电子模块|心率血氧传感器模块MAX30102及其驱动代码

• 实物照片
• 模块简介
• 工作原理
• 原理图及引脚说明
• STM32软件驱动
• • IIC通信代码
  • 数值转换代码
  • main函数
• 结果

实物照片

模块简介

MAX30102是一个集成的脉搏血氧仪和心率监测仪生物传感器的模块。

它集成了一个红光LED和一个红外光LED、光电检测器、光器件，以及带环境光抑制的低噪声电子电路。

MAX30102采用一个1.8V电源和一个独立的5.0V用于内部LED的电源，应用于可穿戴设备进行心率和血氧采集检测，佩戴于手指点耳垂和手腕处。

标准的I2C兼容的通信接口可以将采集到的数值传输给Arduino、KL25Z、STM32、STC51等单片机进行心率和血氧计算。

此外，该芯片还可以通过软件关断模块，待机电流接近为零，实现电源始终维持供电状态。

主要参数:

产品尺寸：

工作原理

光溶积法：利用人体组织在血管搏动时造成透光率不同来进行脉搏和血氧饱和度测量

光源：采用对动脉血中痒合血红蛋白（HbO2）和血红蛋白（Hb）有选择性的特定波长的发光二极管

透光率转化为电信号：动脉搏动充血容积变化导致这束光的透光率发送改变，此时由光电变换接收经人体组织反射光线，转变为电信号并将其放大输出。

原理图及引脚说明

引脚说明

STM32软件驱动

使用STM32F103C8T6最小系统开发板验证。

接线如下：
MAX30102模块接口：PB9-SDA,PB8-SCL,PB7-INT
PA2/PA3为串口传输口TX和RX，波特率设置为115200
PC13为显示LED

IIC通信代码

#include "mbed.h"#include "MAX30102.h"I2C i2c(I2C_SDA, I2C_SCL);//SDA-PB9,SCL-PB8bool maxim_max30102_write_reg(uint8_t uch_addr, uint8_t uch_data){  char ach_i2c_data[2];  ach_i2c_data[0]=uch_addr;  ach_i2c_data[1]=uch_data;    if(i2c.write(I2C_WRITE_ADDR, ach_i2c_data, 2, false)==0)    return true;  else    return false;}bool maxim_max30102_read_reg(uint8_t uch_addr, uint8_t *puch_data){  char ch_i2c_data;  ch_i2c_data=uch_addr;  if(i2c.write(I2C_WRITE_ADDR, &ch_i2c_data, 1, true)!=0)    return false;  if(i2c.read(I2C_READ_ADDR, &ch_i2c_data, 1, false)==0)  {    *puch_data=(uint8_t) ch_i2c_data;    return true;  }  else    return false;}bool maxim_max30102_init(){  if(!maxim_max30102_write_reg(REG_INTR_ENABLE_1,0xc0)) // INTR setting    return false;  if(!maxim_max30102_write_reg(REG_INTR_ENABLE_2,0x00))    return false;  if(!maxim_max30102_write_reg(REG_FIFO_WR_PTR,0x00))  //FIFO_WR_PTR[4:0]    return false;  if(!maxim_max30102_write_reg(REG_OVF_COUNTER,0x00))  //OVF_COUNTER[4:0]    return false;  if(!maxim_max30102_write_reg(REG_FIFO_RD_PTR,0x00))  //FIFO_RD_PTR[4:0]    return false;  if(!maxim_max30102_write_reg(REG_FIFO_CONFIG,0x0f))  //sample avg = 1, fifo rollover=false, fifo almost full = 17    return false;  if(!maxim_max30102_write_reg(REG_MODE_CONFIG,0x03))   //0x02 for Red only, 0x03 for SpO2 mode 0x07 multimode LED    return false;  if(!maxim_max30102_write_reg(REG_SPO2_CONFIG,0x27))  // SPO2_ADC range = 4096nA, SPO2 sample rate (100 Hz), LED pulseWidth (400uS)    return false;    if(!maxim_max30102_write_reg(REG_LED1_PA,0x24))   //Choose value for ~ 7mA for LED1    return false;  if(!maxim_max30102_write_reg(REG_LED2_PA,0x24))   // Choose value for ~ 7mA for LED2    return false;  if(!maxim_max30102_write_reg(REG_PILOT_PA,0x7f))   // Choose value for ~ 25mA for Pilot LED    return false;  return true;  }bool maxim_max30102_read_fifo(uint32_t *pun_red_led, uint32_t *pun_ir_led){  uint32_t un_temp;  unsigned char uch_temp;  *pun_red_led=0;  *pun_ir_led=0;  char ach_i2c_data[6];    //read and clear status register  maxim_max30102_read_reg(REG_INTR_STATUS_1, &uch_temp);  maxim_max30102_read_reg(REG_INTR_STATUS_2, &uch_temp);    ach_i2c_data[0]=REG_FIFO_DATA;  if(i2c.write(I2C_WRITE_ADDR, ach_i2c_data, 1, true)!=0)    return false;  if(i2c.read(I2C_READ_ADDR, ach_i2c_data, 6, false)!=0)  {    return false;  }  un_temp=(unsigned char) ach_i2c_data[0];  un_temp<<=16;  *pun_red_led+=un_temp;  un_temp=(unsigned char) ach_i2c_data[1];  un_temp<<=8;  *pun_red_led+=un_temp;  un_temp=(unsigned char) ach_i2c_data[2];  *pun_red_led+=un_temp;    un_temp=(unsigned char) ach_i2c_data[3];  un_temp<<=16;  *pun_ir_led+=un_temp;  un_temp=(unsigned char) ach_i2c_data[4];  un_temp<<=8;  *pun_ir_led+=un_temp;  un_temp=(unsigned char) ach_i2c_data[5];  *pun_ir_led+=un_temp;  *pun_red_led&=0x03FFFF;  //Mask MSB [23:18]  *pun_ir_led&=0x03FFFF;  //Mask MSB [23:18]      return true;}bool maxim_max30102_reset(){    if(!maxim_max30102_write_reg(REG_MODE_CONFIG,0x40))        return false;    else        return true;    }

数值转换代码

#include "algorithm.h"#include "mbed.h"void maxim_heart_rate_and_oxygen_saturation(uint32_t *pun_ir_buffer,  int32_t n_ir_buffer_length, uint32_t *pun_red_buffer, int32_t *pn_spo2, int8_t *pch_spo2_valid,   int32_t *pn_heart_rate, int8_t  *pch_hr_valid){    uint32_t un_ir_mean ,un_only_once ;    int32_t k ,n_i_ratio_count;    int32_t i, s, m, n_exact_ir_valley_locs_count ,n_middle_idx;    int32_t n_th1, n_npks,n_c_min;          int32_t an_ir_valley_locs[15] ;    int32_t an_exact_ir_valley_locs[15] ;    int32_t an_dx_peak_locs[15] ;    int32_t n_peak_interval_sum;        int32_t n_y_ac, n_x_ac;    int32_t n_spo2_calc;     int32_t n_y_dc_max, n_x_dc_max;     int32_t n_y_dc_max_idx, n_x_dc_max_idx;     int32_t an_ratio[5],n_ratio_average;     int32_t n_nume,  n_denom ;    // remove DC of ir signal        un_ir_mean =0;     for (k=0 ; k<n_ir_buffer_length ; k++ ) un_ir_mean += pun_ir_buffer[k] ;    un_ir_mean =un_ir_mean/n_ir_buffer_length ;    for (k=0 ; k<n_ir_buffer_length ; k++ )  an_x[k] =  pun_ir_buffer[k] - un_ir_mean ;         // 4 pt Moving Average    for(k=0; k< BUFFER_SIZE-MA4_SIZE; k++){        n_denom= ( an_x[k]+an_x[k+1]+ an_x[k+2]+ an_x[k+3]);        an_x[k]=  n_denom/(int32_t)4;     }    // get difference of smoothed IR signal        for( k=0; k<BUFFER_SIZE-MA4_SIZE-1;  k++)        an_dx[k]= (an_x[k+1]- an_x[k]);    // 2-pt Moving Average to an_dx    for(k=0; k< BUFFER_SIZE-MA4_SIZE-2; k++){        an_dx[k] =  ( an_dx[k]+an_dx[k+1])/2 ;    }        // hamming window    // flip wave form so that we can detect valley with peak detector    for ( i=0 ; i<BUFFER_SIZE-HAMMING_SIZE-MA4_SIZE-2 ;i++){        s= 0;        for( k=i; k<i+ HAMMING_SIZE ;k++){            s -= an_dx[k] *auw_hamm[k-i] ;                      }        an_dx[i]= s/ (int32_t)1146; // divide by sum of auw_hamm     }     n_th1=0; // threshold calculation    for ( k=0 ; k<BUFFER_SIZE-HAMMING_SIZE ;k++){        n_th1 += ((an_dx[k]>0)? an_dx[k] : ((int32_t)0-an_dx[k])) ;    }    n_th1= n_th1/ ( BUFFER_SIZE-HAMMING_SIZE);    // peak location is acutally index for sharpest location of raw signal since we flipped the signal             maxim_find_peaks( an_dx_peak_locs, &n_npks, an_dx, BUFFER_SIZE-HAMMING_SIZE, n_th1, 8, 5 );//peak_height, peak_distance, max_num_peaks     n_peak_interval_sum =0;    if (n_npks>=2){        for (k=1; k<n_npks; k++)            n_peak_interval_sum += (an_dx_peak_locs[k]-an_dx_peak_locs[k -1]);        n_peak_interval_sum=n_peak_interval_sum/(n_npks-1);        *pn_heart_rate=(int32_t)(6000/n_peak_interval_sum);// beats per minutes        *pch_hr_valid  = 1;    }    else  {        *pn_heart_rate = -999;        *pch_hr_valid  = 0;    }                for ( k=0 ; k<n_npks ;k++)        an_ir_valley_locs[k]=an_dx_peak_locs[k]+HAMMING_SIZE/2;     // raw value : RED(=y) and IR(=X)    // we need to assess DC and AC value of ir and red PPG.     for (k=0 ; k<n_ir_buffer_length ; k++ )  {        an_x[k] =  pun_ir_buffer[k] ;         an_y[k] =  pun_red_buffer[k] ;     }    // find precise min near an_ir_valley_locs    n_exact_ir_valley_locs_count =0;     for(k=0 ; k<n_npks ;k++){        un_only_once =1;        m=an_ir_valley_locs[k];        n_c_min= 16777216;//2^24;        if (m+5 <  BUFFER_SIZE-HAMMING_SIZE  && m-5 >0){            for(i= m-5;i<m+5; i++)                if (an_x[i]<n_c_min){                    if (un_only_once >0){                       un_only_once =0;                   }                    n_c_min= an_x[i] ;                   an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k]=i;                }            if (un_only_once ==0)                n_exact_ir_valley_locs_count ++ ;        }    }    if (n_exact_ir_valley_locs_count <2 ){       *pn_spo2 =  -999 ; // do not use SPO2 since signal ratio is out of range       *pch_spo2_valid  = 0;        return;    }    // 4 pt MA    for(k=0; k< BUFFER_SIZE-MA4_SIZE; k++){        an_x[k]=( an_x[k]+an_x[k+1]+ an_x[k+2]+ an_x[k+3])/(int32_t)4;        an_y[k]=( an_y[k]+an_y[k+1]+ an_y[k+2]+ an_y[k+3])/(int32_t)4;    }    //using an_exact_ir_valley_locs , find ir-red DC andir-red AC for SPO2 calibration ratio    //finding AC/DC maximum of raw ir * red between two valley locations    n_ratio_average =0;     n_i_ratio_count =0;         for(k=0; k< 5; k++) an_ratio[k]=0;    for (k=0; k< n_exact_ir_valley_locs_count; k++){        if (an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k] > BUFFER_SIZE ){                         *pn_spo2 =  -999 ; // do not use SPO2 since valley loc is out of range            *pch_spo2_valid  = 0;             return;        }    }    // find max between two valley locations     // and use ratio betwen AC compoent of Ir & Red and DC compoent of Ir & Red for SPO2     for (k=0; k< n_exact_ir_valley_locs_count-1; k++){        n_y_dc_max= -16777216 ;         n_x_dc_max= - 16777216;         if (an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k+1]-an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k] >10){            for (i=an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k]; i< an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k+1]; i++){                if (an_x[i]> n_x_dc_max) {n_x_dc_max =an_x[i];n_x_dc_max_idx =i; }                if (an_y[i]> n_y_dc_max) {n_y_dc_max =an_y[i];n_y_dc_max_idx=i;}            }            n_y_ac= (an_y[an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k+1]] - an_y[an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k] ] )*(n_y_dc_max_idx -an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k]); //red            n_y_ac=  an_y[an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k]] + n_y_ac/ (an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k+1] - an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k])  ; n_y_ac=  an_y[n_y_dc_max_idx] - n_y_ac;    // subracting linear DC compoenents from raw             n_x_ac= (an_x[an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k+1]] - an_x[an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k] ] )*(n_x_dc_max_idx -an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k]); // ir            n_x_ac=  an_x[an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k]] + n_x_ac/ (an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k+1] - an_exact_ir_valley_locs[k]);             n_x_ac=  an_x[n_y_dc_max_idx] - n_x_ac;      // subracting linear DC compoenents from raw             n_nume=( n_y_ac *n_x_dc_max)>>7 ; //prepare X100 to preserve floating value            n_denom= ( n_x_ac *n_y_dc_max)>>7;            if (n_denom>0  && n_i_ratio_count <5 &&  n_nume != 0)            {                   an_ratio[n_i_ratio_count]= (n_nume*100)/n_denom ; //formular is ( n_y_ac *n_x_dc_max) / ( n_x_ac *n_y_dc_max) ;                n_i_ratio_count++;            }        }    }    maxim_sort_ascend(an_ratio, n_i_ratio_count);    n_middle_idx= n_i_ratio_count/2;    if (n_middle_idx >1)        n_ratio_average =( an_ratio[n_middle_idx-1] +an_ratio[n_middle_idx])/2; // use median    else        n_ratio_average = an_ratio[n_middle_idx ];    if( n_ratio_average>2 && n_ratio_average <184){        n_spo2_calc= uch_spo2_table[n_ratio_average] ;        *pn_spo2 = n_spo2_calc ;        *pch_spo2_valid  = 1;//  float_SPO2 =  -45.060*n_ratio_average* n_ratio_average/10000 + 30.354 *n_ratio_average/100 + 94.845 ;  // for comparison with table    }    else{        *pn_spo2 =  -999 ; // do not use SPO2 since signal ratio is out of range        *pch_spo2_valid  = 0;     }}void maxim_find_peaks(int32_t *pn_locs, int32_t *pn_npks, int32_t *pn_x, int32_t n_size, int32_t n_min_height, int32_t n_min_distance, int32_t n_max_num){    maxim_peaks_above_min_height( pn_locs, pn_npks, pn_x, n_size, n_min_height );    maxim_remove_close_peaks( pn_locs, pn_npks, pn_x, n_min_distance );    *pn_npks = min( *pn_npks, n_max_num );}void maxim_peaks_above_min_height(int32_t *pn_locs, int32_t *pn_npks, int32_t  *pn_x, int32_t n_size, int32_t n_min_height){    int32_t i = 1, n_width;    *pn_npks = 0;        while (i < n_size-1){        if (pn_x[i] > n_min_height && pn_x[i] > pn_x[i-1]){            // find left edge of potential peaks            n_width = 1;            while (i+n_width < n_size && pn_x[i] == pn_x[i+n_width])    // find flat peaks                n_width++;            if (pn_x[i] > pn_x[i+n_width] && (*pn_npks) < 15 ){// find right edge of peaks                pn_locs[(*pn_npks)++] = i;                        // for flat peaks, peak location is left edge                i += n_width+1;            }            else                i += n_width;        }        else            i++;    }}void maxim_remove_close_peaks(int32_t *pn_locs, int32_t *pn_npks, int32_t *pn_x, int32_t n_min_distance){        int32_t i, j, n_old_npks, n_dist;            maxim_sort_indices_descend( pn_x, pn_locs, *pn_npks );    for ( i = -1; i < *pn_npks; i++ ){        n_old_npks = *pn_npks;        *pn_npks = i+1;        for ( j = i+1; j < n_old_npks; j++ ){            n_dist =  pn_locs[j] - ( i == -1 ? -1 : pn_locs[i] ); // lag-zero peak of autocorr is at index -1            if ( n_dist > n_min_distance || n_dist < -n_min_distance )                pn_locs[(*pn_npks)++] = pn_locs[j];        }    }    // Resort indices longo ascending order    maxim_sort_ascend( pn_locs, *pn_npks );}void maxim_sort_ascend(int32_t *pn_x,int32_t n_size) {    int32_t i, j, n_temp;    for (i = 1; i < n_size; i++) {        n_temp = pn_x[i];        for (j = i; j > 0 && n_temp < pn_x[j-1]; j--)            pn_x[j] = pn_x[j-1];        pn_x[j] = n_temp;    }}void maxim_sort_indices_descend(int32_t *pn_x, int32_t *pn_indx, int32_t n_size) {    int32_t i, j, n_temp;    for (i = 1; i < n_size; i++) {        n_temp = pn_indx[i];        for (j = i; j > 0 && pn_x[n_temp] > pn_x[pn_indx[j-1]]; j--)            pn_indx[j] = pn_indx[j-1];        pn_indx[j] = n_temp;    }}

main函数

#include "stm32f103c8t6.h"#include "mbed.h"#include "algorithm.h"#include "MAX30102.h"#define MAX_BRIGHTNESS 255uint32_t aun_ir_buffer[500]; //IR LED sensor dataint32_t n_ir_buffer_length;    //data lengthuint32_t aun_red_buffer[500];    //Red LED sensor dataint32_t n_sp02; //SPO2 valueint8_t ch_spo2_valid;   //indicator to show if the SP02 calculation is validint32_t n_heart_rate;   //heart rate valueint8_t  ch_hr_valid;    //indicator to show if the heart rate calculation is validuint8_t uch_dummy;Serial pc(SERIAL_TX, SERIAL_RX);    //initializes the serial port, TX-PA2, RX-PA3PwmOut pwmled(PB_3);  //initializes the pwm output PB3 that connects to the LEDDigitalIn INT(PB_7);  //pin PB7 connects to the interrupt output pin of the MAX30102DigitalOut led(PC_13); //PC13 connects to the on board user LED// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:int main() {     uint32_t un_min, un_max, un_prev_data;  //variables to calculate the on-board LED brightness that reflects the heartbeats    int i;    int32_t n_brightness;    float f_temp;        maxim_max30102_reset(); //resets the MAX30102    // initialize serial communication at 115200 bits per second:    pc.baud(115200);    pc.format(8,SerialBase::None,1);    wait(1);        //read and clear status register    maxim_max30102_read_reg(0,&uch_dummy);        //wait until the user presses a key//    while(pc.readable()==0)//    {//        pc.printf("\x1B[2J");  //clear terminal program screen//        pc.printf("Press any key to start conversion\n\r");//        wait(1);//    }//    uch_dummy=getchar();        maxim_max30102_init();  //initializes the MAX30102                    n_brightness=0;    un_min=0x3FFFF;    un_max=0;      n_ir_buffer_length=500; //buffer length of 100 stores 5 seconds of samples running at 100sps        //read the first 500 samples, and determine the signal range    for(i=0;i<n_ir_buffer_length;i++)    {        while(INT.read()==1);   //wait until the interrupt pin asserts                maxim_max30102_read_fifo((aun_red_buffer+i), (aun_ir_buffer+i));  //read from MAX30102 FIFO                    if(un_min>aun_red_buffer[i])            un_min=aun_red_buffer[i];    //update signal min        if(un_max<aun_red_buffer[i])            un_max=aun_red_buffer[i];    //update signal max        pc.printf("red=");        pc.printf("%i", aun_red_buffer[i]);        pc.printf(", ir=");        pc.printf("%i\n\r", aun_ir_buffer[i]);    }    un_prev_data=aun_red_buffer[i];            //calculate heart rate and SpO2 after first 500 samples (first 5 seconds of samples)    maxim_heart_rate_and_oxygen_saturation(aun_ir_buffer, n_ir_buffer_length, aun_red_buffer, &n_sp02, &ch_spo2_valid, &n_heart_rate, &ch_hr_valid);         //Continuously taking samples from MAX30102.  Heart rate and SpO2 are calculated every 1 second    while(1)    {        i=0;        un_min=0x3FFFF;        un_max=0;                //dumping the first 100 sets of samples in the memory and shift the last 400 sets of samples to the top        for(i=100;i<500;i++)        {            aun_red_buffer[i-100]=aun_red_buffer[i];            aun_ir_buffer[i-100]=aun_ir_buffer[i];                        //update the signal min and max            if(un_min>aun_red_buffer[i])            un_min=aun_red_buffer[i];            if(un_max<aun_red_buffer[i])            un_max=aun_red_buffer[i];        }                //take 100 sets of samples before calculating the heart rate.        for(i=400;i<500;i++)        {            un_prev_data=aun_red_buffer[i-1];            while(INT.read()==1);            maxim_max30102_read_fifo((aun_red_buffer+i), (aun_ir_buffer+i));                    if(aun_red_buffer[i]>un_prev_data)//just to determine the brightness of LED according to the deviation of adjacent two AD data            {                f_temp=aun_red_buffer[i]-un_prev_data;                f_temp/=(un_max-un_min);                f_temp*=MAX_BRIGHTNESS;                n_brightness-=(int)f_temp;                if(n_brightness<0)                    n_brightness=0;            }            else            {                f_temp=un_prev_data-aun_red_buffer[i];                f_temp/=(un_max-un_min);                f_temp*=MAX_BRIGHTNESS;                n_brightness+=(int)f_temp;                if(n_brightness>MAX_BRIGHTNESS)                    n_brightness=MAX_BRIGHTNESS;            }            pwmled.write(1-(float)n_brightness/256);//pwm control led brightnessif(n_brightness<120)led=1;elseled=0;            //send samples and calculation result to terminal program through UART            pc.printf("red=");            pc.printf("%i", aun_red_buffer[i]);            pc.printf(", ir=");            pc.printf("%i", aun_ir_buffer[i]);            pc.printf(", HR=%i, ", n_heart_rate);             pc.printf("HRvalid=%i, ", ch_hr_valid);            pc.printf("SpO2=%i, ", n_sp02);            pc.printf("SPO2Valid=%i\n\r", ch_spo2_valid);        }        maxim_heart_rate_and_oxygen_saturation(aun_ir_buffer, n_ir_buffer_length, aun_red_buffer, &n_sp02, &ch_spo2_valid, &n_heart_rate, &ch_hr_valid);     }}

结果

将输出数据转成曲线

来源地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32761549/article/details/128573054