Python进行Restful API开发实例详解
1. Flask-RESTful
1.安装pip依赖
[root@bigdata001 ~]#
[root@bigdata001 ~]# pip3 install flask
[root@bigdata001 ~]#
[root@bigdata001 ~]# pip3 install flask_restful
[root@bigdata001 ~]#2.运行程序如下：
#!/usr/bin/python3
from flask import Flask
from flask_restful import Resource, Api, reqparse
host = '0.0.0.0'
port = 5600
app = Flask(__name__)
api = Api(app)
class HelloWorld(Resource):
def __init__(self):
self.parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
self.parser.add_argument("key1", type = str)
self.parser.add_argument("key2", type = str)
def get(self):
data = self.parser.parse_args()
value1 = data.get("key1")
value2 = data.get("key2")
return {'hello':'world', value1:value2}
api.add_resource(HelloWorld, '/query')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host = host, port = port, debug = True)3.请求URL: http://192.168.23.21:5600/query?key1=fruit&key2=apple
4.查看Web页面返回结果如下：
{
"hello": "world",
"fruit": "apple"
}
2. fastapi + nacos服务注册
1.安装pip依赖
[root@bigdata001 ~]#
[root@bigdata001 ~]# pip install fastapi
[root@bigdata001 ~]#
[root@bigdata001 ~]# pip install uvicorn
[root@bigdata001 ~]#
[root@bigdata001 ~]# pip3 install nacos-sdk-python
[root@bigdata001 ~]#2.router模块程序如下：
from typing import Optional
from fastapi import APIRouter, Query, Path
fastapi_router=APIRouter()
@fastapi_router.get(path="/")
async def read_root():
return {"Hello": "World"}
@fastapi_router.get(path = "/items/{my_item_id}",
summary='路径测试',
description='路径测试',
tags=['测试模块'],
response_description='{"my_item_id": my_item_id, "q": q}')
async def read_item(my_item_id: int=Path(None, description="我的item id"),
q: Optional[str] = Query(None, description="查询参数")):
return {"my_item_id": my_item_id, "q": q}3.app模块程序如下：
import nacos
from fastapi import FastAPI
import fastapi_router
def register_server_to_nacos():
nacos_server_addresses = '192.168.8.246:8848'
nacos_namespace = 'public'
nacos_user = 'xxxxxx'
nacos_password = '123456'
nacos_cluster_name = 'DEFAULT'
nacos_group_name = 'DEFAULT_GROUP'
nacos_project_service_name = 'data-quality-system'
nacos_project_service_ip = '192.168.8.111'
nacos_project_service_port = 6060
client = nacos.NacosClient(nacos_server_addresses,
namespace=nacos_namespace,
username=nacos_user,
password=nacos_password)
client.add_naming_instance(nacos_project_service_name,
nacos_project_service_ip,
nacos_project_service_port,
cluster_name = nacos_cluster_name,
weight = 1,
metadata = None,
enable = True,
healthy = True,
ephemeral = False,
group_name = nacos_group_name)
client.send_heartbeat(nacos_project_service_name,
nacos_project_service_ip,
nacos_project_service_port,
cluster_name=nacos_cluster_name,
weight=1,
metadata=None,
ephemeral=False,
group_name=nacos_group_name)
app = FastAPI(title='my_fastapi_docs',description='my_fastapi_docs')
app.include_router(router=fastapi_router.fastapi_router)
if __name__ == '__main__':
register_server_to_nacos()
import uvicorn
uvicorn.run(app=app, host="0.0.0.0",port=8080, workers=1)4.请求URL: http://192.168.43.50:8080/items/6?q=fastapi
5.查看Web页面返回结果如下：
{"my_item_id":6,"q":"fastapi"}
查看fastapi docs路径：http://192.168.43.50:8080/docs，结果如下：
查看nacos页面如下：
2.1 post
post代码片段如下：
from pydantic import BaseModel
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
description: Optional[str] = None
price: float
tax: Optional[float] = None
@fastapi_router.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item):
print(item.dict())
return item执行requestTest.py
import requests
url = "http://192.168.88.177:6060/items"
data = {
"name" : "bigdataboy",
"price": 100,
}
response = requests.post(url=url,json=data)
print(response.json())post代码片段和requestTest.py的执行结果都是
{'name': 'bigdataboy', 'description': None, 'price': 100.0, 'tax': None}
2.2 get请求接收list参数
get代码片段如下：
from typing import List
@fastapi_router.get(path = "/items/get_list")
async def get_list(id: int = Query(None),
names: List[str] = Query(None)
):
return {"id":id, "names":names}访问http://192.168.88.177:8080/items/get_list?id=3&names=test1&names=test2，得到的结果如下：
2.3 请求URL进行文件下载
get代码片段如下：
from starlette.responses import FileResponse
@fastapi_router.get(path = "/items/downloadFile")
async def downloadFile():
return FileResponse('C:\\Users\\dell\\Desktop\\test.txt', filename='test.txt')访问http://192.168.88.177:8080/items/downloadFile，得到的结果如下：
2.4 获取Request Headers的Authorization，并使用JWT解析
使用浏览器F12查看的Authorization如下：
以上URL的请求是公司的前端向后端请求数据，只是记录下来，并自己并没有做模拟测试
jwt的安装
from starlette.responses import FileResponse
@fastapi_router.get(path = "/items/downloadFile")
async def downloadFile():
return FileResponse('C:\\Users\\dell\\Desktop\\test.txt', filename='test.txt')demo如下：
from fastapi import Request
import jwt
@fastapi_router.get(path = "/items/get_authorization")
async def get_authorization(request:Request,
name: str):
authorization = request.headers.get('authorization')
token = authorization[7:]
token_dict = jwt.decode(token, options={"verify_signature": False})
return token_dict访问http://192.168.88.177:8080/items/get_authorization?name=zhang_san，得到的结果如下：
{
'key1': value1,
'key2': 'value2'
}
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