在linux6上如何安装vertica列式数据库
这篇文章主要介绍在linux6上如何安装vertica列式数据库，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！
数据库用户和权限
dbadmin—Administrative user
verticadba—Group for DBA users
集群节点之间的dbadmin用户要配置互信。
集群节点之间用户名和密码要相同。
Dbadmin用户的shell环境设置为/bin/bash，因为vertica所有的shell脚本要在bash shell环境下执行。
提供读写执行权限对下面的目录：
/opt/vertica/*
/home/dbadmin
安装前准备
存储路径
指定存储catalog files的目录和data files的目录。Catalog和data files存放路径应该分开，不应存放在一起。Catalog的存放目录要在集群内所有节点保持一致。而且节点之间注意不要用共享目录存放这两类文件。
Disk Space Requirements for Vertica
网络配置
单节点和集群的网络配置都是一样的，只有一种情况是例外的。如果安装时使用了localhost和回环地址（127.0.0.1），那么只能是单节点使用。后续无法添加节点变成集群。
必须能够使用ssh协议登录。
端口畅通性
Port | Protocol | Service | Notes |
7 | TCP | Management Console | Required by Management Console to discover Vertica nodes. |
22 | TCP | sshd | Required by Administration Tools and the Management Console Cluster Installation wizard. |
5433 | TCP | Vertica | Vertica client (vsql, ODBC, JDBC, etc) port. |
5434 | TCP | Vertica | Intra- and inter-cluster communication. Vertica opens the Vertica client port +1 (5434 by default) for intra-cluster communication, such as during a plan. If the port +1 from the default client port is not available, then Vertica opens a random port for intra-cluster communication. |
5433 | UDP | Vertica | Vertica spread monitoring. |
5444 | TCP | Vertica | MC-to-node and node-to-node (agent) communications port. See Changing MC or Agent Ports. |
5450 | TCP | Vertica | Port used to connect to MC from a web browser and allows communication from nodes to the MC application/web server. See Connecting to Management Console. |
4803 | TCP | Spread | Client connections. |
4803 | UDP | Spread | Daemon to Daemon connections. |
4804 | UDP | Spread | Daemon to Daemon connections. |
6543 | UDP | Spread | Monitor to Daemon connection. |
防火墙设置
Rhel6/centos6
# service iptables save# service iptables stop# chkconfig iptables off# service ip6tables save# service ip6tables stop# chkconfig ip6tables offGeneral Operating System Configuration - AutomaticallyConfigured by the Installer
General Operating System Configuration - ManualConfiguration
System User Configuration
Rpm包安装
openssh—Required for Administration Tools connectivity between nodes.which—Required for Vertica operating system integration and for validating installations.dialog—Required for interactivity with Administration Tools.# yum install openssh# yum install which# yum install dialogTZ变量设置
如果没有设置TZ变量，安装会报错S0305.
自动修改的操作系统参数
These general Operating System settings are automaticallymade by the installer if they do not meet Vertica requirements. You can prevent the installer from automatically making theseconfiguration changes by using the--no-system-configurationparameter for theinstall_verticascript.
下面这些参数如果不满足vertica需求，那么会在安装的时候自动修改。如果不想被自动修改的话，可以用--no-system-configuration参数跳过。
sysctl
Nice Limits Configuration
min_free_kbytes Setting
User Max Open Files Limit
System Max Open Files Limit
Pam Limits
pid_max Setting
User Address Space Limits
User File Size Limit
User Process Limit
Maximum Memory Maps Configuration
手动修改的操作系统参数
The following general Operating Systemsettings must be done manually.
Manually Configuring Operating SystemSettings
Check for Swappiness
Disk Readahead
Enabling Network Time Protocol (NTP)
Enabling chrony or ntpd for Red Hat7/CentOS 7 Systems
SELinux Configuration
CPU Frequency Scaling
Enabling or Disabling Transparent Hugepages
Disabling Defrag for Red Hat and CentOSSystems
I/O Scheduling
Support Tools
下面安装一个单节点的vertica数据库:
随便装个测试环境玩玩，很多没细细考究。
操作系统版本：
[root@ verticatest ~]# lsb_release -a LSB Version: :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch Distributor ID: RedHatEnterpriseServer Description: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago) Release: 6.4 Codename: Santiago |
操作系统时区：
[root@verticatest ~]# more /etc/sysconfig/clock ZONE="Asia/Shanghai" |
安装rpm包：
[root@verticatest ~]# yum install openssh ntp which dialog –y [root@verticatest ~]# service ntpd restart Shutting down ntpd: [FAILED] Starting ntpd: [ OK ] [root@verticatest ~]# chkconfig ntpd on |
防火墙权限：
|
Selinux设置：
[root@verticatest ~]# more /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@verticatest ~]#setenforce 0 setenforce: SELinux is disabled |
其他配置：
echo deadline > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler echo never >/sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage/enabled echo never >/sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage/defrag echo no > /sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage/khugepaged/defrag echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness /sbin/blockdev --setra 8192 /dev/sda |
Ssh配置
LoginGraceTime 0 [root@verticatest ~]# service sshd reload Reloading sshd: |
创建用户：
[root@verticatest ~]#groupadd -g 601 verticadba [root@verticatest ~]# useradd -u 601 -g 601 dbadmin [root@verticatest ~]#mkdir -p /home/dbadmin/data^C [root@verticatest ~]# echo oracle|passwd --stdin dbadmin Changing password for user dbadmin. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@ verticatest ~]# su - dbadmin [dbadmin@ verticatest ~]$ mkdir -p /home/dbadmin/data [dbadmin@ verticatest ~]$ mkdir -p /home/dbadmin/catalog
[dbadmin@ verticatest ~]$ more .bash_profile # .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH export TZ="Asia/Shanghai" [dbadmin@ verticatest ~]$ . .bash_profile [dbadmin@ verticatest ~]$ echo $TZ Asia/Shanghai |
安装数据库软件：
[root@verticatest ~]# /opt/vertica/sbin/install_vertica --hosts 192.168.117.4 --rpm /root/vertica-8.0.0-0.x86_64.RHEL6.rpm --dba-user dbadmin Vertica Analytic Database 8.0.0-0 Installation Tool
>> Validating options...
Mapping hostnames in --hosts (-s) to addresses...
>> Starting installation tasks. >> Getting system information for cluster (this may take a while)...
Default shell on nodes: 192.168.117.4 /bin/bash
>> Validating software versions (rpm or deb)...
>> Beginning new cluster creation...
successfully backed up admintools.conf on 192.168.117.4
>> Creating or validating DB Admin user/group...
Successful on hosts (1): 192.168.117.4 Provided DB Admin account details: user = dbadmin, group = verticadba, home = /home/dbadmin Creating group... Group already exists Validating group... Okay Creating user... User already exists Validating user... Okay
>> Validating node and cluster prerequisites...
System prerequisites passed. Threshold = WARN
>> Establishing DB Admin SSH connectivity...
Installing/Repairing SSH keys for dbadmin
>> Setting up each node and modifying cluster...
Creating Vertica Data Directory...
Updating agent... Creating node node0001 definition for host 192.168.117.4 ... Done
>> Sending new cluster configuration to all nodes...
Starting agent...
>> Completing installation...
Running upgrade logic No spread upgrade required: /opt/vertica/config/vspread.conf not found on any node Installation complete.
Please evaluate your hardware using Vertica's validation tools: https://my.vertica.com/docs/8.0.x/HTML/index.htm#cshid=VALSCRIPT
To create a database: 1. Logout and login as dbadmin. (see note below) 2. Run /opt/vertica/bin/adminTools as dbadmin 3. Select Create Database from the Configuration Menu
Note: Installation may have made configuration changes to dbadmin that do not take effect until the next session (logout and login).
To add or remove hosts, select Cluster Management from the Advanced Menu.
|
创建数据库：
[dbadmin@verticatest ~]$ /opt/vertica/bin/admintools
企业版要指定license file的位置，社区版直接确定ok。
上下键选择，tab键选择下面的OK，cancel和help。
上下键选到第二行，空格建选中，tab键选中ok，按回车键。
选择6 configuration menu
选择1 Create database：
输入数据库的名字和db的注释：
输入口令：
确认口令：
选择catalog和data文件路径：
k-safe是vertica数据库集群的高可用等级：
创建过程：
*** Creating database: firstvdb *** Creating database firstvdb Starting bootstrap node v_firstvdb_node0001 (192.168.117.4) Starting nodes: v_firstvdb_node0001 (192.168.117.4) Starting Vertica on all nodes. Please wait, databases with large catalog may take a while to initialize. Node Status: v_firstvdb_node0001: (DOWN) Node Status: v_firstvdb_node0001: (DOWN) Node Status: v_firstvdb_node0001: (DOWN) Node Status: v_firstvdb_node0001: (DOWN) Node Status: v_firstvdb_node0001: (UP) Automatically installing extension packages Package: flextable Success: package flextable successfully installed Package: approximate Success: package approximate successfully installed Package: hdfsconnector Success: package hdfsconnector successfully installed Package: AWS Success: package AWS successfully installed Package: logsearch Success: package logsearch successfully installed Package: txtindex Success: package txtindex successfully installed Package: MachineLearning Success: package MachineLearning successfully installed Package: idol Success: package idol successfully installed Package: kafka Success: package kafka successfully installed Package: place Success: package place successfully installed
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连接数据库：
[dbadmin@verticatest ~]$ vsql -h 192.168.117.4 -U dbadmin Password: Welcome to vsql, the Vertica Analytic Database interactive terminal.
Type: \h or \? for help with vsql commands \g or terminate with semicolon to execute query \q to quit
dbadmin=>
这里也可以用本地回环地址。 |
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