Oracle Data Guard部署分析
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序言
DATAGUARD是通过建立一个PRIMARY和STANDBY组来确立其参照关系。
STANDBY一旦创建，DATAGUARD就会通过将主数据库(PRIMARY)的REDO传递给STANDBY数据库，然后在STANDBY中应用REDO实现数据库的同步。
有两种类型的STANDBY：物理STANDBY和逻辑STANDBY。
物理STANDBY提供与主数据库完全一样的拷贝（块到块），数据库SCHEMA，包括索引都是一样的。它是直接应用REDO实现同步的。逻辑STANDBY则不是这样，在逻辑STANDBY中，逻辑信息是相同的，但物理组织和数据结构可以不同，它和主库保持同步的方法是将接收的REDO转换成SQL语句，然后在STANDBY上执行SQL语句。逻辑STANDBY除灾难恢复外还有其它用途，比如用于用户进行查询和报表。
安装环境
在主库--primary上搭建数据库软件，建立监听，采用dbca搭建实例；
在备库--standby上搭建数据库软件，建立监听，但是不需要建立实例。
在linux上搭建oracle数据库，过程略。
步骤概述：
1. 主库开启归档并设置快速恢复区；
2. 主库创建归档同步目录；
3. 主库添加STANDBY日志文件；
4. 主备皆配置网络---监听配置文件；
5. 将主库的密码文件传输到备库；
6. 修改主库的参数文件传输到备库，需修改部分信息；
7. 以动态参数文件的形式启动备库数据库；
8. 主库登录RMAN，【duplicate】复制数据库；
一、 主备库配置
1.创建归档同步目录
[oracle@test1 ~]$ mkdir -p /home/oracle/flash
[oracle@test2 ~]$ mkdir -p /home/oracle/flash2.开启归档并设置快速恢复区
SYS@PROD1 >
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/flash';
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=4G;
alter database archivelog;3.主库添加STANDBY日志文件
alter database add standby logfile group 4 '/home/oracle/s1.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group 5 '/home/oracle/s2.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group 6 '/home/oracle/s3.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group 7 '/home/oracle/s4.log' size 50M;4.主备库修改监听配置文件
[oracle@test1 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/[oracle@test1 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test1.us.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=PROD1)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME=PROD1))
)[oracle@test1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
PROD1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test1.us.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = PROD1)
)
)
PROD1_S =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test2.us.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = PROD1)
)
)启动监听，并测试服务名网络的通畅。两台主机均需测试两个服务名（此省略主库的测试）：
[oracle@test1 admin]$ lsnrctl start
[oracle@test2 admin]$ lsnrctl start[oracle@test2 admin]$ tnsping prod1
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 25-FEB-2019 11:46:06
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test1.us.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = PROD1)))
OK (0 msec)
[oracle@test2 admin]$ tnsping prod1_s
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 25-FEB-2019 11:47:04
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test2.us.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = PROD1)))
OK (0 msec)5.传输密码文件：
[oracle@test1 dbs]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@test1 dbs]$ ls
hc_PROD1.dat init.ora lkPROD1 orapwPROD1 spfilePROD1.ora
[oracle@test1 dbs]$ scp orapwPROD1 test2:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
oracle@test2's password:
orapwPROD1 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:006.修改参数文件配置：
[oracle@test1 dbs]$ ls
hc_PROD1.dat init.ora initPROD1.ora lkPROD1 orapwPROD1 spfilePROD1.ora
[oracle@test1 dbs]$ cat initPROD1.ora
PROD1.__db_cache_size=260046848
PROD1.__java_pool_size=4194304
PROD1.__large_pool_size=8388608
PROD1.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
PROD1.__pga_aggregate_target=398458880
PROD1.__sga_target=390070272
PROD1.__shared_io_pool_size=0
PROD1.__shared_pool_size=104857600
PROD1.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD1/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='PROD1'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/flash'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4294967296
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=PROD1XDB)'
*.memory_target=786432000
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD1
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(PROD1,LEILEI)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=
'LOCATION=/home/oracle/flash
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD1'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=
'SERVICE=PROD1_S ASYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=LEILEI'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=30
FAL_SERVER=PROD1
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO传输静态参数文件到备库：
[oracle@test1 dbs]$ scp initPROD1.ora test2:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
oracle@test2's password:
initPROD1.ora 100% 1399 1.4KB/s 00:00在备库上修改静态参数文件：
[oracle@test2 dbs]$ cat initPROD1.ora
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='PROD1'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/flash'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4294967296
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=PROD1XDB)'
*.memory_target=786432000
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=LEILEI
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(LEILEI,PROD1)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=
'LOCATION=/home/oracle/flash
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=LEILEI'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=
'SERVICE=PROD1 ASYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD1'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=30
FAL_SERVER=PROD1
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO7.在备库上，创建静态参数文件中对应的目录文件夹
[oracle@test2 dbs]$
mkdir -p /home/oracle/flash
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD1/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD18.启动备库到【nomount】阶段；
[oracle@test2 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=PROD1
[oracle@test2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Feb 25 13:59:23 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SYS@PROD1 >startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1219260416 bytes
Fixed Size 2252744 bytes
Variable Size 788529208 bytes
Database Buffers 419430400 bytes
Redo Buffers 9048064 bytes9.主库登录RMAN，复制数据库；
[oracle@test1 ~]$ rman target sys/oracle@prod1 auxiliary sys/oracle@prod1_s
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Feb 25 13:43:23 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: PROD1 (DBID=2222506242)
connected to auxiliary database: PROD1 (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;
Starting Duplicate Db at 2019-02-25 13:43:31
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
targetfile '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwPROD1' auxiliary format
'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwPROD1' ;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 2019-02-25 13:43:32
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=17 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 2019-02-25 13:43:33
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control01.ctl';
restore clone controlfile to '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/control02.ctl' from
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control01.ctl';
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 2019-02-25 13:43:33
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_PROD1.f tag=TAG20190225T134333 RECID=2 STAMP=1001166214
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 2019-02-25 13:43:36
Starting restore at 2019-02-25 13:43:36
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 2019-02-25 13:43:37
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 5 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf";
backup as copy reuse
datafile 1 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf" datafile
2 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf" datafile
3 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf" datafile
4 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf" datafile
5 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf" ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/temp01.dbf in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 2019-02-25 13:43:43
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf tag=TAG20190225T134343
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20190225T134343
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf tag=TAG20190225T134343
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20190225T134343
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf tag=TAG20190225T134343
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2019-02-25 13:45:16
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=1001167339 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=1001167339 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=1001167339 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=1001167339 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=1001167339 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 2019-02-25 13:45:32二、 检查主备搭建情况
1. 主库
[oracle@test1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=PROD1
[oracle@test1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Feb 25 13:46:56 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@PROD1 >select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
READ WRITE PRIMARY SESSIONS ACTIVE
SYS@PROD1 >select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARCHIV STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------ -------------------------------- ------------- ------------------- ------------ -------------------
1 1 16 52428800 512 1 NO CURRENT 996478 2019-02-25 14:19:03 2.8147E+14
2 1 14 52428800 512 1 YES INACTIVE 996073 2019-02-25 14:12:33 996161 2019-02-25 14:13:55
3 1 15 52428800 512 1 YES ACTIVE 996161 2019-02-25 14:13:55 996478 2019-02-25 14:19:032. 备库
[oracle@test2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Feb 25 14:04:36 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@PROD1 >select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
MOUNTED PHYSICAL STANDBY RECOVERY NEEDED
备库处于MOUNTED模式下，只能开启实时应用在线日志或者归档日志。
SYS@PROD1 >select PROCESS,STATUS,SEQUENCE# from v$managed_standby;
PROCESS STATUS SEQUENCE#
------------------ ---------------------- -----------------
ARCH CLOSING 15
ARCH CONNECTED 0
......
ARCH CONNECTED 0
ARCH CONNECTED 0
ARCH CONNECTED 0
RFS IDLE 0
RFS IDLE 0
RFS IDLE 16
33 rows selected.
SYS@PROD1 >alter database open;
Database altered.
SYS@PROD1 >select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
------------- ----------------- -------------------
READ ONLY PHYSICAL STANDBY NOT ALLOWED三、 测试主备功能及切换应用
Ø 测试1
Ø 测试1
Test1：
SYS@PROD1 >create table t1 (id number);
Table created.
Test2：
SYS@PROD1 >desc t1
ERROR:
ORA-04043: object t1 does not exist
SYS@PROD1 >recover managed standby database disconnect;
Media recovery complete.
SYS@PROD1 >desc t1
ERROR:
ORA-04043: object t1 does not exist
Test1：
SYS@PROD1 >alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
Test2：
SYS@PROD1 >desc t1
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------
ID NUMBERØ 测试2
11G新特性：ADG
Test2：
SYS@PROD1 >recover managed standby database cancel;
Media recovery complete.
SYS@PROD1 >recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
Media recovery complete.
Test1：
SYS@PROD1 >create table t2 (id number);
Table created.
Test2：
SYS@PROD1 >desc t2
Name Null? Type
-----------------------------------
ID NUMBERØ 测试3
以下为Data Guard最为重要的两个功能：
参考博客：http://www.cnblogs.com/hllnj2008/p/4995099.html
角色切换
TEST1:
SYS@PROD1 >select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
READ WRITE PRIMARY TO STANDBY
SYS@PROD1 >alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
Database altered.
SYS@PROD1 >conn / as sysdba;
Connected to an idle instance.
SYS@PROD1 >startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1219260416 bytes
Fixed Size 2252744 bytes
Variable Size 788529208 bytes
Database Buffers 419430400 bytes
Redo Buffers 9048064 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SYS@PROD1 >select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
READ ONLY PHYSICAL STANDBY TO PRIMARY
TEST2:
SYS@PROD1 >recover managed standby database cancel;
Media recovery complete.
SYS@PROD1 >select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
READ ONLY PHYSICAL STANDBY TO PRIMARY
SYS@PROD1 >alter database commit to switchover to primary;
Database altered.
SYS@PROD1 >select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
MOUNTED PRIMARY NOT ALLOWED
SYS@PROD1 >alter database open;
Database altered.
SYS@PROD1 >insert into t1 values (1);
1 row created.
SYS@PROD1 >commit;
Commit complete.
SYS@PROD1 >select * from t1;
ID
----------
1
TEST1:
SYS@PROD1 >select * from t1;
no rows selected
SYS@PROD1 >recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
Media recovery complete.
SYS@PROD1 >select * from t1;
ID
----------
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