Tomcat9如何实现请求处理
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请求处理
Tomcat对于HTTP请求，会由Connector监听的端口，通过线程池的处理进行多线程的处理。
此线程池默认的最小线程数minSpareThreads等于10，最大线程数maxThreads等于200，我们可以在server.xml的Connector配置中调整它们的大小。
之后，采用责任链模式，通过容器的管道对请求进行处理，最终调用用户开发的Filter和Servlet。
源码分析
org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector
public Connector(String protocol) { boolean aprConnector = AprLifecycleListener.isAprAvailable() && AprLifecycleListener.getUseAprConnector(); if ("HTTP/1.1".equals(protocol) || protocol == null) { if (aprConnector) { protocolHandlerClassName = "org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"; } else { protocolHandlerClassName = "org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"; } } else if ("AJP/1.3".equals(protocol)) { if (aprConnector) { protocolHandlerClassName = "org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpAprProtocol"; } else { protocolHandlerClassName = "org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpNioProtocol"; } } else { protocolHandlerClassName = protocol; } // Instantiate protocol handler ProtocolHandler p = null; try { Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(protocolHandlerClassName); p = (ProtocolHandler) clazz.getConstructor().newInstance(); } catch (Exception e) { log.error(sm.getString( "coyoteConnector.protocolHandlerInstantiationFailed"), e); } finally { this.protocolHandler = p; } // Default for Connector depends on this system property setThrowOnFailure(Boolean.getBoolean("org.apache.catalina.startup.EXIT_ON_INIT_FAILURE")); }在Connector的构造方法中，会根据配置的不同协议，创建不同协议处理类，Tomcat9中默认的配置为protocol=”HTTP/1.1”，对应的类为Http11NioProtocol
org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol
public Http11NioProtocol() { super(new NioEndpoint()); }Http11NioProtocol的构造方中，会创建NioEndpoint，NioEndpoint会处理socket的接口以及请求的调用。
org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint
@Override public void startInternal() throws Exception { if (!running) { running = true; paused = false; if (socketProperties.getProcessorCache() != 0) { processorCache = new SynchronizedStack<>(SynchronizedStack.DEFAULT_SIZE, socketProperties.getProcessorCache()); } if (socketProperties.getEventCache() != 0) { eventCache = new SynchronizedStack<>(SynchronizedStack.DEFAULT_SIZE, socketProperties.getEventCache()); } if (socketProperties.getBufferPool() != 0) { nioChannels = new SynchronizedStack<>(SynchronizedStack.DEFAULT_SIZE, socketProperties.getBufferPool()); } // Create worker collection if (getExecutor() == null) { createExecutor(); } initializeConnectionLatch(); // Start poller thread poller = new Poller(); Thread pollerThread = new Thread(poller, getName() + "-ClientPoller"); pollerThread.setPriority(threadPriority); pollerThread.setDaemon(true); pollerThread.start(); startAcceptorThread(); } } protected void startAcceptorThread() { acceptor = new Acceptor<>(this); String threadName = getName() + "-Acceptor"; acceptor.setThreadName(threadName); Thread t = new Thread(acceptor, threadName); t.setPriority(getAcceptorThreadPriority()); t.setDaemon(getDaemon()); t.start(); }NioEndpoint的startInternal方法中会启动Poller线程和Acceptor线程
org.apache.tomcat.util.net.Acceptor
@Override public void run() { int errorDelay = 0; // Loop until we receive a shutdown command while (endpoint.isRunning()) { // Loop if endpoint is paused while (endpoint.isPaused() && endpoint.isRunning()) { state = AcceptorState.PAUSED; try { Thread.sleep(50); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // Ignore } } if (!endpoint.isRunning()) { break; } state = AcceptorState.RUNNING; try { //if we have reached max connections, wait endpoint.countUpOrAwaitConnection(); // Endpoint might have been paused while waiting for latch // If that is the case, don't accept new connections if (endpoint.isPaused()) { continue; } U socket = null; try { // Accept the next incoming connection from the server // socket socket = endpoint.serverSocketAccept(); } catch (Exception ioe) { // We didn't get a socket endpoint.countDownConnection(); if (endpoint.isRunning()) { // Introduce delay if necessary errorDelay = handleExceptionWithDelay(errorDelay); // re-throw throw ioe; } else { break; } } // Successful accept, reset the error delay errorDelay = 0; // Configure the socket if (endpoint.isRunning() && !endpoint.isPaused()) { // setSocketOptions() will hand the socket off to // an appropriate processor if successful if (!endpoint.setSocketOptions(socket)) { endpoint.closeSocket(socket); } } else { endpoint.destroySocket(socket); } } catch (Throwable t) { ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t); String msg = sm.getString("endpoint.accept.fail"); // APR specific. // Could push this down but not sure it is worth the trouble. if (t instanceof Error) { Error e = (Error) t; if (e.getError() == 233) { // Not an error on HP-UX so log as a warning // so it can be filtered out on that platform // See bug 50273 log.warn(msg, t); } else { log.error(msg, t); } } else { log.error(msg, t); } } } state = AcceptorState.ENDED; }Acceptor的run方法中，endpoint.serverSocketAccept()会调用NioEndpoint的具体实现来开启对应端口的TCP监听，当端口有请求时，则endpoint.setSocketOptions(socket)进行具体处理
org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint.setSocketOptions
protected boolean setSocketOptions(SocketChannel socket) { // Process the connection try { // Disable blocking, polling will be used socket.configureBlocking(false); Socket sock = socket.socket(); socketProperties.setProperties(sock); NioChannel channel = null; if (nioChannels != null) { channel = nioChannels.pop(); } if (channel == null) { SocketBufferHandler bufhandler = new SocketBufferHandler( socketProperties.getAppReadBufSize(), socketProperties.getAppWriteBufSize(), socketProperties.getDirectBuffer()); if (isSSLEnabled()) { channel = new SecureNioChannel(socket, bufhandler, selectorPool, this); } else { channel = new NioChannel(socket, bufhandler); } } else { channel.setIOChannel(socket); channel.reset(); } NioSocketWrapper socketWrapper = new NioSocketWrapper(channel, this); channel.setSocketWrapper(socketWrapper); socketWrapper.setReadTimeout(getConnectionTimeout()); socketWrapper.setWriteTimeout(getConnectionTimeout()); socketWrapper.setKeepAliveLeft(NioEndpoint.this.getMaxKeepAliveRequests()); socketWrapper.setSecure(isSSLEnabled()); poller.register(channel, socketWrapper); return true; } catch (Throwable t) { ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t); try { log.error(sm.getString("endpoint.socketOptionsError"), t); } catch (Throwable tt) { ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(tt); } } // Tell to close the socket return false; }在setSocketOptions方法中，主要逻辑为将socket请求放入Poller的队列中，在之前启动的Poller线程会不断的从队列中获取请求。
org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$Poller
@Override public void run() { // Loop until destroy() is called while (true) { boolean hasEvents = false; try { if (!close) { hasEvents = events(); if (wakeupCounter.getAndSet(-1) > 0) { // If we are here, means we have other stuff to do // Do a non blocking select keyCount = selector.selectNow(); } else { keyCount = selector.select(selectorTimeout); } wakeupCounter.set(0); } if (close) { events(); timeout(0, false); try { selector.close(); } catch (IOException ioe) { log.error(sm.getString("endpoint.nio.selectorCloseFail"), ioe); } break; } } catch (Throwable x) { ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(x); log.error(sm.getString("endpoint.nio.selectorLoopError"), x); continue; } // Either we timed out or we woke up, process events first if (keyCount == 0) { hasEvents = (hasEvents | events()); } Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = keyCount > 0 ? selector.selectedKeys().iterator() : null; // Walk through the collection of ready keys and dispatch // any active event. while (iterator != null && iterator.hasNext()) { SelectionKey sk = iterator.next(); NioSocketWrapper socketWrapper = (NioSocketWrapper) sk.attachment(); // Attachment may be null if another thread has called // cancelledKey() if (socketWrapper == null) { iterator.remove(); } else { iterator.remove(); processKey(sk, socketWrapper); } } // Process timeouts timeout(keyCount,hasEvents); } getStopLatch().countDown(); } protected void processKey(SelectionKey sk, NioSocketWrapper socketWrapper) { try { if (close) { cancelledKey(sk, socketWrapper); } else if (sk.isValid() && socketWrapper != null) { if (sk.isReadable() || sk.isWritable()) { if (socketWrapper.getSendfileData() != null) { processSendfile(sk, socketWrapper, false); } else { unreg(sk, socketWrapper, sk.readyOps()); boolean closeSocket = false; // Read goes before write if (sk.isReadable()) { if (socketWrapper.readOperation != null) { if (!socketWrapper.readOperation.process()) { closeSocket = true; } } else if (!processSocket(socketWrapper, SocketEvent.OPEN_READ, true)) { closeSocket = true; } } if (!closeSocket && sk.isWritable()) { if (socketWrapper.writeOperation != null) { if (!socketWrapper.writeOperation.process()) { closeSocket = true; } } else if (!processSocket(socketWrapper, SocketEvent.OPEN_WRITE, true)) { closeSocket = true; } } if (closeSocket) { cancelledKey(sk, socketWrapper); } } } } else { // Invalid key cancelledKey(sk, socketWrapper); } } catch (CancelledKeyException ckx) { cancelledKey(sk, socketWrapper); } catch (Throwable t) { ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t); log.error(sm.getString("endpoint.nio.keyProcessingError"), t); } } protected void processKey(SelectionKey sk, NioSocketWrapper socketWrapper) { try { if (close) { cancelledKey(sk, socketWrapper); } else if (sk.isValid() && socketWrapper != null) { if (sk.isReadable() || sk.isWritable()) { if (socketWrapper.getSendfileData() != null) { processSendfile(sk, socketWrapper, false); } else { unreg(sk, socketWrapper, sk.readyOps()); boolean closeSocket = false; // Read goes before write if (sk.isReadable()) { if (socketWrapper.readOperation != null) { if (!socketWrapper.readOperation.process()) { closeSocket = true; } } else if (!processSocket(socketWrapper, SocketEvent.OPEN_READ, true)) { closeSocket = true; } } if (!closeSocket && sk.isWritable()) { if (socketWrapper.writeOperation != null) { if (!socketWrapper.writeOperation.process()) { closeSocket = true; } } else if (!processSocket(socketWrapper, SocketEvent.OPEN_WRITE, true)) { closeSocket = true; } } if (closeSocket) { cancelledKey(sk, socketWrapper); } } } } else { // Invalid key cancelledKey(sk, socketWrapper); } } catch (CancelledKeyException ckx) { cancelledKey(sk, socketWrapper); } catch (Throwable t) { ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t); log.error(sm.getString("endpoint.nio.keyProcessingError"), t); } }在run方法中，会轮询Poller队列中的请求，并调用processKey方法进行处理，并最终调用processSocket方法
public boolean processSocket(SocketWrapperBase<S> socketWrapper, SocketEvent event, boolean dispatch) { try { if (socketWrapper == null) { return false; } SocketProcessorBase<S> sc = null; if (processorCache != null) { sc = processorCache.pop(); } if (sc == null) { sc = createSocketProcessor(socketWrapper, event); } else { sc.reset(socketWrapper, event); } Executor executor = getExecutor(); if (dispatch && executor != null) { executor.execute(sc); } else { sc.run(); } } catch (RejectedExecutionException ree) { getLog().warn(sm.getString("endpoint.executor.fail", socketWrapper) , ree); return false; } catch (Throwable t) { ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t); // This means we got an OOM or similar creating a thread, or that // the pool and its queue are full getLog().error(sm.getString("endpoint.process.fail"), t); return false; } return true; }在processSocket会将请求封装为SocketProcessor对象，并多线程进行处理。
SocketProcessor
protected class SocketProcessor extends SocketProcessorBase<NioChannel> { public SocketProcessor(SocketWrapperBase<NioChannel> socketWrapper, SocketEvent event) { super(socketWrapper, event); } @Override protected void doRun() { NioChannel socket = socketWrapper.getSocket(); SelectionKey key = socket.getIOChannel().keyFor(socket.getSocketWrapper().getPoller().getSelector()); Poller poller = NioEndpoint.this.poller; if (poller == null) { socketWrapper.close(); return; } try { int handshake = -1; try { if (key != null) { if (socket.isHandshakeComplete()) { // No TLS handshaking required. Let the handler // process this socket / event combination. handshake = 0; } else if (event == SocketEvent.STOP || event == SocketEvent.DISCONNECT || event == SocketEvent.ERROR) { // Unable to complete the TLS handshake. Treat it as // if the handshake failed. handshake = -1; } else { handshake = socket.handshake(key.isReadable(), key.isWritable()); // The handshake process reads/writes from/to the // socket. status may therefore be OPEN_WRITE once // the handshake completes. However, the handshake // happens when the socket is opened so the status // must always be OPEN_READ after it completes. It // is OK to always set this as it is only used if // the handshake completes. event = SocketEvent.OPEN_READ; } } } catch (IOException x) { handshake = -1; if (log.isDebugEnabled()) log.debug("Error during SSL handshake",x); } catch (CancelledKeyException ckx) { handshake = -1; } if (handshake == 0) { SocketState state = SocketState.OPEN; // Process the request from this socket if (event == null) { state = getHandler().process(socketWrapper, SocketEvent.OPEN_READ); } else { state = getHandler().process(socketWrapper, event); } if (state == SocketState.CLOSED) { poller.cancelledKey(key, socketWrapper); } } else if (handshake == -1 ) { getHandler().process(socketWrapper, SocketEvent.CONNECT_FAIL); poller.cancelledKey(key, socketWrapper); } else if (handshake == SelectionKey.OP_READ){ socketWrapper.registerReadInterest(); } else if (handshake == SelectionKey.OP_WRITE){ socketWrapper.registerWriteInterest(); } } catch (CancelledKeyException cx) { poller.cancelledKey(key, socketWrapper); } catch (VirtualMachineError vme) { ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(vme); } catch (Throwable t) { log.error(sm.getString("endpoint.processing.fail"), t); poller.cancelledKey(key, socketWrapper); } finally { socketWrapper = null; event = null; //return to cache if (running && !paused && processorCache != null) { processorCache.push(this); } } } }public SocketState process(SocketWrapperBase<S> wrapper, SocketEvent status) {...省略其他代码...if (processor == null) { processor = getProtocol().createProcessor(); register(processor); }...省略其他代码...state = processor.process(wrapper, status);} protected Processor createProcessor() { Http11Processor processor = new Http11Processor(this, adapter); return processor; }在SocketProcessor中，多线程run方法会调用dorun方法，其中会调用getHandler().process()方法来进行后续处理，在process方法中会实例化processor，并调用processor.process，HTTP/1.1协议对应的processor为Http11Processor
在Http11Processor中，会对HTTP请求的头部信息进行解析，此处代码较多，读者可自行查看Http11Processor.service方法。
解析完请求头后，调用CoyoteAdapter.service方法
CoyoteAdapter
public void service(org.apache.coyote.Request req, org.apache.coyote.Response res) throws Exception { Request request = (Request) req.getNote(ADAPTER_NOTES); Response response = (Response) res.getNote(ADAPTER_NOTES); if (request == null) { // Create objects request = connector.createRequest(); request.setCoyoteRequest(req); response = connector.createResponse(); response.setCoyoteResponse(res); // Link objects request.setResponse(response); response.setRequest(request); // Set as notes req.setNote(ADAPTER_NOTES, request); res.setNote(ADAPTER_NOTES, response); // Set query string encoding req.getParameters().setQueryStringCharset(connector.getURICharset()); } if (connector.getXpoweredBy()) { response.addHeader("X-Powered-By", POWERED_BY); } boolean async = false; boolean postParseSuccess = false; req.getRequestProcessor().setWorkerThreadName(THREAD_NAME.get()); try { // Parse and set Catalina and configuration specific // request parameters postParseSuccess = postParseRequest(req, request, res, response); if (postParseSuccess) { //check valves if we support async request.setAsyncSupported( connector.getService().getContainer().getPipeline().isAsyncSupported()); // Calling the container connector.getService().getContainer().getPipeline().getFirst().invoke( request, response); //责任链模式，调用处理管道 }...省略其他代码... }在CoyoteAdapter的service方法中
postParseRequest:生成request和response对象，其中会请求头信息匹配出相应的
connector.getService().getContainer().getPipeline().getFirst().invoke(request, response)会调用Service下的容器的管道，即从StandardEngine开始之后所有的所有容器，以责任链设计模式进行调用，具体参照第二章节的模块图。
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve
public final void invoke(Request request, Response response) throws IOException, ServletException {...省略其他代码... servlet = wrapper.allocate(); //生成servlet try { if ((servlet != null) && (filterChain != null)) { // Swallow output if needed if (context.getSwallowOutput()) { try { SystemLogHandler.startCapture(); if (request.isAsyncDispatching()) { request.getAsyncContextInternal().doInternalDispatch(); } else { filterChain.doFilter(request.getRequest(), response.getResponse()); //调用filter，在filter结束后调用servlet } } finally { String log = SystemLogHandler.stopCapture(); if (log != null && log.length() > 0) { context.getLogger().info(log); } } } else { if (request.isAsyncDispatching()) { request.getAsyncContextInternal().doInternalDispatch(); } else { filterChain.doFilter (request.getRequest(), response.getResponse()); } } } }...省略其他代码...在管道最后的处理 StandardWrapperValve中，invoke方法会对匹配到的Servlet进行初始化和调用，其中servlet的调用会在过滤器链的最后进行调用
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException { if( Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED ) { final ServletRequest req = request; final ServletResponse res = response; try { java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged( new java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction<Void>() { @Override public Void run() throws ServletException, IOException { internalDoFilter(req,res); return null; } } ); } catch( PrivilegedActionException pe) { Exception e = pe.getException(); if (e instanceof ServletException) throw (ServletException) e; else if (e instanceof IOException) throw (IOException) e; else if (e instanceof RuntimeException) throw (RuntimeException) e; else throw new ServletException(e.getMessage(), e); } } else { internalDoFilter(request,response); } } private void internalDoFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException { // Call the next filter if there is one if (pos < n) { ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = filters[pos++]; try { Filter filter = filterConfig.getFilter(); if (request.isAsyncSupported() && "false".equalsIgnoreCase( filterConfig.getFilterDef().getAsyncSupported())) { request.setAttribute(Globals.ASYNC_SUPPORTED_ATTR, Boolean.FALSE); } if( Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED ) { final ServletRequest req = request; final ServletResponse res = response; Principal principal = ((HttpServletRequest) req).getUserPrincipal(); Object[] args = new Object[]{req, res, this}; SecurityUtil.doAsPrivilege ("doFilter", filter, classType, args, principal); } else { filter.doFilter(request, response, this); } } catch (IOException | ServletException | RuntimeException e) { throw e; } catch (Throwable e) { e = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(e); ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(e); throw new ServletException(sm.getString("filterChain.filter"), e); } return; } // We fell off the end of the chain -- call the servlet instance try { if (ApplicationDispatcher.WRAP_SAME_OBJECT) { lastServicedRequest.set(request); lastServicedResponse.set(response); } if (request.isAsyncSupported() && !servletSupportsAsync) { request.setAttribute(Globals.ASYNC_SUPPORTED_ATTR, Boolean.FALSE); } // Use potentially wrapped request from this point if ((request instanceof HttpServletRequest) && (response instanceof HttpServletResponse) && Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED ) { final ServletRequest req = request; final ServletResponse res = response; Principal principal = ((HttpServletRequest) req).getUserPrincipal(); Object[] args = new Object[]{req, res}; SecurityUtil.doAsPrivilege("service", servlet, classTypeUsedInService, args, principal); } else { servlet.service(request, response); } } catch (IOException | ServletException | RuntimeException e) { throw e; } catch (Throwable e) { e = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(e); ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(e); throw new ServletException(sm.getString("filterChain.servlet"), e); } finally { if (ApplicationDispatcher.WRAP_SAME_OBJECT) { lastServicedRequest.set(null); lastServicedResponse.set(null); } } }可以看到ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter方法中会递归过滤链，在调用完所有的filter之后，调用servlet.servce方法
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { String method = req.getMethod(); if (method.equals(METHOD_GET)) { long lastModified = getLastModified(req); if (lastModified == -1) { // servlet doesn't support if-modified-since, no reason // to go through further expensive logic doGet(req, resp); } else { long ifModifiedSince; try { ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader(HEADER_IFMODSINCE); } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) { // Invalid date header - proceed as if none was set ifModifiedSince = -1; } if (ifModifiedSince < (lastModified / 1000 * 1000)) { // If the servlet mod time is later, call doGet() // Round down to the nearest second for a proper compare // A ifModifiedSince of -1 will always be less maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified); doGet(req, resp); } else { resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED); } } } else if (method.equals(METHOD_HEAD)) { long lastModified = getLastModified(req); maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified); doHead(req, resp); } else if (method.equals(METHOD_POST)) { doPost(req, resp); } else if (method.equals(METHOD_PUT)) { doPut(req, resp); } else if (method.equals(METHOD_DELETE)) { doDelete(req, resp); } else if (method.equals(METHOD_OPTIONS)) { doOptions(req,resp); } else if (method.equals(METHOD_TRACE)) { doTrace(req,resp); } else { // // Note that this means NO servlet supports whatever // method was requested, anywhere on this server. // String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented"); Object[] errArgs = new Object[1]; errArgs[0] = method; errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs); resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, errMsg); } }在HttpServlet中，service方法会根据请求的不同方法相应的调用doPost、doGet等方法。
时序图
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