ssh 启动失败，状态报：activing（start），timeout exceeding
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一、问题描述
某次权限配置过程中，突然出现ssh断开，后查，ssh无法重启，状态异常，报超时断开：
polkitd[542]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:6501:2207619775 (system bus name :1.1204804, object path /org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale en_US.UTF-8) (disconnected from bus)systemd: sshd.service start operation timed out. Terminating.systemd: sshd.service start operation timed out. Terminating.sshd[6508]: Received signal 15; terminating.systemd: Failed to start OpenSSH server daemon.systemd: Unit sshd.service entered failed state.systemd: sshd.service failed.systemd: Failed to start OpenSSH server daemon.
二、过程描述
1）检查日志报错如下：
#有经验表明服务调用异常，可尝试如下调试mv /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service.baksystemctl daemon-reloadmv /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service.bak /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.servicesystemctl start sshd systemctl enable --now sshd.service#因本次对/var/run进行过递归授权，检查/var目录权限ll -d /var/ #现场755权限，可尝试744drwxr-xr-x. 23 root root 4096 May 24 2022 /var/ll /var/empty/d--x--x--x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 15 2020 sshdll -d /etc/pki/drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root 4096 Jul 2 2018 /etc/pki/ll /etc/pki/total 32drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 Aug 9 2019 CAdrwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Jul 2 2018 ca-trustdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 23 2022 javadrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 23 2020 nssdbdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 20 2020 nss-legacydrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 2 2018 rpm-gpgdrwx------. 2 root root 4096 Apr 11 2018 rsyslogdrwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 May 23 2022 tls#因重启Nginx过程中，使用semanager添加端口，怀疑临时selinux生效getenforcesetenforce 0#手动启动试下/etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd start/usr/sbin/sshd -f /etc/ssh/sshd_config#测试配置文件正常sshd -t#自启动脚本参考#!/bin/bash## Init file for OpenSSH server daemon## chkconfig: 2345 55 25# description: OpenSSH server daemon## processname: sshd# config: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key# config: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub# config: /etc/ssh/ssh_random_seed# config: /etc/ssh/sshd_config# pidfile: /var/run/sshd.pid# source function library. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions# pull in sysconfig settings[ -f /etc/sysconfig/sshd ] && . /etc/sysconfig/sshdRETVAL=0prog="sshd"# Some functions to make the below more readableSSHD=/usr/sbin/sshdPID_FILE=/var/run/sshd.piddo_restart_sanity_check(){ $SSHD -t RETVAL=$? if [ $RETVAL -ne 0 ]; then failure $"Configuration file or keys are invalid" echo fi}start(){ # Create keys if necessary /usr/bin/ssh-keygen -A if [ -x /sbin/restorecon ]; then /sbin/restorecon /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub /sbin/restorecon /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub /sbin/restorecon /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub fi echo -n $"Starting $prog:" $SSHD $OPTIONS && success || failure RETVAL=$? [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/sshd echo}stop(){ echo -n $"Stopping $prog:" killproc $SSHD -TERM RETVAL=$? [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/sshd echo}reload(){ echo -n $"Reloading $prog:" killproc $SSHD -HUP RETVAL=$? echo}case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) stop start ;; reload) reload ;; condrestart) if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/sshd ] ; then do_restart_sanity_check if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] ; then stop # avoid race sleep 3 start fi fi ;; status) status $SSHD RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|condrestart|status}" RETVAL=1esacexit $RETVAL2）前一天晚上，ssh无论怎样都无法正常，启动也显示是/usr/sbin/sshd -D [listener] 0 of 10-100 startups，状态始终显示超时，有意思的是，第2天查看的时候，重新启动好了
后来同样的问题发现，弃用systemd下ssh.service后，重启会采用sshd启动脚本启动，正常：
原来如下：
3）附录：关于polkit，
polkit 是Linux中一个应用程序级别的工具集，用于身份认证管理 (Authorization Manager )，通过定义和审核权限规则，实现不同优先级进程间的通讯：控制决策集中在统一的框架之中，决定低优先级进程是否有权访问高优先级进程。
Polkit 在系统层级进行权限控制，提供了一个低优先级进程和高优先级进程进行通讯的系统。和 sudo 等程序不同，Polkit 并没有赋予进程完全的 root 权限，而是通过一个集中的策略系统进行更精细的授权。
Polkit 定义出一系列操作，例如运行 GParted, 并将用户按照群组或用户名进行划分，例如 wheel 群组用户。了解linux 权限， 然后定义每个操作是否可以由某些用户执行，执行操作前是否需要一些额外的确认，例如通过输入密码确认用户是不是属于某个群组。
polkit在启动一些服务时，有可能会遇到polkit不能正常启动运行的情况，会报出以下错误：
Authorization not available. Checkif polkit service is running or see debug mes可查看polkit的运行状态发现是failed，尝试重启：
#确认用户名和组名cat /etc/passwd|grep polkitpolkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin#查看服务状态systemctl status polkit● polkit.service - Authorization Manager Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/polkit.service; static; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-05-24 10:43:46 CST; 8 months 12 days ago Docs: man:polkit(8) Main PID: 542 (polkitd) CGroup: /system.slice/polkit.service └─542 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debugFeb 04 00:48:05 Yangguang-011 polkitd[542]: Registered Authentication Agent for unix-process:26570:2208281632 (system bus name :1.1205214 ...S.UTF-8)Feb 04 00:49:13 Yangguang-011 polkitd[542]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:26570:2208281632 (system bus name :1.120521...rom bus)Feb 04 00:51:42 Yangguang-011 polkitd[542]: Registered Authentication Agent for unix-process:27093:2208303356 (system bus name :1.1205227 ...S.UTF-8)Feb 04 00:51:42 Yangguang-011 polkitd[542]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:27093:2208303356 (system bus name :1.120522...rom bus)Feb 04 00:54:09 Yangguang-011 polkitd[542]: Registered Authentication Agent for unix-process:27680:2208318010 (system bus name :1.1205240 ...S.UTF-8)Feb 04 00:55:33 Yangguang-011 polkitd[542]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:27680:2208318010 (system bus name :1.120524...rom bus)Feb 04 10:21:39 Yangguang-011 polkitd[542]: Registered Authentication Agent for unix-process:2065:2211723054 (system bus name :1.1207542 [...S.UTF-8)Feb 04 10:21:39 Yangguang-011 polkitd[542]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:2065:2211723054 (system bus name :1.1207542...rom bus)Feb 04 10:55:40 Yangguang-011 polkitd[542]: Registered Authentication Agent for unix-process:8172:2211927116 (system bus name :1.1207682 [...S.UTF-8)Feb 04 10:55:40 Yangguang-011 polkitd[542]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:8172:2211927116 (system bus name :1.1207682...rom bus)Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.systemctl start polkit.service #重启/usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug & #手动重启ll /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 120432 Jan 26 2022 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd#检查dbus服务状态systemctl status dbus.service● dbus.service - D-Bus System Message Bus Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/dbus.service; static; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-05-24 10:43:46 CST; 8 months 12 days ago Docs: man:dbus-daemon(1) Main PID: 553 (dbus-daemon) CGroup: /system.slice/dbus.service └─553 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activationJul 08 22:04:26 Yangguang-011 dbus[553]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name='org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher' unit='dbus-org.free...service'Jul 08 22:04:26 Yangguang-011 dbus[553]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher'Jul 18 10:28:48 Yangguang-011 dbus[553]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name='org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher' unit='dbus-org.free...service'Jul 18 10:28:48 Yangguang-011 dbus[553]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher'Jul 23 11:52:17 Yangguang-011 dbus[553]: [system] Activating via systemd: service name='org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher' unit='dbus-org.free...service'Jul 23 11:52:17 Yangguang-011 dbus[553]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher'Warning: Journal has been rotated since unit was started. Log output is incomplete or unavailable.Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.systemctl restart dbus.service #异常的话重启4）附录：关于sshd服务配置
来源地址：https://blog.csdn.net/ximenjianxue/article/details/128879538
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