环境

MySQL5.6

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/spatial-relation-functions-object-shapes.html#function_st-distance

表结构及数据

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `locationpoint`;
CREATE TABLE `locationpoint`
(
    `id`        int(11)       NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `province`  varchar(20)   NOT NULL,
    `city`      varchar(20)   NOT NULL,
    `longitude` double(10, 3) NOT NULL,
    `latitude`  double(10, 3) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  AUTO_INCREMENT = 1156
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

INSERT INTO `locationpoint`
VALUES (1, "山东", "济南", 116.938477, 36.597889),
       (2, "河北", "石家庄", 114.477539, 38.030786),
       (3, "浙江", "杭州", 120.058594, 30.334954),
       (4, "河南", "郑州", 113.629, 34.744),
       (5, "安徽省", "合肥", 117.170, 31.520);

查询方式

(以内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市为计算中心)

SELECT id,
       city,
       longitude,
       latitude,
       round(
                   (
                           st_distance(
                                   point(longitude, latitude),
                                   point(111.621094, 40.913513)
                               ) / 0.0111
                       ) * 1000
           )
           AS distance
FROM locationpoint
ORDER BY distance;

查询结果