03 13:09:18.310 CST [22153] LOG: selected new timeline ID: 2
2020-01-03 13:09:18.477 CST [22153] LOG: archive recovery complete
cp: cannot stat ‘/home/postgres/arch/20200103/00000001.history’: No such file or directory
2020-01-03 13:09:18.840 CST [22152] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections启动完成，查看表是否存在：
[postgres@centos1 ~]$ psql
psql (11.3)
Type "help" for help.
pgdb=# \c postgres
You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres".
postgres=# select * from test_bk;
id
----
1
2恢复完成，恢复文件会变成.done
-rwxr-x--- 1 postgres postgres 5.7K Jan 3 13:00 recovery.done顺便记一下逻辑备份的部分嘿嘿
逻辑备份
[postgres@centos1 dump]$ pg_dump -F c -f ./pgdb.dmp -C -E UTF8 -h 192.168.1.212 -p 1921 -U postgres -d pgdb查看备份文件
[postgres@centos1 dump]$ pg_restore -l ./pgdb.dmp“postgreSQL11备份与恢复方法是什么”的内容就介绍到这里了，感谢大家的阅读。如果想了解更多行业相关的知识可以关注亿速云网站，小编将为大家输出更多高质量的实用文章！
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