python利用pymssql连接SQL

2023-01-31 06:39

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首先需要安装pymssql模块（http://linuxshow.blog.51cto.com/1572053/1407255）

配置下freetds

#cat /usr/local/freetds/etc/freetds.conf

# $Id: freetds.conf,v 1.12 2007/12/25 06:02:36 jklowden Exp $
#
# This file is installed by FreeTDS if no file by the same
# name is found in the installation directory.
#
# For information about the layout of this file and its settings,
# see the freetds.conf manpage "man freetds.conf".

# Global settings are overridden by those in a database
# server specific section
[global]
# TDS protocol version
;tds version = 4.2

# Whether to write a TDSDUMP file for diagnostic purposes
# (setting this to /tmp is insecure on a multi-user system)
;dump file = /tmp/freetds.log
;debug flags = 0xffff
# Command and connection timeouts
;timeout = 10

;connect timeout = 10

# If you get out-of-memory errors, it may mean that your client
# is trying to allocate a huge buffer for a TEXT field.
# Try setting 'text size' to a more reasonable limit
text size = 64512

# A typical Sybase server#newadd
[test_db]
host = 127.0.0.1
port = 1433
tds version = 8.0
client charset = GBK

连接SQL服务器的代码

import sys
import pymssql
class Mssql:
    def __init__(self, config):
        self.cf = config
    def __Connect(self):
        try:
            self.conn = pymssql.connect(host=self.cf['host'],user=self.cf['user'],password=self.cf['pwd'],database=self.cf['db'])
            cur = self.conn.cursor()
        except Exception, err:
            print "Error decoding config file: %s" % str(err)
            sys.exit(1)
        return cur
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
    def select(self, sql):
        try:
            cur = self.__Connect()
            cur.execute(sql)
            rows = cur.fetchall()
            cur.close()
            self.conn.close()
            return rows
        except Exception, err:
            print "Error decoding config file: %s" % str(err)
            sys.exit(1)
    def insert(self, sql):
        try:
            cur = self.__Connect()
            cur.execute(sql)
            cur.close()
            self.conn.commit()
            self.conn.close()
        except Exception, err:
            print "Error decoding config file: %s" % str(err)
            sys.exit(1)
def main():
    config = {'host':'test_db','user':'test','pwd':'123456','db':'Testdb'}
    mssql = Mssql(config)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
    #select sql
    sql = "select * from test_table"
    rows = mssql.select(sql)
    #insert sql
    sql = "insert into test_table values('1','2','3')"
    mssql.insert(sql)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

注：host里test_db是调用freetds配置里的，可以直接写ip

下面是pymssql里参数使用说明，如下：

1. pymssqlCnx类（用于连接Mssql数据库）

pymssql.connect()来初始化连接类，它允许如下的参数。

dsn：连接字符串，主要用于与之前版本的pymssql兼容

user：用户名

password：密码

trusted：布尔值,指定是否使用windows身份认证登陆

host :主机名

database：数据库

timeout：查询超时

login_timeout：登陆超时

charset：数据库的字符集

as_dict：布尔值,指定返回值是字典还是元组

max_conn：最大连接数

2. Method

autocommit(status)

布尔值,指示是否自动提交事务，默认的状态是关闭的，如果打开，你必须调用commit()方法来提交事务。

close()
关闭连接

cursor()
返回游标对象，用于查询和返回数据
commit()

提交事务。

rollback()
回滚事务

pymssqlCursor类
用于从数据库查询和返回数据

rowcount

返回最后操作影响的行数。

connection

返回创建游标的连接对象

lastrowid
返回插入的最后一行

rownumber
返回当前数据集中的游标（通过索引）

3. 游标方法