Python RSA加密解密

一、RSA加密算法

RSA加密算法是一种非对称加密算法，加密的秘钥是由公钥和私钥两部分组成秘钥对，公钥用来加密消息，私钥用来解密消息，公钥是公开的，给对方进行加密，私钥则是用户自己保留，用来对加密的数据进行解密。

公钥pem文件格式：以-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----标记打头，以-----END PUBLIC KEY-----标记结尾，中间部分即为公钥

-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDM6dGIA2naE3nGXi6O9vHskRSjuC5hn30msl+bk1yJl4NUqH1et7S3C0NWMDHPkC0vyWtp8HTpV1bFN747zToegLOsn1+zsf1LSObVce+UU76w1J3oAHBPCHSTt+WuTe+FMbQzvX1CQAdzdqCvYFvb+b9Y+L+ajto9raO0cfdGawIDAQAB-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

私钥pem文件格式：以-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----打头，以-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----结尾，中间部分即为私钥

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

二、如何使用Python进行RSA加密解密

模块安装

pip install pycryptodome

实例

from Crypto import Randomfrom Crypto.PublicKey import RSAfrom Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5import base64# 伪随机数生成器random_generator = Random.new().read# rsa算法生成秘钥对实例对象：1024是秘钥的长度rsa = RSA.generate(1024, random_generator)#生成私钥并保存到pem文件，如果知道秘钥值key3也可以不保存，拼接上begin/end标识后加载直接用，如key3 = '-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n' + key3 + '\n' + '-----END PUBLIC KEY-----'private_pem = rsa.exportKey()with open("private.pem", "wb") as f:#wb,以二进制格式写入文件    f.write(private_pem)#生成公钥并保存到pem文件，当然也可以不保存直接用,即key1public_pem = rsa.publickey().exportKey()with open("public.pem", "wb") as f: #wb,以二进制格式写入文件    f.write(public_pem)#plaintext:需要加密的明文文本，公钥加密，私钥解密plaintext = '123456'#加密过程# 1：加载公钥with open("public.pem") as f1:    key1 = f1.read()  #从pem文件中读取公钥内容，包括begin头/end尾标识    public_key = RSA.import_key(key1) #加载公钥key1#:2：加密cipher_rsa = PKCS1_v1_5.new(public_key)cipher_text = base64.b64encode(cipher_rsa.encrypt(plaintext.encode('utf-8'))) #cipher_text 即为加密后的密文#打印加密结果print(cipher_text.decode('utf-8'))#Python3的字符串的编码语言用的是unicode编码，由于Python的字符串类型是str,如果直接打印出来print(cipher_text)，会是b'字符串'，解决方案是后面添加decode('utf-8')# 读取私钥with open("private.pem") as f2:    key2 = f2.read()#从pem文件中读取私钥内容，包括begin头/end尾标识    private_key = RSA.import_key(key2)#加载私钥key2# 解密cipher_rsa = PKCS1_v1_5.new(private_key)text = cipher_rsa.decrypt(base64.b64decode(cipher_text),random_generator)#打印解密结果print(text.decode('utf-8'))#Python3的字符串的编码语言用的是unicode编码，由于Python的字符串类型是str,如果直接打印出来print(text)，会是b'字符串'，解决方案是后面添加decode('utf-8')

来源地址：https://blog.csdn.net/baidu_24752135/article/details/131316324