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springboot @JsonSerialize的使用讲解

2024-04-02 19:55

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@JsonSerialize的使用讲解

解决前端显示和后台存储数据单位不一致的问题。

在返回对象时，进行自定义数据格式转换。

1.写一个类继承JsonSerializer 抽象类

实现其serialize()方法，然后在方法中写入转换规则即可

举例是把Date时间戳从毫秒转换成秒为单位


import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider; 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;
 

public class Date2LongSerializer extends JsonSerializer<Date> {
    @Override
    public void serialize(Date date, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
        jsonGenerator.writeNumber(date.getTime() / 1000);
    }
}

2.然后在传输的实体类中的属性上

打上@JsonSerialize注解即可


import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JsonSerialize;
import com.ls.sell.enums.OrderStatusEnum;
import com.ls.sell.enums.PayStatusEnum;
import com.ls.sell.util.serializer.Date2LongSerializer;
import lombok.Data;
import org.hibernate.annotations.DynamicUpdate; 
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Date;
 

@Entity
@Data
@DynamicUpdate
public class OrderMaster { 
    @Id
    private String orderId; 
    private String buyerName; 
    private String buyerPhone; 
    private String buyerAddress; 
    private String buyerOpenid; 
    private BigDecimal orderAmount;
 
    
    private Integer orderStatus = OrderStatusEnum.NEW.getCode(); 
    
    private Integer payStatus = PayStatusEnum.WAIT.getCode(); 
    @JsonSerialize(using = Date2LongSerializer.class)
    private Date createTime; 
    @JsonSerialize(using = Date2LongSerializer.class)
    private Date updateTime;
}

3.附加：还有一个比较好用的注解

如果返回对象中变量存在null，可以使用@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)注解来忽略为null的变量，这样前端比较好处理


package com.ls.sell.dto; 
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JsonSerialize;
import com.ls.sell.entity.OrderDetail;
import com.ls.sell.entity.OrderMaster;
import lombok.Data; 
import java.util.List;
 

@Data
@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
public class OrderDTO extends OrderMaster {
    private List<OrderDetail> orderDetailList;
}

使用注解之前的返回值：

使用注解之后：

还是比较好用的。

4.附加：之前附件3的注解，还是有个问题

如果一个一个实体类配置的话，未免太过麻烦，所以可以在配置文件中直接配置，yml配置文件如下：

@JsonSerialize 相关使用（jsonUtil）

基础注解使用

1、实现JsonSerializer接口

例：


public class MySerializerUtils extends JsonSerializer<Integer> {
    @Override
    public void serialize(Integer status, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
        String statusStr = "";
         switch (status) {
             case 0:
                 statusStr = "新建状态";
                 break;
                 }
                 jsonGenerator.writeString(statusStr);
     }
 }

2、添加注解

注:@JsonSerialize注解,主要应用于数据转换,该注解作用在该属性的getter()方法上。

①用在属性上（自定义的例子）


@JsonSerialize(using = MySerializerUtils.class)
private int status;

②用在属性上（jackson自带的用法）


@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
    @JsonDeserialize(using = LocalDateTimeDeserializer.class)
    @JsonSerialize(using = LocalDateTimeSerializer.class)
private LocalDateTime sendTime;

③用在空对象上可以转化


@JsonSerialize
public class XxxxxBody {
 // 该对象暂无字段，直接new了返回
}

框架层面的使用

jsonUtil工具类

实现json转换时所有的null转为“”

1、实现JsonSerializer类


public class CustomizeNullJsonSerializer {
    public static class NullStringJsonSerializer extends JsonSerializer<Object> {
        @Override
        public void serialize(Object value, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator,
                              SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
            jsonGenerator.writeString("");
        }
    }
}

2、实现BeanSerializerModifier类


public class CustomizeBeanSerializerModifier extends BeanSerializerModifier {
    @Override
    public List<BeanPropertyWriter> changeProperties(SerializationConfig config,
                                                     BeanDescription beanDesc,
                                                     List<BeanPropertyWriter> beanProperties) {
        for (int i = 0; i < beanProperties.size(); i++) {
            BeanPropertyWriter writer = beanProperties.get(i);
            if (isStringType(writer)) {
                writer.assignNullSerializer(new CustomizeNullJsonSerializer.NullStringJsonSerializer());
            }
        }
        return beanProperties;
    }
    
    private boolean isStringType(BeanPropertyWriter writer) {
        Class<?> clazz = writer.getType().getRawClass();
        return CharSequence.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) || Character.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz);
    }
}

3、工具类调用


public class JsonUtil {
//序列化时String 为null时变成""
    private static ObjectMapper mapperContainEmpty = new ObjectMapper();
static {
        mapperContainEmpty.configure(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS, false);
        mapperContainEmpty.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
        mapperContainEmpty.setSerializerFactory(mapperContainEmpty.getSerializerFactory()
                .withSerializerModifier(new CustomizeBeanSerializerModifier()));
    }
 
    public static String toJsonContainEmpty(Object o) {
        try {
            return mapperContainEmpty.writeValueAsString(o);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("render object to json error: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
            throw new RuntimeException("render object to json error!", e);
        }
    }
}

附：jsonUtil完整代码



public class JsonUtil {
    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JsonUtil.class);
    private static ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
    //序列化时String 为null时变成""
    private static ObjectMapper mapperContainEmpty = new ObjectMapper();
    static {
        mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS, false);
        mapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
        mapper.setSerializationInclusion(Include.NON_NULL);
        mapperContainEmpty.configure(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS, false);
        mapperContainEmpty.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
        mapperContainEmpty.setSerializerFactory(mapperContainEmpty.getSerializerFactory()
                .withSerializerModifier(new CustomizeBeanSerializerModifier()));
    }
    
    public static String toJson(Object o) {
        try {
            return mapper.writeValueAsString(o);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("render object to json error: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
            throw new RuntimeException("render object to json error!", e);
        }
    }
    
    public static String toJsonContainEmpty(Object o) {
        try {
            return mapperContainEmpty.writeValueAsString(o);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("render object to json error: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
            throw new RuntimeException("render object to json error!", e);
        }
    }
    
    public static <T> T toObject(String json, Class<T> clazz) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(json, clazz);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("render json to object error: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
            throw new RuntimeException("render json to object error!", e);
        }
    }
    
    public static <T> List<T> toList(String json, Class<T> clazz) {
        try {
            JavaType javaType = mapper.getTypeFactory().constructParametricType(List.class, clazz);
            return mapper.readValue(json, javaType);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("render json to List<T> error: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
            throw new RuntimeException("render json to List<T> error!", e);
        }
    }
    
    public static <K, V> Map<K, V> toMap(String json, Class<K> clazzKey, Class<V> clazzValue) {
        try {
            JavaType javaType = mapper.getTypeFactory().constructParametricType(Map.class, clazzKey, clazzValue);
            return mapper.readValue(json, javaType);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("render json to Map<K, V> error: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
            throw new RuntimeException("render json to Map<K, V> error!", e);
        }
    }
}

以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持编程网。

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