iOS获取设备唯一标识的实现步骤

2022-05-20 11:55

短信预约 -IT技能 免费直播动态提醒

1. 常用的UUID

UDID是一个40位十六进制序列（越狱的设备通过某些工具可以改变设备的 UDID），移动网络可以利用 UDID 来识别移动设备。

许多开发者把 UDID 跟用户的个人信息关联起来，网络窥探者会从多个应用收集这些数据，然后顺藤摸瓜得到这个人的许多隐私数据，同时大部分应用确实在频繁传输 UDID 和私人信息。为了避免集体诉讼，苹果最终决定在 iOS 5 的时候，将这一惯例废除。

获取UUID的方法：



+ (NSString *)getUUID{
    return [UIDevice currentDevice].identifierForVendor.UUIDString;;
}

2. MAC 地址

MAC地址，用来表示互联网上每一个站点的标示符，是一个六个字节（48位）的十六进制序列。前三个字节是由 IEEE 的注册管理机构 RA 负责给不同厂家分配的”编制上唯一的标示符，后三个字节由各厂家自行指派给生产的适配器接口。

MAC 地址在网络上用来区分设备的唯一性，接入网络的设备都有一个MAC地址，他们肯定都是唯一的。一部 iPhone 上可能有多个 MAC 地址，包括 WIFI 的、SIM 的等，但是 iTouch 和 iPad 上就有一个 WIFI 的，因此只需获取 WIFI 的 MAC 地址就好了。一般会采取 MD5（MAC 地址 + bundleID）获取唯一标识。

但是 MAC 地址和 UDID 一样，存在隐私问题， iOS 7 之后，所有设备请求 MAC 地址会返回一个固定值，这个方法也不攻自破了。

获取MAC在github找到一个挺好的方法：

2.1 首先导入下面几个库：

2.2 新建一个文件，继承NSObject,在.m文件导入头文件，以及定义一些宏


#import "XWGetMAC.h"
#import <ifaddrs.h>
#import <resolv.h>
#import <arpa/inet.h>
#import <net/if.h>
#import <netdb.h>
#import <netinet/ip.h>
#import <net/ethernet.h>
#import <net/if_dl.h>

#define MDNS_PORT       5353
#define QUERY_NAME      "_apple-mobdev2._tcp.local"
#define DUMMY_MAC_ADDR  @"02:00:00:00:00:00"
#define IOS_CELLULAR    @"pdp_ip0"
#define IOS_WIFI        @"en0"
#define IOS_VPN         @"utun0"
#define IP_ADDR_IPv4    @"ipv4"
#define IP_ADDR_IPv6    @"ipv6"


+ (NSString *)getMAC:(BOOL)preferIPv4 {
    
    return [[XWGetMAC alloc] getIPAddress:preferIPv4];
}


- (NSString *)getIPAddress:(BOOL)preferIPv4
{
    NSArray *searchArray = preferIPv4 ?
    @[ IOS_VPN @"/" IP_ADDR_IPv4, IOS_VPN @"/" IP_ADDR_IPv6, IOS_WIFI @"/" IP_ADDR_IPv4, IOS_WIFI @"/" IP_ADDR_IPv6, IOS_CELLULAR @"/" IP_ADDR_IPv4, IOS_CELLULAR @"/" IP_ADDR_IPv6 ] :
    @[ IOS_VPN @"/" IP_ADDR_IPv6, IOS_VPN @"/" IP_ADDR_IPv4, IOS_WIFI @"/" IP_ADDR_IPv6, IOS_WIFI @"/" IP_ADDR_IPv4, IOS_CELLULAR @"/" IP_ADDR_IPv6, IOS_CELLULAR @"/" IP_ADDR_IPv4 ] ;
    
    NSDictionary *addresses = [self getIPAddr];
    
    __block NSString *address;
    [searchArray enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(NSString *key, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
        address = addresses[key];
        //筛选出IP地址格式
        if([self isValidatIP:address]) *stop = YES;
    }];
    return address ? address : @"0.0.0.0";
}

- (BOOL)isValidatIP:(NSString *)ipAddress {
    if (ipAddress.length == 0) {
        return NO;
    }
    NSString *urlRegEx = @"^([01]?\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\."
    "([01]?\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\."
    "([01]?\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])\\."
    "([01]?\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])$";
    
    NSError *error;
    NSRegularExpression *regex = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:urlRegEx options:0 error:&error];
    
    if (regex != nil) {
        NSTextCheckingResult *firstMatch=[regex firstMatchInString:ipAddress options:0 range:NSMakeRange(0, [ipAddress length])];
        return firstMatch;
    }
    return NO;
}

- (NSDictionary *)getIPAddr
{
    NSMutableDictionary *addresses = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:8];
    
    // retrieve the current interfaces - returns 0 on success
    struct ifaddrs *interfaces;
    if(!getifaddrs(&interfaces)) {
        // Loop through linked list of interfaces
        struct ifaddrs *interface;
        for(interface=interfaces; interface; interface=interface->ifa_next) {
            if(!(interface->ifa_flags & IFF_UP)  ) {
                continue; // deeply nested code harder to read
            }
            const struct sockaddr_in *addr = (const struct sockaddr_in*)interface->ifa_addr;
            char addrBuf[ MAX(INET_ADDRSTRLEN, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN) ];
            if(addr && (addr->sin_family==AF_INET || addr->sin_family==AF_INET6)) {
                NSString *name = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:interface->ifa_name];
                NSString *type;
                if(addr->sin_family == AF_INET) {
                    if(inet_ntop(AF_INET, &addr->sin_addr, addrBuf, INET_ADDRSTRLEN)) {
                        type = IP_ADDR_IPv4;
                    }
                } else {
                    const struct sockaddr_in6 *addr6 = (const struct sockaddr_in6*)interface->ifa_addr;
                    if(inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &addr6->sin6_addr, addrBuf, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN)) {
                        type = IP_ADDR_IPv6;
                    }
                }
                if(type) {
                    NSString *key = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@", name, type];
                    addresses[key] = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:addrBuf];
                }
            }
        }
        // Free memory
        freeifaddrs(interfaces);
    }
    return [addresses count] ? addresses : nil;
}



- (nullable NSString *)getMacAddress {
    res_9_init();
    int len;
    //get currnet ip address
    NSString *ip = [self currentIPAddressOf:IOS_WIFI];
    if(ip == nil) {
        fprintf(stderr, "could not get current IP address of en0\n");
        return DUMMY_MAC_ADDR;
    }//end if
    
    //set port and destination
    _res.nsaddr_list[0].sin_family = AF_INET;
    _res.nsaddr_list[0].sin_port = htons(MDNS_PORT);
    _res.nsaddr_list[0].sin_addr.s_addr = [self IPv4Pton:ip];
    _res.nscount = 1;
    
    unsigned char response[NS_PACKETSZ];
    
    
    //send mdns query
    if((len = res_9_query(QUERY_NAME, ns_c_in, ns_t_ptr, response, sizeof(response))) < 0) {
        
        fprintf(stderr, "res_search(): %s\n", hstrerror(h_errno));
        return DUMMY_MAC_ADDR;
    }//end if
    
    //parse mdns message
    ns_msg handle;
    if(ns_initparse(response, len, &handle) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "ns_initparse(): %s\n", hstrerror(h_errno));
        return DUMMY_MAC_ADDR;
    }//end if
    
    //get answer length
    len = ns_msg_count(handle, ns_s_an);
    if(len < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "ns_msg_count return zero\n");
        return DUMMY_MAC_ADDR;
    }//end if
    
    //try to get mac address from data
    NSString *macAddress = nil;
    for(int i = 0 ; i < len ; i++) {
        ns_rr rr;
        ns_parserr(&handle, ns_s_an, 0, &rr);
        
        if(ns_rr_class(rr) == ns_c_in &&
           ns_rr_type(rr) == ns_t_ptr &&
           !strcmp(ns_rr_name(rr), QUERY_NAME)) {
            char *ptr = (char *)(ns_rr_rdata(rr) + 1);
            int l = (int)strcspn(ptr, "@");
            
            char *tmp = calloc(l + 1, sizeof(char));
            if(!tmp) {
                perror("calloc()");
                continue;
            }//end if
            memcpy(tmp, ptr, l);
            macAddress = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:tmp];
            free(tmp);
        }//end if
    }//end for each
    macAddress = macAddress ? macAddress : DUMMY_MAC_ADDR;
    return macAddress;
}//end getMacAddressFromMDNS

- (nonnull NSString *)currentIPAddressOf: (nonnull NSString *)device {
    struct ifaddrs *addrs;
    NSString *ipAddress = nil;
    
    if(getifaddrs(&addrs) != 0) {
        return nil;
    }//end if
    
    //get ipv4 address
    for(struct ifaddrs *addr = addrs ; addr ; addr = addr->ifa_next) {
        if(!strcmp(addr->ifa_name, [device UTF8String])) {
            if(addr->ifa_addr) {
                struct sockaddr_in *in_addr = (struct sockaddr_in *)addr->ifa_addr;
                if(in_addr->sin_family == AF_INET) {
                    ipAddress = [self IPv4Ntop:in_addr->sin_addr.s_addr];
                    break;
                }//end if
            }//end if
        }//end if
    }//end for
    
    freeifaddrs(addrs);
    return ipAddress;
}//end currentIPAddressOf:

- (nullable NSString *)IPv4Ntop: (in_addr_t)addr {
    char buffer[INET_ADDRSTRLEN] = {0};
    return inet_ntop(AF_INET, &addr, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) ?
    [NSString stringWithUTF8String:buffer] : nil;
}//end IPv4Ntop:

- (in_addr_t)IPv4Pton: (nonnull NSString *)IPAddr {
    in_addr_t network = INADDR_NONE;
    return inet_pton(AF_INET, [IPAddr UTF8String], &network) == 1 ?
    network : INADDR_NONE;
}//end IPv4Pton:

如果出现 “_res_9_ninit", referenced from:”这种报错，是因为没有添加步骤1的几个库

3.UUID+自己存储

3.1 获取UUID的两个方法



+ (NSString *)getUUID{
    CFUUIDRef uuid = CFUUIDCreate(NULL);
    NSString *UUID = (__bridge_transfer NSString *)CFUUIDCreateString(NULL, uuid);
    CFRelease(uuid);
    return UUID;
}
 

+ (NSString *)getUUID{
    return [UIDevice currentDevice].identifierForVendor.UUIDString;;
}

很明显UUID已经不足以支持设备的唯一性了，目前很多App都有新用户的优惠，但是又要保证每台设备绑定一个账户，如果单纯使用UUID的话已经满足不了这个需求，所以，这里需要用keychain保存，这样即使卸载app在安装，获取到的UUID也是唯一性的。

3.2 首先在项目中添加 KeyChain Sharing

3.3 导入第三方库 Security.framework

3.4 核心代码（代码有点多）

在github搜索SSKeychain可以找到，只要 SSKeychain.h 和 SSKeychain.m 文件即可


#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <Security/Security.h>


typedef enum {
	
	SSKeychainErrorNone = noErr,
	
	
	SSKeychainErrorBadArguments = -1001,
	
	
	SSKeychainErrorNoPassword = -1002,
	
	
	SSKeychainErrorInvalidParameter = errSecParam,
	
	
	SSKeychainErrorFailedToAllocated = errSecAllocate,
	
	
	SSKeychainErrorNotAvailable = errSecNotAvailable,
	
	
	SSKeychainErrorAuthorizationFailed = errSecAuthFailed,
	
	
	SSKeychainErrorDuplicatedItem = errSecDuplicateItem,
	
	
	SSKeychainErrorNotFound = errSecItemNotFound,
	
	
	SSKeychainErrorInteractionNotAllowed = errSecInteractionNotAllowed,
	
	
	SSKeychainErrorFailedToDecode = errSecDecode
} SSKeychainErrorCode;

extern NSString *const kSSKeychainErrorDomain;


extern NSString *const kSSKeychainAccountKey;


extern NSString *const kSSKeychainCreatedAtKey;


extern NSString *const kSSKeychainClassKey;


extern NSString *const kSSKeychainDescriptionKey;


extern NSString *const kSSKeychainLabelKey;


extern NSString *const kSSKeychainLastModifiedKey;


extern NSString *const kSSKeychainWhereKey;


@interface SSKeychain : NSObject

///-----------------------
/// @name Getting Accounts
///-----------------------


+ (NSArray *)allAccounts;


+ (NSArray *)allAccounts:(NSError **)error;


+ (NSArray *)accountsForService:(NSString *)serviceName;


+ (NSArray *)accountsForService:(NSString *)serviceName error:(NSError **)error;


///------------------------
/// @name Getting Passwords
///------------------------


+ (NSString *)passwordForService:(NSString *)serviceName account:(NSString *)account;


+ (NSString *)passwordForService:(NSString *)serviceName account:(NSString *)account error:(NSError **)error;


+ (NSData *)passwordDataForService:(NSString *)serviceName account:(NSString *)account;


+ (NSData *)passwordDataForService:(NSString *)serviceName account:(NSString *)account error:(NSError **)error;


///-------------------------
/// @name Deleting Passwords
///-------------------------


+ (BOOL)deletePasswordForService:(NSString *)serviceName account:(NSString *)account;


+ (BOOL)deletePasswordForService:(NSString *)serviceName account:(NSString *)account error:(NSError **)error;


///------------------------
/// @name Setting Passwords
///------------------------


+ (BOOL)setPassword:(NSString *)password forService:(NSString *)serviceName account:(NSString *)account;


+ (BOOL)setPassword:(NSString *)password forService:(NSString *)serviceName account:(NSString *)account error:(NSError **)error;


+ (BOOL)setPasswordData:(NSData *)password forService:(NSString *)serviceName account:(NSString *)account;


+ (BOOL)setPasswordData:(NSData *)password forService:(NSString *)serviceName account:(NSString *)account error:(NSError **)error;


///--------------------
/// @name Configuration
///--------------------

#if __IPHONE_4_0 && TARGET_OS_IPHONE

+ (CFTypeRef)accessibilityType;


+ (void)setAccessibilityType:(CFTypeRef)accessibilityType;
#endif

@end

3.4 创建新类，引用 SSKeychain 封装


#import "GetKeychain.h"
#import "SSKeychain.h"

@implementation GetKeychain

+ (NSString *)getDeviceUUID {
    NSString *currentDeviceUUIDStr = [SSKeychain passwordForService:@"项目boudle id" account:@"uuid"];
    if (currentDeviceUUIDStr == nil || [currentDeviceUUIDStr isEqualToString:@""])
    {
        NSUUID *currentDeviceUUID  = [UIDevice currentDevice].identifierForVendor;
        currentDeviceUUIDStr = currentDeviceUUID.UUIDString;
        currentDeviceUUIDStr = [currentDeviceUUIDStr stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"-" withString:@""];
        currentDeviceUUIDStr = [currentDeviceUUIDStr lowercaseString];
        [SSKeychain setPassword: currentDeviceUUIDStr forService:@"项目boudle id" account:@"uuid"];
    }
    
    return currentDeviceUUIDStr;
}

@end

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iOS 设备标识

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